奶牛血清与乳中LDH同工酶特性的对比研究

利用不连续缓冲体系聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶与生产性能的关系分析,结果表明,奶牛血清和乳中LDH都有5种同工酶,并且它们都是LDH1>LDH2>LDH3>LDH4>LDH5。LDH1与产奶性能有较高的遗传相关,拟可作为奶牛遗传育种的附加标记。     

云南德宏水牛和杂交牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)血清中两种同工酶的多态性研究

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对云南德宏水牛和杂交牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和过氧化物酶(POD)两种同工酶多态性进行研究,并采用GelDocTM.XR凝胶成像系统扫描仪对乳酸脱氢酶进行定量。结果表明两种牛血清中的两种同工酶均出现多态性,且德宏水牛血清同工酶多态性少于杂交牛。德宏水牛LDH1、LDH2、LDH3、LDH4、LDH5相对百分含量依次为47.25±1.62%、25.41±0.75%、14.07±0.49%、10.55±0.97%、5.98±0.45%;杂交牛依次为49.27±0.85%、26.26±0.55%、12.48±0.40%、8.89±0.52%、6.35±0.27%。对LDH相对百分含量进行方差分析的结果显示,两种牛之间只有LDH3差异显著(P<0.05),其余差异均不显著(P>0.05)。该结果为进一步研究血清同工酶的多态性与生产性能之间的关系提供了理论依据。     

绦虫类细胞遗传学研究——Ⅱ、细颈囊尾蚴三种同工酶电泳分析

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了细颈囊尾蚴囊液的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和酯酶(Est)三种同工酶。结果表明:LDH同工酶有5条酶带;MDH同工酶有5条酶带;Est同工酶有1条酶带。     

血清乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶活性对猪瘟胎盘感染的临床诊断意义

乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate dehydrogenase,简称LDH)是一种同工酶,血清中LDH用电泳的方法分离可得到五种同工酶(LDH_(1-5)),这5种LDH同工酶在分子组成上的差异是受基因控制的,是基因分化的产物,这种分化有明显的组织器官特异性,因     

牦牛睾丸附睾LDH同工酶表达模式的研究

利用比色法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术对6、12、18、24月龄半血野牦牛、横交半血野牦牛和家牦牛睾丸、附睾组织LDH同工酶活性及谱带表达进行测析.结果表明睾九、附睾LDH在相同月龄其表达模式不同,6月龄睾丸LDH有4条酶谱,活性百分率依次(LDH1＞LDH3＞LDH2＞LDH4),附睾只有3条酶谱(LDH1＞LDH2＞LDH3);到12、18月龄时,睾丸LDH有5条酶谱(LDH1＞LDH3＞LDH2＞LDH2＞LDH4＞LDH5),附睾4条酶漕(LDH1＞LDH2＞LDH3＞LDH4),睾丸和附睾LDH同工酶随月龄增长和睾丸组织发育,活性和酶谱表现出明显组织器官的特异性.3种类型牦牛LDH同工酶表达基本相似.24月龄时,睾丸、附睾LDH有6条谱带,LDH-X位于LDH4与LDH5之间,证明此时牦公牛睾丸中精子成熟.     

罗斯及印第安河鸡发育时期组织LDH同工酶变化

罗斯及印第安河鸡在胚胎第3d的混合胚中出现LDH_(1～3)3种同工酶(3条区带,梯度凝胶电泳),或LDH_(1～4)4种同工酶(6～7条区带,等电聚焦电泳);第7d检出心肌、胸肌和脑的5种同工酶(LDH_(1～5),5～7条区带);第12d检出肝脏的LDH_(1～5)5种同工酶(8或15条区带).组织LDH同工酶区带数随发育过程明显增多,同种鸡同一组织不同发育时期的LDH同工酶活性变化相差显著或极显著.在相同发育时期,印第安河鸡胸肌和肝脏的LDH_1相对活性均明显高于罗斯鸡(P<0.01).两种鸡心肌、胸肌、肝和脑组织LDH同工酶的等电点主要分布在pH6.0～8.2内.     

马关节滑液、血清乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶和它们在疾病状态下的变化

用king氏法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测得马关节滑液和血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及其同工酶正常值。滑液和血清5种LDH同工酶电泳迁移率相同。各种LDH同工酶的分子量和热稳定性均有明显差异。抗尿素作用,血清和滑液LDH同工酶基本相似。Mg~(++)是LDH激活剂,最佳激活浓度为10~(-3)M;Zn~(++)、Ca~(++)、Cu~(++)、Hg~(++)、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、碘乙酸、EDTA等为LDH抑制剂。在四肢的急性或亚急性关节和骨疾病时,滑液LDH明显升高,其同工酶谱随疾病发生部位不同而不同,并与血清一致,但慢性关节疾病时LDH及其同工酶变化则不一致。     

鹅细小病毒侵染雏鹅组织器官的氧化/脱氢酶及同工酶研究

酶是催化代谢途径的高效活性基因产物,应激环境和遗传基础的不同导致同工酶结构或活性差异,使不同组织和发育阶段的酶种类和活性表现特异性变化。采用生化分析试验技术和PAGE分析鹅细小病毒(GPV)感染雏鹅氧化/脱氢酶(LDH、ADH、POD、CAT)的活性及同工酶特征变异,结果表明,GPV感染雏鹅的脑、心脏、脾脏组织新出现1条POD同工酶谱带,肺脏组织消失1条同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅的肝脏、脾脏组织分别缺失慢区3条和1条CAT同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅组织器官的LDH和ADH同工酶仅显示1~2个慢区带,肺脏缺失1条慢区ADH同工酶谱带,ADH活性降低了13.61%~61.08%,心脏增高1.2倍;POD、CAT、LDH活性分别增强1.2~6、1.5~3.5、2~2.5倍,而脑、肺脏的CAT活性降低了40.29%和94.68%,心脏、肺脏的LDH活性降低了75.93%和91.81%。提示氧化/脱氢酶产生的广泛变异是GPV感染应激与宿主氧化/脱氢酶基因表达的互作效应,其酶的谱型、活性等生化特征变异,直接或间接调控代谢途径、影响生理机能及病理性能,敏感的氧化/脱氢酶是研究病毒基因型与宿主遗传易感性互作病理学机制的有效标记物。     

三角城藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法对83只三角城藏羊的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶酶谱进行分析。结果发现:①红细胞LDH同工酶总共有11条区带;②第1区带的电泳迁移率为54.3％,第11区带的电泳迁移率为25.0％;③红细胞LDH有两种电泳表型,78只羊为LDHⅠ型,占93.98％,5只羊为LDHⅡ型,占6.02％。     

燕雀6种器官组织中SOD和LDH同工酶电泳分析

为了给鸟类的深入研究提供基础的生理生化指标依据,试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳的方法对燕雀心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、脑、肺脏6种器官组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶进行分离、分析。结果表明:燕雀6种器官组织中共分离出SOD1~SOD16、电泳迁移率为0.800~0.113的16条谱带,6种器官组织中共分离出LDH1~LDH5、电泳迁移率为0.152~0.097的5条谱带。LDH和SOD同工酶在不同组织中有谱带缺失现象,同一个体在同一组织内和不同组织之间同工酶谱带分布和酶活性存在明显差异。     

Contribution of leucocytes to the origin of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in milk of bovine mastitis

The isozyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of bovine milks are different in normal (LDH1 is predominant) and mastitic milks. We surveyed LDH isozymes of mastitic milks, and found that the isozyme patterns could be separated into two groups, mastitic milk A (higher proportions of LDH1,2 and lower proportions of LDH3-5) and mastitic milk B (relative decrease of LDH1 and increase of LDH2-5, particularly LDH3-5). To elucidate the origin of LDH isozymes in the mastitic milks, the isozyme patterns of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets and lymphocytes (T and B cells) were examined. The patterns of granulocytes and lymphocytes were similar to those of mastitic milks A and B, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed the presence of marker proteins of granulocytes and lymphocytes in mastitic milks A and B, respectively. These results suggested that granulocytes and lymphocytes at least partly contributed to the origin of LDH isozymes in the mastitic milks.     

八个品种家兔血清LDH同工酶电泳分析

利用不连续梯度聚丙烯酰胺圆盘凝胶电泳方法，对新西兰兔，青紫蓝兔，比利时兔等八个品种家兔血清的ＬＤＨ同工酶进行电泳分析。实验结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳能很好地分离出家兔血清中的五种ＬＤＨ同工酶；家兔血清ＬＤＨ同工酶图谱的区带分布具有种的特异性，家名义血清ＬＤＨ同工酶以Ｂ亚基占优势，Ａ、Ｂ亚基的比率反映家兔的亲缘关系，通过实验，对家兔品种组合杂种优势进行了估测。     

兔狲血液蛋白质和酶的电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对２只兔狲的４种血液蛋白质表型和３种血液同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果发现：①被检兔狲的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）和后白蛋白（Ｐａ）分别呈单一的ＨＢＡＢ，ＡＬＢＡＡ和ＰａＡＡ型，运铁蛋白（ＴＦ）有ＴＦＡＢ和ＴＦＢＢ两种表型；②血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）由ＡＬＰＡ，ＡＬＰＢ，ＡＬＰＣ和ＡＬＰＤ四种同工酶组成；③血清酯酶（ＥＳ）由ＥＳＩ和ＥＳＩＶ两种同工酶共７条区带组成；④血清乳酸脱氢酶（Ｓ－ＬＤＨ）由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２，ＬＤＨ３，ＬＤＨ４和ＬＤＨ５五种同工酶组成，红细胞内只有前四种ＬＤＨ同工酶。     

Isolation,Culture and Identification of Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells from Milk

This study was aimed to set up a simple, economic and pure method to culture and identify buffalo mammary epithelial cell in vitro, which were collected from the fresh milk. The milk was collected in the late lactation period of the high yield milk buffalo, then it was mixed with the PBS in the ratio of 2:1 and centrifugated. A few suspernatants and the pellets were resuspended with the PBS when the milk fat were decanted, then recntrifuged. The final pellets and 1 mL of suspernatants were seeded in petri dish without fat, respectively. The isolated cells were mammary epithelial cells which were identified by cell morphology, immunofluorescence, growth curve, cell viability and RT-PCR. The buffalo mammary epithelial cells were successfully isolated from both the pellets and supernatants. The cells and impurities were less in the supernatants than that in the pellets. The cells were cobblestone-like without fibroblasts and most in cell division. In the post-confluent culture, mammary epithelial cells formed dome structures and layer-separated growth. The cells expressed cytokeratin 18 was identified by immunofluorescence which was the marker of mammary cells. The cell growth curve and cell survival rate were measured. The results showed that the buffalo mammary epithelial cells were activity and easy to attach. The mammary epithelial cells were expressed of milk protein and milk fat related genes detected by RT-PCR. The buffalo mammary epithelial cell line were successfully isolated and identified from fresh milk, which estabilished foundation for the study of the mechanism of lactation, the amelioration of the quality of milk and the improvement of milk yield of buffalo.     

水牛乳汁中乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养及鉴定

试验旨在从水牛（Bubalus bubalis）乳汁中分离培养水牛乳腺上皮细胞并对其进行鉴定,建立经济、便捷的水牛乳腺上皮细胞分离方法。通过无菌收集高产奶水牛泌乳后期乳汁,将其与PBS按2：1（V/V）混匀离心;去除上层乳脂,取带少量上清的沉淀,与PBS按上述比例混匀再次离心;将脂肪层去除干净,取沉淀上方1 mL上清及沉淀分别接种于细胞培养皿。通过细胞形态、免疫荧光、生长曲线测定、细胞接种活力、RT-PCR等对分离的细胞进行鉴定。结果表明,试验成功从水牛乳汁的上清和沉淀中分离获得了水牛乳腺上皮细胞,上清部分细胞和杂质较少;而沉淀部分则细胞和杂质较多。细胞呈典型鹅卵石样,无成纤维细胞,细胞活力好,多处于分裂期。当细胞增殖高度融合时,出现乳头状结构和分层生长现象。经免疫荧光鉴定,分离获得的水牛乳腺上皮细胞表达上皮细胞标志蛋白--细胞角蛋白18。水牛乳腺上皮细胞的生长曲线呈S型,符合一般生物学规律。细胞接种存活率的测定结果显示,细胞活力好、贴壁能力强。经RT-PCR检测,水牛乳腺上皮细胞表达乳蛋白及乳脂合成相关基因。从乳汁中分离水牛乳腺上皮细胞并对其进行鉴定,成功建立了水牛乳汁分离乳腺上皮细胞的方法,为研究水牛泌乳机制、改善乳品质、提高产奶量奠定基础。     

水牛乳和荷斯坦牛乳中五种常量元素含量的测定

对摩本杂水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)乳和荷斯坦牛乳中的5种常量元素进行测定.采用火焰光度法测定钾、钠含量,火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定钙、镁含量,磷钼酸比色法测定磷含量.结果表明,水牛乳中钾、钠含量极显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.01),钙、磷含量极显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.01),两种牛乳中镁含量差异不显著(...     

槟榔江水牛、摩拉水牛和荷斯坦牛乳成分比较分析

本试验采用乳品分析仪对槟榔江水牛、摩拉水牛和荷斯坦牛乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖等含量进行测定。同时采用SDS-PAGE技术对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,槟榔江水牛和摩拉水牛乳蛋白、乳脂含量差异不显著(P>0.05),槟榔江水牛乳糖含量显著低于摩拉水牛(P<0.05);而水牛乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖含量均极显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.01)。酪蛋白百分含量在三种牛乳蛋白中占优势,并且水牛乳CN和β-LG百分含量与荷斯坦牛乳差异不显著(P>0.05);而水牛乳中其他蛋白组分含量则显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05)。     

Suitability of lactate dehydrogenase activity and somatic cell counts of milk for detection of subclinical mastitis in Merino ewes (short communication).

The relationship between somatic cell counts (SCC) and LDH activity in milk was examined in Turkey to find out the suitability of these variables for early detection of subclinical mastitis in Merino ewes. A significant positive correlation was found between LDH activity and SCC in ewes' milk. LDH activity in milk samples appeared to be a sensitive and specific indicator of subclinical mastitis in ewes: it was significantly higher in milk from inflamed (mastitic) udders than in normal milk.     

广西水牛乳研究与开发现状概述

水牛乳营养丰富,与一般的牛乳相比,不仅蛋白质含量高,其乳脂肪、干物质及矿物质含量均较一般牛乳高,对其进行加工具有很高的经济价值,因此市场上有许多相关的水牛乳制品.广西气候环境十分适宜水牛的生长与繁殖,本文综述广西地区的水牛引进历史、水牛杂交改良乳品品质及水牛乳的成分特性,对比普通牛乳与水牛乳营养成分差异,并对水牛乳相关...     

和田乌骨鸡清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究初报

采用聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳方法对新疆和田地区散存的乌骨鸡血清中乳酸脱氨酶（LDH）同工酶谱进行研究，结果发现：红棕色羽毛乌骨公鸡血清中都发现有三种LDH同工酶。分别为LDH4，LDH3和LDH1，白色羽毛和红棕色羽毛母鸡血清中则都发现有四种LDH同工酶，分别为LDH4，LDH3，LDH2和LDH1。说明LDH在和田乌骨鸡血清的表现上有性别的差异。