Intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception in a cat with idiopathic megaesophagus

An adult female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for chronic upper respiratory disease and vomiting. A diagnosis of idiopathic megaesophagus with intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception (GEI) was made based on radiographic and endoscopic examinations. The GEI was manually reduced by use of a stomach tube during the endoscopic procedure. An incisional gastropexy was performed to prevent recurrence. Gastroesophageal intussusception is a rare condition in cats. In dogs it is usually associated with rapid progression of clinical signs, culminating in death. In this cat, the condition was associated with chronic signs, probably due to the intermittent nature of the GEI.     

Concurrent gastro-oesophageal intussusception, trichobezoar and hiatal hernia in a cat

CASE HISTORY: An adult male Birman cat was evaluated for recurrent, intermittent vomiting or regurgitation, occasionally associated with abdominal discomfort. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Radiographs, including an oesophogram, indicated an oesophageal obstruction. Prior to treatment, the cat's condition deteriorated and it was euthanised at the owner's request. Post-mortem examination revealed a gastro-oesophageal intussusception, a trichobezoar impacted into the intussusceptum, and a dilated oesophageal hiatus consistent with a chronic hiatal hernia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gastro-oesophageal intussusception is a rare condition in cats. Its aetiology in relation to a pre-existing hiatal hernia and a trichobezoar is discussed.     

Concurrent gastro-oesophageal intussusception,trichobezoar and hiatal hernia in a cat

CASE HISTORY: An adult male Birman cat was evaluated for recurrent, intermittent vomiting or regurgitation, occasionally associated with abdominal discomfort.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Radiographs, including an oesophogram, indicated an oesophageal obstruction. Prior to treatment, the cat's condition deteriorated and it was euthanised at the owner's request. Post-mortem examination revealed a gastro-oesophageal intussusception, a trichobezoar impacted into the intussusceptum, and a dilated oesophageal hiatus consistent with a chronic hiatal hernia.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gastro-oesophageal intussusception is a rare condition in cats. Its aetiology in relation to a pre-existing hiatal hernia and a trichobezoar is discussed.     

Pylorogastric intussusception in the dog: a case report and literature review

A 10-month-old, neutered male Saint Bernard presented for evaluation of acute, severe vomiting. A soft-tissue mass was noted within the stomach on survey abdominal radiographs. The diagnosis of pylorogastric intussusception was made during exploratory celiotomy. The intussusception was manually reduced at surgery, the pyloric antrum was enlarged, and the duodenum was permanently affixed to the abdominal wall in an attempt to prevent recurrence of the intussusception. The dog recovered, has gained weight (5 kg), and has had only one isolated episode of vomiting during the one year since discharge from the hospital. This report documents the fourth reported case of pylorogastric (i.e., duodenogastric, gastrogastric) intussusception in the veterinary literature and is the first report that details the surgical management of the disease.     

Ileal intussusception in 16 young thoroughbreds.

The paper describes the outcome of 16 cases of short-ileal-ileal intussusception in young Thoroughbred horses. The intussusception was often associated with chronic or intermittent low grade abdominal pain. At laparotomy, only the intussusception was reduced in one horse; in another, a myotomy of the thickened stenosed intussusception was carried out after reduction. In 11 cases as ileocaecal bypass anastomosis was performed proximal to the intussusception after its reduction. One horse was subjected to euthanasia during operation because of irreversible intestinal wall damage and another because of intestinal rupture. One foal had a cardiac arrest following reduction of the intussusception. One horse was subjected to euthanasia 4 months post-operatively because of intractable abdominal pain caused by intestinal adhesions. Although several horses suffered episodes of post-operative abdominal pain, and 2 were subjected to a second laparotomy, 12 horses made an eventual complete recovery.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS—PYLOROGASTRIC INTUSSUSCEPTION IN A DOG

A 7-year-old female Maltese presented for evaluation of severe vomiting. A diagnosis of pylorogastric intussusception was made during ultrasonographic examination. The intussusception spontaneously underwent reduction by the following morning.     

Gastroesophageal intussusception in a Labrador retriever.

A 14-month-old, intact male Labrador retriever was referred for evaluation of vomiting and regurgitation. A diagnosis of gastroesophageal intussusception with aspiration pneumonia was made. The patient responded favorably to aggressive surgical and medical management. The guarded to poor prognosis for gastroesophageal intussusception makes the successful outcome of this case unique.     

Idiopathic megaoesophagus and intermittent gastro-oesophageal intussusception in a cat

An eight-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with chronic vomiting for three months, with an acute increase in frequency during the past two days. A diagnosis of megaoesophagus was made by chest radiography. Diagnostic work-up for megaoesophagus was performed. A gastro-oesophageal intussusception was identified during endoscopy. Medical and nutritional therapy was instituted with a good response to the treatment.     

Intermittent Colic and Intussusception Due to a Cecal Polyp in a Rabbit

A 9-year-old male rabbit was presented for chronic intermittent anorexia and colic. A small abdominal mass was evident on palpation, and ultrasonography demonstrated a luminal mass and small intussusception in the distal cecum. Surgical resection of the distal third of the cecum was performed and histologic examination yielded a diagnosis of an inflammatory fibroid polyp. Although reported as causing intussusception in humans and other animals, the authors are unaware of any reports in pet or laboratory rabbits. The etiology and histogenesis of inflammatory fibroid polyps are still unclear.     

Mesenteric and omental sclerosis associated with metastases from gastrointestinal neoplasia in the dog

Eleven cases of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract were reviewed. Six tumours were considered to be of gastric origin, three originated from the jejunum and two from exocrine pancreatic tissue. Clinical signs were variable, but intermittent anorexia and vomiting were common features. Grossly, there was marked fibrosis involving the mesentery in nine cases, the omentum in 10 cases, and the abdominal surface of the diaphragm in three cases. Neoplasms that primarily involved the stomach or jejunum caused localised thickening of the bowel wall with mucosal ulceration. Pancreatic masses were continuous with the peritoneal lesion. The major histological feature in the mesentery and omentum was small islands of neoplastic cells surrounded by abundant proliferating connective tissue.     

Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features of a true gastro-gastric intussusception with concurrent foreign bodies in a dog

A 2-year-old intact male Cane Corso dog was presented for acute weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the stomach had severe wall edema and a target appearance. Computed tomography was consistent with a gastro-gastric intussusception and concurrent mineral-like gastric foreign bodies. After reduction of the intussusception, bilateral incisional gastropexy was performed to prevent recurrence. True gastrogastric intussusception is a rare condition and should be considered if the stomach has severe wall edema with a target sign on abdominal ultrasound. Computed tomography was useful to confirm this rare diagnosis and screen the entire abdomen for concurrent lesions.Key clinical message:This case highlights the usefulness of a CT examination to confirm this rare diagnosis, to determine the position of gastric compartments, and to detect potential concurrent lesions prior to surgery.     

Ultrasonographic diagnosis and surgical management of double intestinal intussusception in 3 dogs

The diagnosis and treatment of double intestinal intussusception in 3 pups with persistent vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, leucocytosis, and electrolyte imbalance are described. Ultrasonography confirmed intussusception and laparotomy revealed double intussusceptions. Intussusceptions were corrected by manual reduction in 1 pup and intestinal resection and anastomosis in 2 pups. Two pups survived and 1 pup died on the 4th day after surgery.     

Chronic intestinal intussusception in two horses

In 2 cases of chronic intestinal intussusception in horses, one involved jejunum and the other, ileum. The only clinical signs observed were intermittent colic. Surgery was performed on both horses, with successful outcomes.     

Torsion and volvulus of the transverse and descending colon in a German shepherd dog

A German shepherd dog was presented two months after surgery for correction of acute gastric dilatation volvulus. The dog had been diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Radiographs revealed marked gaseous distension of one loop of intestine with a generalised increase in intestinal gas content. A 360 degrees anticlockwise rotation of the descending and transverse colon, around the longitudinal axis of the mesocolon, was diagnosed at exploratory coeliotomy. The transverse and descending colon appeared uniformly necrotic and an end-to-end colo-colic resection and anastomosis was performed. The dog initially made satisfactory postoperative progress but was euthanased on the third postoperative day after it developed an intestinal intussusception.     

Retrospective Study: Surgical intervention in the management of severe acute pancreatitis in cats: 8 cases (2003–2007)

Objective – To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical intervention in the course of treatment for severe acute pancreatitis. Design – Retrospective observational study from 2003 to 2007 with a median follow‐up period of 2.2 years (range 11 d–5.4 y) postoperatively. Setting – Private referral veterinary center. Animals – Eight cats. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Quantitative data included preoperative physical and clinicopathologic values. Qualitative parameters included preoperative ultrasonographic interpretation, perioperative and intraoperative feeding tube placement, presence of free abdominal fluid, intraoperative closed suction abdominal drain placement, postoperative complications, microbiological culture, and histopathology. Common presenting clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Leukocytosis and hyponatremia were present in 5 of 8 cats. Hypokalemia, increased total bilirubin, and hyperglycemia were present in 6 of 8 cats. Elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transferase were present in all cats. Surgery for extrahepatic biliary obstruction was performed in 6 cats, pancreatic abscess in 3 cats, and pancreatic necrosis in 1 cat. Six of the 8 cats survived. Five of the 6 cats that underwent surgery for extrahepatic biliary obstruction and 1 cat that underwent pancreatic necrosectomy survived. All 5 of the cats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis survived. The 2 nonsurvivors included a cat with a pancreatic abscess and a cat with severe pancreatitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to a mass at the gastroduodenal junction. Postoperative complications included progression of diabetes mellitus, septic peritonitis, local gastrostomy tube stoma inflammation, local gastrostomy tube stoma infection, and mild dermal suture reaction. Conclusion – Cats with severe acute pancreatitis and concomitant extrahepatic biliary obstruction, pancreatic necrosis, or pancreatic abscesses may benefit from surgical intervention. Cats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to severe acute pancreatitis may have a good prognosis.     

Use of pyloroplasty (Y-U) to treat presumed delayed gastric emptying in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).

A 4-yr-old cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with a 2-yr history of chronic intermittent vomiting and spiral bacteria-associated gastritis presented with dramatically increased vomiting frequency and marked intermittent abdominal distention. Physical examination revealed loss of muscle mass and poor fur coat quality. Contrast radiography was consistent with delayed gastric emptying due to presumed gastric outlet obstruction. Both Y-U pyloroplasty and incisional gastropexy were performed, and no subsequent vomiting has been observed for 3 yr with the exception of three episodes during the immediate postoperative period. The cause of delayed gastric emptying was not determined, although a gastric motility disorder associated with gastric bacterial infection and elevated gastrin levels was suspected.     

Ileocecal intussusception in horses: 26 cases (1981-1988)

The case records of 26 horses with ileocecal intussusception over a 7-year period were reviewed to determine clinical features of the disease and response to treatment. The median age of horses with ileocecal intussusception was 1 year and ranged from 2 weeks to 19 years. There was no apparent gender or breed predisposition to this disease. An acute form of ileocecal intussusception was diagnosed in 19 horses with signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain of less than or equal to 24 hours' duration, and a chronic form was diagnosed in 7 horses with signs of intermittent, mild to moderate abdominal pain of more than 3 days' duration. Horses with chronic ileocecal intussusception had a history of weight loss or failure to gain weight, slow growth, poor appetite, low-grade pyrexia, and postprandial signs of abdominal pain. At surgery, the involved segments of intestine (intussusceptum and intussuscipiens) in chronic cases were 2 to 10 cm long, and the ileum and much of the distal portion of the jejunum were flaccid, dilated, and thick walled. In the acute cases, the length of involved intestine ranged from 6 to 457 cm. Whereas only 1 of 7 chronic intussusceptions (14%) could be reduced, 9 of 19 (47%) acute intussusceptions were reducible. Surgical treatment included resection and jejunocecostomy (6 horses), partial resection through a cecotomy and a side-to-side jejunocecostomy (2 horses), and a side-to-side ileocecostomy or jejunocecostomy without resection (12 horses, 7 of which had chronic intussusception). Six horses with acute intussusception were euthanatized before or during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)