Humoral Antibody Response to Experimental Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes Infection in the Dog

Abstract— Humoral antibody responses to experimental Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes infection in 10 beagle dogs were demonstrated by an ELISA in three experiments. In the first experiment, four dogs, infected with a relatively high dose of S. scabiei, seroconverted 2 weeks post infection. All four animals showed clinical signs of sarcoptic mange. In the second experiment, six dogs were infected with a relatively low dose of S. scabiei. Three of the dogs developed clinical signs of sarcoptic mange and only in these three were antibodies to S. scabiei demonstrated. Seroconversion occurred 4–5 weeks post infection. The six dogs infected with a low dose of Sarcoptes were re-infected with a relatively low dose of mites 7 weeks after the spontaneous clinical recovery of the three dogs that had exhibited mange following the primary infection. The later three dogs showed a specific antibody response within 1 week and the other three dogs within 2 weeks following the re-infection. Resumen En tres experimentos se demostraron las respuestas humorales de anticuerpos a la infección con Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes en 10 perros de la raza Beagle por medio de pruebas ELISA. En el primer experimento cuatro de los perros infectados con una dosis relativamente alta de Sarcoptes, seroconvirtieron 2 semanas despues de la infección. Estos cuatro animales mostraban cuadro clínico de infección. En un segundo experimento seis de los perros se sometieron a una dosis relativamente baja del ácaro. Solo tres de estos perros demostraron cuadro clínico de la infección, y en éstos animales exclusivamente se encontraron anticuerpos de S. scabiei. Cinco o seis semanas después de la infección se produjo la seroconversión de los mismos. Los seis perros infectados con una dosis baja se volvieron a re-infectar con otra dosis relativamente baja siete semanas después de la recuperatión clínica espontánea de los tres perros que habían padecido el cuadro clínico de la sarna, después de la infección previa. Los últimos tres perros produjeron una respuesta de anticuerpos específica en una semana, y los otros tres perros en dos semanas después de la infección.     

Dot-ELISA检测兔疥螨抗体方法的建立和应用

将从病兔痂皮内收集的疥螨经研磨、冻融、离心后,制成可溶性抗原,作为诊断抗原,建立Dot-ELISA方法检测兔疥螨血清抗体.研究确定了该方法的最佳工作条件.制备的诊断膜片特异性强,不与兔瘟病毒、兔大肠埃希菌、兔附红细胞体等阳性血清反应.膜片具有良好的灵敏性,高免血清作1∶210稀释亦能检出;重复性试验表明该法重复性良好.诊断膜片在4 ℃保存5个月其检测活性不变.结果表明,建立的Dot-ELISA可用于免疥螨抗体的检测.     

印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的体外杀螨活性

将兔疥螨幼虫置于聚苯乙烯小平皿中，分别加入不同浓度的印楝油液体名蜡溶液，以天然除虫菊酯和阿维菌素为阳性对照，蒸馏水和液体石蜡为阴性对照，观察记录不同时间段的螨虫死亡数，以死亡率、半数致死时间（LT50）和半数致死浓度（LC50）为指标评价了印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的离体杀螨活性。结果显示，未稀释的印楝油能在25min内杀死所有幼螨，其杀螨活性显著强于500g／L的天然除虫菊酯（825min，P〈0．01），而与25g／L的阿维菌素无显著差异（19min，P〉0．05）；500、250和125mL／L印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的LT50分别为1、2、5h；24h的LC50和LC95分别为2．908和12．018mL／L。结果证实，印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫具有较好的离体杀螨活性。     

Successful treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei in a 33‐year‐old pony with underlying pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

A pony presented with a severe, chronic dermatitis around the ears, neck and trunk of the body, hind quarters and ventral abdomen. The pony was intensely pruritic as was an in‐contact pony and both owners. A superficial skin scraping demonstrated multiple living mites, identified as Sarcoptes scabiei. Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was diagnosed as an underlying, potentially immunosuppressive disorder. The pony was treated for Sacroptes scabiei as well as PPID and is doing well 2 months after initial presentation.     

Sensitisation to the House Dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, in Dogs with Sarcoptic Mange

Abstract— Sensitisation to the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae , was demonstrated by skin testing and allergen-specific IgG determination in 15 out of 20 dogs in which a definitive diagnosis of sarcoptic mange was made following recovery of Sarcoptes scabiei mites on skin scrapings. After therapy, no dogs exhibited clinical signs of atopic dermatitis. Intradermal skin testing and 40 per cent of specific IgG assays for Dermatophagoides farinae were negative 90–180 DAys after the original diagnosis.
Résumé— Une sensibilisation a l'acarien de la poussière de maison, Dermatophagoides farinae , est demontrée par tests cutanés et dosage d'immunoglobulines IgG specifiques d'allergenes sur 15/20 chiens atteints de gale sarcoptique prouvée par la presence de nombreux sarcoptes aux raclages cutanés. Après traitement, aucun chien n'a présenté des signes cliniques de dermatite atopique. Les tests cutanés intradermiques et 40 plus des posages IgG pour Dermatophagoides farinae sont negatifs 90 à 180 jours après le diagnostic initial. [Prélaud, P., Guaguère, E. Sensitisation to the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae , in dogs with sarcoptic mange (Une sensitisation à l'acarien de la poussière de maison sur les chiens atteints de gale sarcoptique).     

A Case of a Dermatobia hominis Infection in a Dog in The Netherlands

Abstract— The first case of a Dermatobia hominis infection in a dog in the The Netherlands is described. The dog was imported from Brazil. The life cycle of the parasite and the therapeutic measures are emphasized.
Zusammenfassung— Beschrieben wird der erste Fall einer Dermatobia hominis —Infektion bei einem Hund in den Niederlanden. Der Hund wurde aus Brasilien eingeführt. Der Lebenszyklus des Parasiten und die therapeutischen Maßriahmen werden behandelt.
Resumen  En el presente artículo se describe el primer caso de infección causada por Dematobia hominis en Holanda. El perro habia sido importado desde Brasil. Se describe la vida del parásito y las medidas terapéuticas.     

Sarcoptic mange and production performance of swine: A review of the literature and studies of associations between mite infestation, growth rate and measures of mange severity in growing pigs

Cost-effective control of sarcoptic mange requires knowledge of the effects of the disease on production. This paper presents a critical review of the literature on the association between sarcoptic mange and reduced production performance of swine. One of the difficulties in interpreting inconsistent findings among studies is lack of information about the severity of disease, which is likely to vary considerably. Lack of standard methods and failure to quantify disease severity preclude meaningful interpretation of experimental results in commercial production. Three experiments with growing pigs were conducted to evaluate associations between sarcoptic mite infestation and growth rate, and to assess pruritic behaviour and mite-induced lesions at slaughter as indices of mange severity. Sarcoptic mange was associated with increased pruritic behaviour and the presence of papular dermatitis at slaughter. Pruritic behaviour decreased over time despite reinfestation and may be subject to numerous behavioural influences. Growth rate tended to be slower in mange infested pigs, but a significant effect of mange infestation on average daily gain was found in only one trial, in which the severity of skin lesions at slaughter was greatest. These observations suggest that the production effects of mange infestation of growing pigs are variable. Evaluating dermatitis lesions at slaughter may be an objective means for assessing the severity of mange infestation and for relating experimental results to commercial swine production.     

A Spontaneously Regressing Pseudolymphoma in a Dog Resembling Pseudo-Hodgkin's Disease

Abstract— A case report of a dog with a lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorder of the skin, third eyelids and lymph nodes is presented. Skin biopsies showed a nodular to diffuse cellular proliferation of lymphohistiocytic cells with many cytological features of malignancy. Numerous Reed-Sternberg cells were present. The pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma with cytological features of Hodgkin's disease. The dog experienced a spontaneous remission which has lasted for over three years. Résumé— Le cas clinique d'un chien présentant un désordre prolifératif lymphohistiocytaire de la peau, des troisièmes paupières et des ganglions lymphatiques est présenté. Des biopsies de peau ont motré une prolifération de nature nodulaire à diffuse des cellules lymphohistiocytaires avec plusieurs caractères cytologiques de malignité. De nombreuses cellules de Reed-Sternberg étaient présentes. Le diagnostic histologique était celui d'un lymphome malin avec des signes cytologiques de maladie de Hodgkin. Le chien a presénté une rémission spontanée qui a duré plus de 3 ans. Zusammenfassung— Der Fallbericht eines Hundes mit einer lymphohistiozytären, proliferativen Erkrankung von Haut, Nickhäuten und Lymphknoten wird beschrieben. Die Untersuchung von Hautbiopsien erbrachte eine noduläre bis diffuse zelluläre Proliferation der lymphohistiozytären Zellen mit zahlreichen zytologischen Anzeichen für maligne Veränderungen. Zahlreiche Reed-Sternberg-Zellen traten auf. Die pathologische Diagnose lautete “malignes Lymphom mit zytologischen Merkmalen der Hodgkinschen Erkrankung”. Es kam zu einer spontanen Remission, die sich über drei Jahre erstreckte. Resumen Se describe un caso de una enfermedad linfohistiocítica proliferativa que afectaba a la piel, al tercer párpado y a los ganglios linfáticos. Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron una proliferación nodular a difusa de células linfoides con características de malignidad. Se apreciaban numerosas células de Reed-Sternberg. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue linfoma maligno con características citológicas de enfermedad de Hodgkin. El perro sufrió una remisión espontánea que duró más de tres años.     

A Short-tailed Demodectic Mite and Demodex canis Infestation in a Chihuahua Dog

Abstract— Infestation with short-tailed demodectic mites and Demodex canis was diagnosed in an 8-month-old male Chihuahua dog. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecia and scaling on the ventral aspects of the chest, all four limbs, the ventral aspect of the neck and around the eyes. Both Demodex canis and a short-tailed demodectic mite were observed on skin scrapings. After 4 months of amitraz dip treatments, skin scrapings were negative and hair regrowth appeared.
Résumé— Une infestation à Demodex (forme courte) et à Demodex canis est diagnostiquée sur un Chihuahua, mâle de 8 mois. Les lésions cutanées sont caractérisées par une alopécie squameuse du thorax, des quatre membres, du cou et autour des yeux. Les raclages cutanés montrent la présence de Demodex canis et de Demodex sp. (forme courte). Après 4 mois de traitement à l'amitraz, les raclages cutanés sont négatifs et une repousse des poils est observée. [Chen, C. A short-tailed demodectic mite and Demodex canis infestation in a Chihuahua dog (Infestation à Demodex canis et à Demodex (forme courte) chez un Chihuahua).     

Identification and heterologous expression of a Sarcoptes scabiei cDNA encoding a structural antigen with immunodiagnostic potential

The mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes sarcoptic mange (or scabies), a disease of considerable human and veterinary significance. An S. scabiei cDNA clone of about 2 kb was isolated from a S. scabiei var. hominis expression library by immunological screening using blood serum from a naturally infected chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). The nucleotide sequence of the identified cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1930 bp that encodes a 642 amino acid polypeptide. This polypeptide shows tandem repeats of a glycine-serine rich 20 residue sequence followed by a unique C-terminal glutamate rich 54 residue sequence. The cDNA or the deduced polypeptide did not show significant similarities to any of the sequences in the databases. A carboxyl-terminal fragment of this polypeptide (residues 380 to 642) was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with Glutathione S-transferase and then was used to produce a specific antiserum. The antigen encoded by the cDNA was located at the integument of the mite's epidermis and the cavities surrounding its vital organs. Western blot analysis of mite extracts using the specific antiserum against the recombinant protein identified antigens larger that 60 kDa indicating that the isolated cDNA did not contain the full ORF. Moreover, we designed a diagnostic assay based on the carboxyl-terminal fragment of the antigen for the identification of infected animals.     

Necrolytic Migratory Erythema in a Dog with a Glucagon-Secreting Endocrine Tumor

Abstract— A 5-year-old mongrel dog developed necrolytic migratory erythema secondary to a glucagon-secreting α cell tumor. The dog was anemic, glucose intolerant, and hyperglucagonemic but liver function tests were within normal limits. Metastatic tumor cells were found in the liver but the primary tumor was not identified.
Résumé— Un chien croisé mâle de 5 ans a développé un Erythème nécrolytique migrant secondaire à un glucayonome. L'animal était anémié, présentait une intolérance au glucose et une hyperglucagonémie, avec des tests fontcionnels hépatiques dans les limites des valeurs usuelles. Des cellules métastaiques tumorales ont été retrouvées dans le foie, mais la tumeur primitive n'a pas été identifiée.
Zusamenfassung —Ein 5 Jahr alter Mischingshund entwickelte sekundär auf einen Glukagon-sezernierenden Tumor ein nekroyltisches Erythema migrans. Das Tier war anämisch, Glukose-intolerant und hyperglukagonämische; die Leberfunktionstests befanden sich jedoch innerhalb normaler Grenzwerte. Matastatische Tumorzellen waren in der Leber nachweisbar, der Primärtumor konnte jedoch nicht identifizert werden.
Resumen  Un perro cruzado de 5 años desarrollo un eritema necrolítico migratorio, secundario a un tumor de celulas secretoras de glucógeno. El perro era anémico, presentaba intolerancia a la glucosa, e hiperglucogenia, pero los resultados de los tests que evaluaban la función hepática feuron normales. Se encontraron células tumorales metastásicas procedentes del hígado, pero el tumor primario no se identificó. Se encontraron células tumorales metastásicas procedentes del hígado, pero el tumor primario no se identificicó.     

Alopecia Mucinosa (Follicular Mucinosis) in a Dog

Abstract— A 10-year-old male Labrador Retriever dog presented with alopecia and scaling that was extensive in the head and limb regions and patchy over the trunk. The major histopathological feature was degeneration of the outer root sheath with disruption of keratinocytes and formation of cystic spaces filled with mucin. A diagnosis of follicular mucinosis was made. This case report represents the first case of this syndrome in the canine species.
Résumé— Un Labrador, mâle de 10 ans est présenté pour une alopécie squameuse, extensive, de la tête, des membres, et en "taches" sur le tronc. La lésion histopathologique principale est une dégénérescence de la gaine externe du poil avec dislocation des kératinocytes et la formation d'espaces kystiques remplis de mucine. Un diagnostic de mucinose folliculaire a été fait. Ce caqs est le premier décrit chez le chien. [Bell, A., Oliver, F. Alopecia mucinosa (follicular mucinosis) in a dog (Alopecia Mucinosa (mucinose folliculaire) chez un chien).     

印楝油氯仿提取物杀螨活性成分的分离纯化及其生物学活性

将印楝油氯仿提取物经硅胶柱层析和丙酮重结晶进行生物活性跟踪分离纯化,并运用互补重对数模型(CCL模型)分析活性化合物的离体生物活性,求出半数致死浓度(LC50)和半数致死时间(LT50).结果显示,从印楝油氯仿提取物中分离出一种白色雪花状丙酮结晶物,熔点为60～61℃,经结构鉴定为18-碳酸-3,4-呋喃二酯,其对兔疥螨幼虫的杀螨活性呈时间浓度依赖性,24 h的LC50和LC90分别为0.0818和9.842 4 g/L,7.500 g/L时的LT50和LT90分剐为15.332 4 h和24.678 4 h.这表明印楝油氯仿提取物的杀螨活性成分主要为酯类物质,对兔疥螨具有较强的杀螨活性.     

Clinical Picture and Antibody Response in Pigs Infected by Sarcoptes scabiei var, suis

Abstract— Clinical signs and antibody responses were observed in juvenile SPF-pigs experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis and in neonatal pigs born to a sow cronically infected with S. scabiei. Mange became evident after 2–3 weeks. Three SPF-pigs, which were infected twice, developed clinical signs a few days earlier than three other SPF-pigs infected once. Serum antibodies to S. scabiei were demonstrated by an ELISA, using an extract of S. scabiei var. vulpes as an antigen, 5–7 weeks after the experimental infection and significant levels of antibody to S. scabiei were seen during the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Pruritus was seen at 4 days of age in piglets born to the infected sow. Maternal antibodies to S. scabiei were demonstrated within 6 h reaching mean maximum levels between 24 and 48 h after birth. Résumé— Les symptômes et la réponse anticorps chez des pores SPF infestés expérimentalement par Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis et des porcelets nouveaux nés dans une porcherie infectée chroniquement par Sarcoptes scabiei one étéétudiés. La gale est apparue au bout de deux à trois semaines. Trois pores SPF, qui ont été infectés deux fois, ont présenté des symptômes quelques jours avant trois porcelet SPF infectés une seule fois. Les anticorps spécifiques de Sarcoptes scabiei ont été mis en évidence par une technique EIA, utilisant comme antigène des extraits de Sarcoptes scabiei tar. vulpes, 5 à 7 semaines après l'inoculmation. Des taux significatifs ont été observés tant pendant la phase aigue aue la phase chronique de la maladie. Le prurit était observé dès l'âge de 4 jours pour les porcelets nés dans la porcherie infectée. Des anticorps maternels spécifiques Sarcoptes scabiei ont été mis en evidence dès la sixième heure, avec des pics maximum entre 24 et 48 heures après la mise-bas.     

Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in a closed pig breeding and fattening herd and control possibilities after treatment

On an Austrian pig breeding and finishing farm containing 13,000 pigs a mange prevalence of 38.7% according to the results of the skin scraping and 28.2% based on serology was determined. Due to the insufficient treatment (single treatment of the sows using Phoxim [Sebacil pour on]), sustainable control was impossible. That could be confirmed by the high number of mange positive gilts and finishing pigs. Before eradication started the following prevalences of mange could be found: sows 6.74% (skin scrapings), respectively 6.18% (serologically), gilts 18.18% resp 28.67%, finishing pigs 54.35% and 38.58%. The breeding stock for eradication was treated with doramectin (Dectomax) injectable solution and the finishing pigs with Ivomec-praemix, both applied twice. The success of treatment of the different farm units and of different age groups was controlled for the following ten months by combined diagnostic methods. In addition to skin scrapings, serum and colostral samples were carried out using a commercially available ELISA licensed for investigation of blood serum and colostrum. After treatment antibodies in the serum of the sows and gilts and Sarcoptes mites in their skin scrapings were detectable for up to four months after treatment. In serum samples of piglets and colostrum samples antibodies against Sarcoptes mites were detectable up to five months after final treatment. Due to the higher level and longer verifiability of antibodies in blood samples of piglets for five months after treatment and high prevalences their use as a diagnostic tool can be recommended. In contrast the use of colostral samples for routine diagnosis should be investigated more thoroughly. The comparison of the results of different diagnostic methods showed that for reliable mange diagnosis combined methods are recommended.     

Experimental transmission of a goat strain of Sarcoptes scabiei to desert sheep and its treatment with ivermectin

Desert sheep were experimentally infected with a goat strain of Sarcoptes scabiei, proving that this mite is not completely host specific. More severe lesions were produced on sheep when the mites were applied to lacerated than when applied to scarified or non-scarified areas. Lesions were more pronounced on moistened areas than dry areas and lesions produced on dry scarified areas resembled those produced on non-scarified moistened ones. Skin scrapings from the experimental lesions in the sheep contained numerous mites of all stages, proving the goat mites had become well established and were reproducing actively in the experimental lesions. Severe histopathological changes were observed in skin sections, comprising mainly thick crust formation, mites beneath the keratin and severe degenerative and necrotic changes. Treatment of sheep with ivermectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms kg-1 body weight produced rapid and excellent cure.