桑枝木屑袋栽香菇技术

<正>我实验室从1989年开始，利用桑枝木屑为主要栽培原料，配以蚕粪、麸皮、玉米粉进行香菇栽培试验,生物效率达70—90％之多。用桑枝木屑生产的香菇柄短,盖厚,菇     

利用湖桑枝条栽培香菇试验

以全桑枝木屑、全杂木屑、桑木屑与杂木屑混合物分别为培养基，并分别采用泌阳模式和古田模式栽培香菇试验。结果表明，以全桑枝木屑为培养基，采用古田栽培模式，生产的香菇产量高、质量好，净利润较全杂木屑培养基栽培香菇高40.0%-44.6%。     

黔中地区檫木造林试验初报

檫木(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl)是樟科落叶大乔木,具有生长迅速、材质坚韧緻密、木材纹理美观,具芳香、用途广等优点。目前已成为南方丘陵地区广泛栽培的重要速生用材树     

菌株树种配套试验研究

“菌株树种配套试验”项目作为省科委重点课题《菇耳专用林定向培育和菌株树种配套试验》的子课题之一，从1989年以来，共完成段木香菇栽培1720段，占任务的115％，段木木耳完成1076段，占任务的154％，袋栽香菇7800袋，占任务的130％，袋栽木耳4000袋，占任务的114％，栽培菇耳产量已达到或超过合同指标。投入产出比为1：18。筛选出L26和L507菌株与丝栗栲等树种配套栽培香菇的苗树最佳配对，对参试树种木屑栽培食用菌产量达到合同计划指标，同时摸索了一条枫香、千年桐等主要速生树种适宜栽培的食用菌菌种与栽培方式，为进一步开展菌树配套技术研究提供了科学依据。     

象草木屑混合栽培优质花菇试验初报

采用象草和杂木屑混合栽培花菇生产技术，在培养基中添加２５％、４１．５％、５８．４５％象草进行了一系列栽培试验，结果表明，培养料中加２５％～３５％象草粉进行香菇栽培，同样能够生产出优质、高产花菇。     

厚朴木屑栽培袋料香菇试验研究

通过厚朴木屑与一般硬杂木屑袋栽香菇对比试验，厚朴木屑为基质栽培袋料香菇对香菇产量、出菇期、菌棒产菇数量、菇体大小、菇形及花菇的数量均无显著的影响，因此，厚朴木屑完全适宜栽培袋料香菇。此外，厚朴基质中没有树皮，研究结果表明在合理的辅料作用下，基质中的树皮含量不影响香菇的产量、质量。     

檫树引种造林结果调查与分析

檫树(Sassafras tzumu Hemsl))属樟科,为中亚热带树种.它生长快,材质好,用途广,是南方用材林基地的重要造林树种之一.70年代中期,本县曾进行了引种造林试验,现已取得良好结果.1 檫树的生物学特性檫树喜温暖湿润、雨量充沛的气候,以在平均温度12°～20℃、年降雨量1000毫米以上、土层深厚的酸性土壤上生长最佳.而本县的年平均温度为15°～16℃,年降水量     

用提取樟油后的樟叶栽培平菇

取油后的樟叶是一种较好的食用菌栽培原料。试验表明,樟叶培养料比木屑培养料鲜菇产量可增加20—30%,但出菇时间推迟,添加木屑等其他原料可缩短栽培期。该项试验可充分发挥樟叶的应用潜力,具有显著的经济效益。     

浙江省几种常见树种花的构造

我们在长期的教学实践中,解剖观察了本省一些常见树种花都构造特征,发现有几种与过去的记述不太一致,现将观察结果描述如下,供植物学及林业工作者讨论和参考。檫树Sassafras tzumu(Hemsl.)Hemsl.隶属樟科(Lauraceae)檫树属(Sassafras     

美洲黑杨引种试验及开发利用

试验结果表明：美洲黑杨完全适应景宁的气候条件,具有很强的耐寒性和速生性;培育一般用材林,栽植后１０年即可主伐;培育菇木林、栽植后３－４年即可采伐利用。现有研究结果已表明,美洲黑杨木屑栽培香菇比混合木屑产量高６．９％,用以种植黑木耳比常规混合木屑产量增加７．７％。景宁是香菇、黑木耳的主产区,引各推广美洲黑杨,并引进美洲黑杨菇、耳超短轮伐期两用林营建技术,开展杨树木屑栽培袋料香菇、木耳最佳基质配比的研     

Survival, growth, timber productivity and site index of Cordia alliodora in forestry and agroforestry systems

Matching tree species to appropriate site conditions and stand management is crucial for sound agroforestry production. In this study, survival, growth and site index for laurel (Cordia alliodora (Ruiz and Pavón) Oken.) were measured between 1987–1999 in two forestry (line plantings and pure plantations) and four agroforestry systems (taungya and three laurel – cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) systems) in the lowland humid tropics of Costa Rica and Panama. Mortality ranged between 2 and 52% at age nine years. Poor drainage, flooding and high water tables resulted in low laurel survival on some sites. At age 5, laurel site index was 21 m in cacao – plantain (Musa AAB) – laurel associations (CLP), but only 15 m in line plantings. Diameter at breast height at that age was 28.5 cm in CLP and only 15.6 cm in pure plantations. Laurel growth and site index were high when planted in association with intensively managed crops (e.g., cacao, plantain or taungya sequences).     

Occurrence,morphology and taxonomic implications of crystalline and siliceous inclusions in the secondary xylem of the lauraceae and related families

Summary Crystalline inclusions were observed in more than 50%, silica in nearly 20% of about 1500 wood specimens representing ±750 species from 40 genera of the laurel family. Both types of inorganic cell deposits are described and classified with regard to composition, habit, size, degree of isolation and location. Their diagnostic value and taxonomic implications on the specific, generic and suprageneric level are discussed with respect to intra as well as extrafamiliar relationships.Presented at the IUFRO-Symposium on Wood Quality and the Utilization of Tropical Species, October 30 – November 3, 1978, Los Banos, Philippines.     

Phytochemical and antiprotozoal activity of Ocotea lancifolia

Thirteen known isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from Ocotea lancifolia, popularly known as < canela pilosa > in Brasil and < laurel né > by the Guarani people which means smell laurel. Their activities against the promastigote forms of three Leishmania strains and the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated, as well as their hepatocytotoxicity. Among them, the noraporphine alkaloid (-) caaverine has shown the most interesting antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania and T. cruzi parasites.     

Occurrence and pathogenicity of Phytophthora × cambivora on Prunus laurocerasus in Serbia

Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is a native plant species in Serbian forests, but is also widely used for ornamental plantings. Following two extremely wet summers in 2014 and 2015, in spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, numerous cherry laurel plants with symptoms indicative for Phytophthora diseases, like wilting and chlorosis of leaves, dieback and bleeding bark necroses, were recorded in a park in Belgrade and in two ornamental nurseries in central Serbia. From necrotic bark samples and rhizosphere soil, self‐sterile Phytophthora isolates with woolly colonies were obtained. Due to the production of ellipsoid and elongated, non‐papillate sporangia in water and of ornamented oogonia with two‐celled antheridia in mating tests with tester strains of both Phytophthora × cambivora and P. cryptogea, these isolates were identified as P. ×cambivora which was confirmed by ITS sequence analysis. Pathogenicity of P. ×cambivora from cherry laurel (PCCL) was tested by inoculating one‐year‐old seedlings of cherry laurel under the bark. P. ×cambivora from European beech (PCB), and isolates of P. cactorum (CAC), P. cryptogea (CRY), P. plurivora (PLU) and P. ×serendipita (SER) were included as comparison. Three and a half months after inoculation, nine of the twelve plants in PCB, three in PCCL and CAC and two in PLU declined with longitudinal necroses and chlorosis, wilting and premature shedding of leaves. These results demonstrate the ability of P. ×cambivora to infect and cause decline of cherry laurel plants. The particularly high aggressiveness of the P. ×cambivora isolate from beech shows that this pathogen poses a serious risk to cherry laurel in the rare natural communities of cherry laurel and beech in Serbia.     

Compositional and structural differences in two laurel forest stands (windward and leeward) on Tenerife, Canary Islands

The laurel forest of Anaga is the most emblematic community of the Canarian Archipelago. Restoration programs are being developed to increase laurel forest area on the island of Tenerife. Structural and spatial characteristics determine many aspects of the community, including regeneration patterns, disturbance level, stand history. In spite of the importance of this information for restoration, few quantitative studies have been conducted on laurel forest dynamics. We analyzed two stands of the Anaga laurel forest of different aspect. The main difference between the two sites was the wind exposure, one leeward and the other windward. Regeneration, spatial distribution of regeneration, tree species composition, asexual regeneration and environmental parameters were analyzed in three 50 × 50 m plots at each site. Both sites differ in important aspects such as species richness, species composition, asexual regeneration and dead tree composition, while they are not different in basal area, density, density of regeneration and density of dead trees. Both sites have had similar management in the last century. Asexual regeneration is able to maintain the present species composition, while sexual regeneration is able to offer future changes in the canopy composition. Regeneration strategies and the effect of some environmental characteristics should be considered in restoration programs.     

木材细胞中二氧化硅的吸收、运输与聚积

硅石在很多木材细胞中都可见(如紫果冷杉、樟科等),它与木材本身构成了一种复合材料即木材/无机质复合材,使木材的物理力学性能得以改善,克服了木材自身的一些缺陷(如易腐、易燃、尺寸不稳定性、各向异性等).作者根据前人对木材细胞中二氧化硅(SiO2)的分布、形态和含量的初步分析,归纳总结木材细胞中二氧化硅(SiO2)的形成过程及其影响因素即木材细胞中SiO2的吸收、运输及聚积,影响木材细胞中SiO2的吸收、运输及聚积的因素,为进一步研究木材细胞中硅生物矿化的形成过程做准备.     

Floristic and structural recovery of a laurel forest community after clear-cutting: A 60 years chronosequence on La Palma (Canary Islands)

We analyzed a post-clearcut chronosequence (0.5 to 60 years after harvesting) in the laurel forest of La Palma island (Canarian Archipelago) to determine the recovery of the stands with respect to species composition, richness, life strategies and structural parameters of the canopy. Multivariate analysis showed that exotic species, as well as annual ruderal species were confined to early-successional stages, while native perennials, typical of laurel forests, dominated the late-successional stages. Total species richness decreased significantly with time after clear-cutting. The relative fast recovery of understory native species may be due to low forest floor disturbance during harvesting. Shade-intolerant pioneer, pioneer-remnant and shade-tolerant late-successional species were the main life strategies of native tree species. Most structural parameters showed a continuous and monotonic increase (basal area, biomass) or decrease (density, percentage of photosynthetic biomass) during succession. Once clear-cutting, here performed with an interval of 8 years, is abandoned, the recovery of the laurel forest seems possible due to careful logging that protects the soil and a rapid asexual regeneration of native tree species, revealing this to be a sustainable management practice.     

Comparison of biological parameters between the invasive B biotype and a new defined Cv biotype of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Aleyradidae) in China

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a widely distributed and destructive agricultural pest on various host plants. The biology of two biotypes of B. tabaci: the invasive B and a new defined Cv biotype, on a range of host plants (hibiscus, laurel, poinsettia, collard, cucumber and tomato) were studied in the laboratory. Results revealed that the developmental periods of the B biotype immatures were not significantly different on the tested host plants except those between laurel and collard. The Cv biotype immatures developed significantly slower on cucumber and tomato than on the other plants. B. tabaci B biotype had the highest survivorship on collard (68.55%), and the lowest on laurel (33.24%), while the Cv biotype had the highest and lowest survivorships on laurel (61.63%) and tomato (36.74%). Host plants did not significantly affect the pre-ovipostion period regardless of biotype. The longest averaged longevity and highest fecundity of B biotype were both recorded on collard: 25.15 days and 143.0 eggs. The highest fecundity of Cv biotype was 196.49 eggs on laurel and its longest longevity was on hibiscus (19.62 days). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m) of B biotype on the three vegetables were all higher than those on the three ornamentals whereas the r _m of Cv biotype on the three ornamentals were all higher that those on the three vegetables. Our research indicates that B. tabaci B and Cv biotypes have different host plant suitabilities. The three tested vegetables were more suitable for B biotype while the three tested ornamental plants were more suitable for Cv biotype. The potential mechanism for the different suitability of B and Cv biotypes on various host plants is also discussed.     

Desiccation and storage behavior of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds

The effect of seed moisture content (m.c.) and seed storage conditions of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) was investigated in relation to seed viability. In the first experiment, the effect of drying rate on seed moisture and seed germination was investigated. Fresh seeds, with their original moisture content displayed a germination percentage of 55.1%. When the seed moisture content was reduced by 2.0% in an oven, the germination percentage rose to 81.0%. When the seed moisture content was reduced even more by using the same method, the germination percentages decreased dramatically. Reducing the seed moisture content to 28.7 and 23.5% by drying the seeds in alternating room conditions resulted in an increase of seed germinability to 84.3 and 90.9%, respectively. The drying of the seeds for 45, 60 and 75 days reduced their seed germination to 66.8, 49.4 and 48.0%, respectively. Reducing seed moisture content below 15.0% resulted in practically nullifying seed germinability. The fact that bay laurel seeds cannot retain their germinability at lower moisture contents demonstrates that it is a species with recalcitrant seeds. In the second experiment, moist and dry storage conditions were tested under different temperatures and moisture contents. The storage experiment showed that the most effective way of conserving the bay laurel seeds is moist storage at 0 ± 1°C for 4 months without previous drying of the seeds.     

广东省樟科植物资源调查与园林应用研究

通过采取野外实地调查、标本与资料查阅相结合的方法对广东省樟科植物资源进行总结,在此基础上,分析其资源分布规律与开发利用方式。结果表明：广东省樟科植物共14属142种（包括4个栽培种）14变种。在水平分布上,以粤西和粤北分布种类最多;垂直分布以海拔400～1000 m分布种类最多。属的分布区类型以热带、亚热带为主。研究发现共53种植物可作为观赏植物且可应用于城市园林绿化。此外,探讨了樟科植物资源特点与园林应用中存在的问题,并对其资源的开发利用作了展望。