LAND RESTORATION WITH PULVERIZED FUEL ASH

Experiments were carried out with different depths of added topsoil, with different methods of cultivation and with different rates of application of fertilizers on an ash disposal site near Newark. Good yields of hay and wheat were obtained and were shown to vary systematically with the treatment of the plots. Good yields of wheat were obtained with a top dressing of 125 kg N/ha even on bare ash but, in contrast with the yields of DM from grass, yields of grain tended to increase with increasing depth of added soil. This pattern appeared to be influenced by the variations in spring rainfall. There appeared to be no adverse effects of uptake of trace elements from the ash.     

AN ECONOMIC INVESTIGATION INTO FARMING ON LAND RESTORED WITH PULVERIZED FUEL ASH

An economic survey was carried out on sites in various regions of the Central Electricity Generating Board which had been restored with pulverized fuel ash. The ohject was to investigate the degree of success which could be achieved in restoring gravel pits and other ash disposal sites to agricultural use. Almost all of the sites had been incorporated into existing holdings and nearly all had the benefit of returned topsoil. The investigation showed that such land is as productive as land of a similar but undisturbed character when both are subject to similar conditions of good husbandry. Topsoil, where available, allows for greater flexibility in husbandry matters and particularly in cultivations.     

绿色液体燃料-大豆生物柴油的制备研究

大豆生物柴油是一种对环境友好的、可再生的生物质燃料,大豆生物柴油的应用可以减少人类对矿物燃料的依赖,而且可以大大减少对环境的污染.试验分别利用精制大豆油和煎炸废油成功制得符合国内外现有质量标准的大豆生物柴油.     

GRASSLAND IN THE RESTORATION OF OPENCAST COAL SITES IN YORKSHIRE

In the rehabilitation of land disturbed by opencast coal workings, the place of grass and clover is an important one, and is two-fold. In the first place, the sward is of value as a soil improver, and, secondly, under the right conditions, grassland can contribute substantially to the economic farming of this land. In Yorkshire, we feel that both these factors can operate so that well-farmed grassland can improve the physical condition of the soil, and, at the same time give the farmer, when his land is returned to him, a reasonable profit in retum for his endeavours and extra financial outlay.     

WHITE CLOVER AND HILL LAND IMPROVEMENT

As a preliminary step in the development of improved bred varieties an examination has been made of the factors which contribute to the success or failure of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) in hill land reseeding. Severe restrictions are placed on clover performance and N fixation in many hill areas in Britain by the poor climate, the low pH and exchangeable base status of the soils and the low frequency of effective indigenous Rhizobium strains.
Agronomic solutions to some of these problems exist, but experience in mid-Wales suggests the need for new bred varieties with improved adaptation to the prevailing conditions, particular attention being directed to the limitation of N fixation by low soil temperature.     

豆油乙二醇乙醚酯生物柴油燃料特性研究

以乙二醇乙醚和精制大豆油在金属钠催化下合成出了豆油乙二醇乙醚酯生物柴油,考察了该生物柴油作为替代燃料在性能方面与柴油的差别;研究了作为柴油添加剂,其加入量对混合燃料性能的影响.结果表明,豆油乙二醇乙醚酯生物柴油的燃料特性达到了国外生物柴油生产标准,可以直接作为柴油使用,也可与矿物柴油掺舍使用,提高了柴油的使用性能.     

PROBLEMS IN ESTABLISHING DRY–LAND PASTURES IN RHODESIA

Among the many problems of pasture establishment in Rhodesia, those which appear the most serious are: (a) poor seed germination, leading to patchy and weak seedling growth; (b) erratic rainfall, in which heavy storms are followed by hot, dry periods; (c) soil crusting, which forms a surface layer impenetrable from below by the seedling, and from above by rainwater; (d) weed competition, where rank and copious weed growth suppresses establishment of pasture seedlings. Suggestions are made as to how these problems might be overcome.     

THE POTENTIAL OF LOTUS spp. FOR HILL LAND IN WALES

Thirty-four introductions of Lotus corniculatus and L. uliginosus , obtained from Europe, North America and New Zealand, were grown in plots with Aberystwyth S23 ryegrass at three centres in Wales (230–400 m a. s. 1.) to assess their potential as legumes for poor acid hill soils. The control white clover varieties were generally successful in these difficult conditions, whereas all the Lotus introductions were poor in two experiments and in the third experiment gave way to volunteer white clover by the third harvest year. These results indicate that none of the numerous Lotus varieties tested would be a useful addition to pasture seeds mixtures for hill lands in Wales.     

HILL SOILS AND GRASSLANDS IN BRECKNOCKSHIRE: A STUDY OF POTENTIAL LAND USE

The present and potential land use of rough hill pastures in Brecknockshire has been investigated. The interests of the Brecon Beacons National Park, reservoir, Forestry Commission and commonland need not compete, but could be complementary. Areas containing a high proportion of the podzolized soils carry the most nutritious pastures, rich in Agrostis and Vaccinium , and agreement amongst the commoners could ensure they are grazed to the limit of their productivity. In the absence of afforestation, the grazing of superior pastures around the peaks of the Fforest Fawr-Brecon Beacons range is consistent with the interests of both the National Park and reservoir authorities, although the erosion hazard is greater. The S. and E. directed spurs of Drygarn, the N. E. plateau of Mynydd Eppynt and the S. W. flanks of the Black Mountains have similarly productive hill pastures. Areas such as the long back-slopes of the Fforest Fawr-Brecon Beacons range and higher land of Drygarn contain a high proportion of peaty gleyed soils under Molinetum , They provide inferior grazing but support the most productive forests, chiefly of Sitka spruce. By agreement amongst the commoners, where they are known, these areas could be leased to the Forestry Commission for afforestation. However, because common rights are so obscure, prior legislation would probably be necessary. Until their recent destruction, the uplands supported woodland and afforestation of selected areas need not be regarded as incongruous. It would also open up otherwise inaccessible places.     

三江平原已垦沼泽地大豆优化施肥模式的研究

对已垦沼泽地大豆氮磷钾施肥种类、施肥适宜比例以及适宜施肥量方面进行了试验。结果表明,已垦沼泽地种植大豆需要施磷肥,并补充一定量的钾肥,适宜比例为Ｎ：Ｐ２Ｏ５：Ｋ２Ｏ＝１：２：０．３;适宜公顷施肥量为Ｎ：３４．５ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５：６９．５ｋｇ,Ｋ２Ｏ：１０．３ｋｇ。     

SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTPUT OF STARCH EQUIVALENT FROM GRAZING LAND ON UPLAND DAIRY FARMS

Grazing records and cost records have been analysed from 19 dairy farms, all situated at least 400 feet above sea level, in order to determine the effect of height and of increased expenditure on the level of output of starch equivalent, and to investigate whether these farms have special problems not met with on lowland farms. The analysis shows a very marked influence of height on output and a low, statistically non-significant, correlation between costs and yields. The low correlation between costs and yields is reviewed and reasons are suggested why a higher correlation was not found. Finally the fall in output with increasing height of farm is related to costs in order to quantify the economic disability of the upland dairy farm.     

渭北旱塬油菜茎象甲药剂防治方法与效果

油菜茎象甲田间防治试验表明：５０％氧化乐果乳剂１０００倍液和２．５％溴氢菊酯乳剂４０００倍液喷雾对成虫的防治效果较好。春季始盛期喷药优于秋季。氧化乐果羊毛脂、久效磷羊毛脂和氧化乐果聚乙烯醇涂茎剂防治幼虫的效果较好。化学防治应以春季成虫出土始盛期药剂喷雾为主，辅以幼虫初期涂茎剂防治。     

低湿地台田大豆机械化耕种技术研究

台田是低湿地抗涝的有效措施,本文报导了低湿地弃耕条件下台田大豆机械化的耕种技术,其中包括深松筑台,旋耕播种等技术环节和相应地配套机具。为低湿地开发和改变大豆低产面貌找到了有效途径。     

我国南方大豆地方品种农艺和品质性状的遗传参数分析

由南方13省区的3769份夏大豆地方品种按省分层随机抽样而得的143份材料组成地方群体;由20份南方夏大豆推广品种及品系组成改良群体,在南京两年三重复试验表明,南方地方群体主要特点是晚熟(132.56天),秆较矮(58.05cm),中粒(14.34g/100粒),底荚高(18.47cm),分枝中等(3.86),产量低(1199.25kg/ha),蛋白质含量高(43.73％)、脂肪含量中等(20.19％)。该群体农艺和品质性状具有丰富的遗传变异,并由5％相对遗传进展特点将45个性状分为,GSI:极大(>40％);GSⅡ:大(40％—10％);GSⅢ:中等(10％—5％);GSⅣ:一定(<5％)等四类,其中GSⅠ、GSⅡ类多属产量、生育期、粒茎比、株高、百粒重等农艺性状,GSⅢ、GSⅣ类多属蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组分、脂肪含量等品质性状。     

应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治香蕉扁黑象甲的研究

1988—1990年,淋或喷施苹果巍蛾线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae)3～6×10~6条/株水悬浮液至越冬留头蕉茎上,防治香蕉扁黑象甲越冬幼虫并兼治蛹和成虫,取得了较好的效果,幼虫、蛹、成虫的死亡率分別为73％～90％,68％～92％,25％～80％,为香蕉扁黑象甲的防治开辟了新的、有效的途径。     

紫外分光光度法测定大豆中异黄酮的含量

建立一种测定大豆中异黄酮类成分含量的紫外分光光度法分析方法.以染料木素为对照品,利用染料木素与氢氧化钠产生反应,在271 nm波长处有最大吸收峰,用紫外分光光度法测定大豆中总异黄酮的含量.大豆中总异黄酮的含量为4.784 mg/g,加样回收率为100.9%,相对标准偏差为2.0%.方法简便、准确、重现性好,可作为检查大豆中异黄酮的含量的一种手段,适用于大豆及其保健品的日常分析和质量控制.     

GRAZING TRIALS WITH PERENNIAL RYEGRASSES IN IRELAND

Four varieties of perennial ryegrass are compared throughout the seeding year and the first four harvest years (1954–58). Two of the varieties, Irish 'commercial' and New Zealand, are of 'early' type; and the others, Glasnevin and S23 are, 'late'.
New Zealand gave the most grazing, 1% more than 'commercial' and Glasnevin, and 5% more than S23.
The 'early' varieties contrasted markedly with the 'lates' in seasonal growth.
In persistency and in resistance to invasion by unsown species, the 'lates' were better than the 'earlies' S23 was outstanding, and New Zealand had an advantage over 'commercial'. The 'earlies' were the more compatible with clover.
New Zealand appears to have most merit, but sowing of more than one variety may give better results.