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分析影响海南冬种瓜菜质量安全的原因:高温高湿的气候引起病虫发生严重和使用农药不科学是引发冬种瓜菜质量安全问题的主要原因。生产和流通环节的组织化程度较低,全程质量安全控制难以实施;科研基础比较薄弱;质量安全监管体系不完善等因素也是造成冬种瓜菜质量安全隐患较多的重要原因。提出提高海南冬种瓜菜质量安全水平的对策和建议:进一步加大宣传力度,提高全社会的质量安全意识;发挥专业合作社和龙头企业的带动作用;加强认证管理和品牌建设;加强监管体系建设;加强农资市场的监管;加强冬种瓜菜的科研和推广工作。 相似文献
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作为我国香蕉生产的主要产区,海南香蕉的生产对我国整个香蕉产业的发展具有重要的意义。文章首先分析了海南香蕉生产的自然生态条件优势、品质优势和产业基础优势。在此基础上,采用作物区域比较优势的分析方法,逐一通过对海南香蕉与其他香蕉主产区的比较优势分析、海南香蕉同海南省内其他5种热带水果的比较优势分析以及1988~2007年海南香蕉生产的比较优势变动分析,以综合评价海南省香蕉生产的比较优势。结果显示,海南省香蕉生产具有综合比较优势和规模优势,但却缺乏生产效率优势。根据分析结果,文章最后提出了一些相关的政策建议。 相似文献
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利用摄入法和点滴法测定高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、三唑磷、杀螟丹和杀虫双对海南中蜂工蜂的急性经口和接触毒性。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、三唑磷、杀螟丹和杀虫双对海南中蜂经口毒性(48 h)的LC50分别为3.845、2.527、1.518、0.363、26.866和38.187 mg/L,6种农药对海南中蜂接触毒性(24 h)的LD50分别为42.485、41.292、7.793、18.467、1 027.577和4 049.884 ng/蜂;6种农药对海南中蜂的经口毒性分别为高毒、高毒、高毒、剧毒、中毒和中毒,接触毒性除杀虫双为中毒外,其余均为高毒。 相似文献
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根据比较优势原理分析了海南省各市县民营天然橡胶生产比较优势状况,并通过CAD和PS绘图软件进行空间表达,结果表明:海南有8、11、7个县(市)民营天然橡胶生产分别具有规模优势、效率优势和综合比较优势,主要分布在海南中北部区域。海南省应按照比较优势的原理进行民营天然橡胶生产结构的调整,实现天然橡胶产业的合理布局,稳定产业发展。 相似文献
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文章探讨了海南实施名牌战略对发展热带高效农业的必要性和重要性,在海南实行高效农业名牌发展战略的基础,以及推进海南热带高效农业名牌发展战略的探讨。 相似文献
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本文利用贸易测算指标显性比较优势RCA、相对贸易优势RTA、贸易综合互补指数OBCij,等指标对我国各区域省份茶产品比较优势、竞争优势以及茶产品贸易流通的竞争性和互补性进行了实证研究,结果表明:(1)浙江、安徽、福建、江西、湖南、广西、云南、海南具有显性比较优势,而湖北、广东、重庆、四川、江苏等省份茶叶不具有比较优势;... 相似文献
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休闲和旅游之间既有交叉,又各有不同。基于对休闲与休闲产业理解,分析海南发展休闲产业的必要性与可行性,并提出海南发展休闲产业的对策建议。 相似文献
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茶皂素在农药上的应用研究概况 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文从茶皂素对有害生物的生物活性及其对农药的增效作用等方面阐述了茶皂素的研究进展,并就茶皂素的生物活性和增效作用机制进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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水稻穗期大螟药剂防治技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为有效控制水稻穗期大螟的危害,笔者针对性地开展了不同药剂、喷液量和用药时间等田间试验示范。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺、稻丰散、阿维·二嗪磷、阿维·三唑磷、阿维·杀螟松、乐果·三唑磷和唑磷·敌百虫等对大螟均具有理想的防治效果,可作为水稻穗期大螟的防治药剂。其中,氯虫苯甲酰胺和稻丰散不仅在大螟卵孵期使用效果好,而且对低龄幼虫的杀灭效果也较明显。在常规喷雾施药时,每hm2的喷液量以1 000 kg较为适宜。大螟偏重发生时,宜在卵孵始盛与高峰期连续用药2次,必要时,在低龄幼虫高峰期或田间危害始见期,再复查补充用药1次。 相似文献
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对6种不同杀虫剂防治茶角盲蝽的效果进行田间试验。结果表明:高渗吡虫啉、阿维菌素、毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、多杀霉素、鱼藤酮均是防治茶角盲蝽的有效药剂,其中以吡虫啉的总体防效最好。 相似文献
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化学杀虫剂对弱筋小麦籽粒安全性和品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了探索弱筋小麦优质、高效、安全生产的杀虫剂使用方法,以扬麦13为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,评价了三种化学杀虫剂在不同时期喷施对籽粒安全性和品质的影响。结果表明,三种化学杀虫剂在不同时期施用,均对小麦生长安全,不影响小麦的食用安全性。喷施化学杀虫剂后,显著降低籽粒蛋白质含量,显著提高淀粉含量,极显著提高蛋白质产量、淀粉产量和千粒重,RVA粘度特性大多数参数值上升,出粉率和弱化度显著提高,形成时间、稳定时间、评价值降低,而对拉伸仪参数无显著影响;吡虫啉和氧化乐果对品质改善的作用略大于毒死蜱。在抽穗开花期至花后7 d喷施,可获得较高的千粒重、蛋白质产量和淀粉产量,同时蛋白质含量较低,淀粉含量较高,粉质参数中形成时间、稳定时间较低,弱化度较高,更有利于弱筋小麦品质的形成;喷施时期对扬麦13直链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和RVA粘度特性参数、拉伸仪参数的影响较小,均未达到显著水平。药剂和喷施时期之间互作不显著。 相似文献
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The extent and efficacy of granular pesticide usage to control ectoparasitic nematodes on sugar beet
Granular soil-applied pesticides were introduced in 1973 for the control of seedling pests of sugar beet, including the ectoparasitic nematodes that cause Docking disorder. By 1977 most of the area at risk from Docking disorder had been treated, largely with aldicarb; however, despite these treatments, surveys based on an examination of growing crops continued to report large yield losses in years with wet springs. In a field experiment, aldicarb was readily leached following early application in a year with a very wet spring (1983). The distribution of toxic aldicarb residues in soil was simulated for each of the years 1979–1983 using a mathematical model: these simulations suggested that nematode control would be seriously decreased only in exceptionally wet springs. It was concluded that the surveys contain a systematic bias, underestimating damage in earlier years but overestimating damage in recent years when pesticides have been widely used. 相似文献
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建立了一套以一次固相萃取前处理方法,运用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)两种检测技术,测定茶叶中79种农药残留的可靠、快速、高通量检测方法。该方法用20βmL乙腈一次均质提取,分取提取液10βmL,用乙腈+甲苯(3∶1)20βmL洗脱过Carbon/NH2小柱净化,用5βmL乙腈定容混匀,于GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS同时检测。结果表明,79种农药在0.01~0.40βmg·L-1范围内线性良好,相关系数(R2)在0.995以上;高、低、中3种水平加标回收率在67.3%~130.8%内;相对标准偏差(RSD)在15%内;98.7%的农药定量限(LOQ)≤0.01βmg·kg-1;使用多种类茶叶实际检测,结果均合格。因此,该方法能同时检测含有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类和有机杂环类5大类农药,更有利于大批量茶叶样品的多农残检测。 相似文献
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Paul A. Umina Aston L. Arthur Stuart A. McColl Ary A. Hoffmann John M.K. Roberts 《Crop Protection》2010
Control of invertebrate pests in broad-acre agriculture largely relies on the application of broad-spectrum pesticides, however resistance problems and environmental concerns are driving a search for alternatives including more selective products. Here we explore the feasibility of using novel chemical groupings in the control of problematic pests that attack germinating pastures and grain crops in Australia. A modified laboratory bioassay is described for testing the response of several invertebrate pests to pesticides that have contact and systemic/translaminar properties. Two contact pesticides (fenitrothion and gamma-cyhalothrin) and three pesticides with strong systemic/translaminar properties (lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin and diafenthiuron) showed promise for control of the collembolan Sminthurus viridis and four mite pests (Halotydeus destructor, Balaustium medicagoense, Penthaleus falcatus and Bryobia sp.). No single pesticide emerged as the most efficacious against all these pests, highlighting the need for correct pest identification before making control recommendations. Incorporating these new chemical options into pest control programs may help to control emerging pests and counter pesticide resistance issues. Selective pesticides in particular are likely to be compatible with integrated control programs that promote the establishment and maintenance of beneficial natural enemies. 相似文献
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The rapid growth in pesticide use is a significant problem for Thailand, as it is in many other developing countries with an intensifying agriculture. The objective of this study was to quantify how much of the total quantity of pesticides is overused. The novelty of this research resides in the fact that it considered the social rather than the private optimum by including negative pesticide externalities in determining levels of overuse. Marginal benefits of pesticides are quantified by estimating Cobb–Douglas production functions with an exponential damage control specification. The marginal costs are calculated as the sum of private and external costs with the latter quantified using the Pesticide Environmental Accounting (PEA) tool. The method is applied using farm- and plot-level data from one intensive upland vegetable production system in northern Thailand. The findings show that about 80% of the applied pesticide quantity is used in excess of the social optimum, while the difference between the private and social level of overuse is small for this particular case study. Therefore results from the study area suggest that internalizing pesticide externalities into the price of pesticides would only have a small effect on reducing pesticide overuse. 相似文献