"统计学导论课程设计"教学改革探索

统计学导论课程设计是贵州理工学院应用统计学专业与统计学导论课程相匹配的综合实践类课程.根据应用统计学专业注重培养学生统计知识应用能力和实际问题实践能力的人才培养要求,结合成果导向教育理念,从课程设计的能力达成、设计内容分类、设计教学分组和阶段性考核细则等方面,探索统计学导论课程设计教学改革.     

纺织类专业《生物质材料及应用》课程教学探索

开设学科交叉课程已经在很多大学成为培养大学生的重要方式,这有利于扩大学生的学科综合理论基础及跨学科知识,增强创新理念和科研能力。本文基于在纺织工程专业新开设学科交叉课程《生物质材料及应用》的教学实践,在教学内容、课程安排、实验教学和考核方式等方面进行了探讨,希望对本门课在以问题为导向教学、交叉创新方面有一些有益探索。     

《材料科学与工程专业导论》课程建设与教学改革研究

本着更好地发挥专业导论课的潜在价值和意义,本文从强调四要素关系、差异性教学以及利用外部辅助工具三方面对材料专业导论课程进行了建设与改革研究,为提高材料专业导论课的课程效果与质量提供了参考。     

面向信息素养教育的文献检索课教学模式探讨

本文通过对高校现有文献检索课开设状况的分析,得出高校文献检索课程教学中存在着文献检索课定位不当、课程教学实践性低与课程教学忽视学生个性的三类问题,并在此基础上,围绕大学生信息素养教育培养目标,提出探讨三类提升文献检索课教学质量的途径:"问题研讨型"的启发式授课法、"团队协作式"实践教学、加强师资队伍建设同时推行双语教学。     

软件综合实践课程混合式教学模式研究

文章针对软件综合实践以往教学实践中存在的问题与不足,构建了基于"智慧教室""学习通"等平台的线上线下混合式教学模式.通过教学资源建设、课程组织实施和评价环节的设计,培养学生自主创新能力和综合实践能力.     

在药学专业开设综合性设计性实验课程的几点思考

本文阐述了针对药学专业学生开设综合设计性实验的重要性及实施方法、教学形式、考核方法等。认为综合设计性实验的开设有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生独立解决实际问题的能力、创新能力、组织管理能力以及团队合作能力,是一种值得推广的实验教学方法。     

农科大学生创新能力培养中基础课教师角色的正确定位

基础课程教学在农科大学生创新能力培养中具有承下启上的重要作用,而教学中基础课教师的角色定位,将对学生创新能力培养起到关键作用。文章结合基础课教学实践,从教学方法、教学内容、教学考核、师生交流四个方面,探讨了高等农业院校基础课教学中,教师如何进行正确角色定位,进而促进大学生创新能力的培养。     

基于"自主学习力"培养的混合式教学手段改革研究 ——以《无线传感器网络》课程为例

传统的无线传感器网络课程教学过程中缺乏创新性思维的发散过程,被动的教学模式限制了学生的学习兴趣和创新能力的培养.论文将翻转课堂理念和SPOC教学设计利用蓝墨云班课融入课堂教学中,充分实现线上教学与课堂教学的有机结合,很大程度上提升了学生的自主学习力培养.同时,为有效利用校园的有限资源以及提升学生的实践创新能力,设计一套...     

高等学校素质拓展课开课实效与质量优化思考

高等学校开设的素质拓展课程在提高大学生品性修养,培养兴趣爱好,形成完整的知识结构方面发挥着重要作用。文章以高等学校素质拓展课开设原则为切入点,深刻剖析了当前素质拓展课教学中存在的主要问题,并从质量优化的视角提出提高素质拓展课开课实效的具体建议。     

全国大学生结构设计竞赛对大学生实践与创新能力培养的影响

本文针对全国大学生结构设计竞赛的赛事特点,论述了设计竞赛对于提高大学生实践与创新能力培养的意义,以东北电力大学参加第七届全国大学生结构设计竞赛为案例,分析了结构设计竞赛对实践教学改进及学生创新能力培养的促进作用,并围绕实践教学内容、教学方法和实践平台建设等多方面进行了探讨,对提高工程类学生的工程意识和创新能力具有一定的参考价值。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.