共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
中国森林生态系统植物多样性的空间变化格局 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用中国国家生态系统研究网络(CNERN)的监测数据,分析我国森林生态系统中乔木层、灌木层、草本层的植物多样性随纬度、经度和海拔的空间变化格局。植物多样性指标包括物种丰富度指数(Patrick指数)、多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner和Simpson指数)和均匀度指数(Pielou)。结果表明:沿纬度梯度(从南向北),我国森林生态系统中乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度指数呈下降趋势,草本层无明显的变化趋势;乔木层多样性指数先下降后升高。沿经度梯度(自西向东),乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度指数呈下降趋势;乔木层的多样性指数均表现为先减小后增大的趋势,灌木层的变化趋势与乔木层相反,草本层的变化趋势不明显;3个层次的均匀度指数与多样性指数的变化趋势一致。在海拔垂直梯度上,随着海拔的升高,乔木层,灌木层和草本层物种丰富度指数呈先升高后降低趋势,峰值偏向于低海拔;乔木层多样性指数与物种丰富度指数的变化趋势相似,灌木层和草本层的变化趋势不明显。 相似文献
2.
以尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区的紫果云杉群落为研究对象,应用群落调查法,调查分析了群落中各层的物种组成及物种多样性。结果表明:(1)尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区紫果云杉群落内共有植物82种,隶属于41科60属,以菊科(Asteraceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)植物为主;(2)群落内各层丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(D)以及Pielou均匀度指数(E)总体为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,随海拔的升高,乔木层、草本层的各项多样性指数随海拔升高呈先升后降的单峰曲线规律,灌木层物种多样性指数随海拔升高呈单调下降曲线变化规律;(3)海拔与乔木层、灌木层的各项多样性指数间呈现负相关关系,与草本层的物种丰富度指数(S)呈负相关关系,与草本层的其它指数间呈正相关关系。综合研究得出:尕海-则岔自然保护区紫果云杉群落物种多样性受海拔影响较大。 相似文献
3.
采用典型样带调查法,在卧龙自然保护区邓生阴坡的岷江冷杉天然林内设置不同海拔梯度的样带,分析岷江冷杉天然林的生物多样性随海拔梯度的响应规律。研究结果表明:岷江冷杉天然林乔木和草本植物的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和均优丰多样性指数随着海拔升高呈下降趋势,而生态优势度指数呈上升趋势;灌木种随着海拔梯度上升物种丰富度下降,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和均优丰多样性指数则呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,生态优势度指数的变化与之相反;群落所有植物的α多样性随海拔梯度的变化规律与乔木层一致。从β多样性变化来看:随着海拔上升,岷江冷杉林内乔木、草本和所有群落所有植物的相异系数CD和Cody指数均呈下降趋势;而灌木层因为物种数和优势种的改变形成β多样性的双峰变化,这与灌木植物的实际分布是相符的。群落整体的物种差异和更替速率受物种数较多的植被类型影响较大,随海拔升高呈逐渐减小趋势。 相似文献
4.
宝天曼植物群落物种多样性研究 总被引:33,自引:5,他引:33
对宝天曼保护区植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明 ,物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数在群落梯度上的分布趋势基本一致 ,较好地反映了不同植物群落类型在物种组成方面的差异。草本层物种丰富度指数明显高于乔木层和灌木层 ,草本层物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上的变异最大 ,灌木层次之 ,乔木层最小。乔木层物种多样性指数小于灌木层和草本层 ,草本层和乔木层物种多样性指数在群落梯度上的变异程度明显大于灌木层。灌木层物种均匀度指数大于乔木层和草本层 ,草本层和乔木层均匀度指数在群落梯度上的变异程度大于灌木层。物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的较大值出现在高海拔和低海拔群落 ,较小值多出现在中等海拔群落。物种均匀度指数的较小值多出现在中等海拔群落 ,但其较大值在各海拔群落都有分布。草本层物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的较高值多分布在低海拔群落 ,较小值多分布在中等海拔群落 ;乔木层和灌木层的各种指数以及草本层的物种均匀度指数在海拔梯度上的分布规律不明显 相似文献
5.
关帝山植物群落物种多样性初步研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据物种多样性测度公式,对20块样地按乔木层、灌木层、草本层3个层次,分别计算物种多样数指数,结果各类群落的两种物种丰富度均表现出草本层>灌木层>乔木层的特点;多样性指数Simpson和Shannon-wiener在样地中总的趋势均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;均匀度指数Pielou和Alatalo,在各层间表现出乔木层的均匀度偏低的规律。 相似文献
6.
粗糠树是果材兼用的多用途树种。采用典型样地调查、生物多样性指数计算等方法对粗糠树群落物种多样性进行调查研究,结果表明:粗糠树群落乔木层树种构成复杂,乔木层物种丰富度显著高于灌木层和草本层。物种多样性指数呈现出草本层>乔木层>灌木层的特点。均匀度变化呈现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。优势度呈现为:灌木层>乔木层>草本层。各层次物种多样性指数在不同海拔梯度中的变化趋势不同:乔木层表现为随着海拔升高“先下降后升高再下降”的横“S”形变化趋势;灌木层的不同多样性指数变化趋势不同;草本层表现为随着海拔升高先下降后升高的“V”形变化趋势。落种发芽困难导致自然更新受阻、人为砍伐过度导致存量不断减少、存活率下降是粗糠树处于低危边缘状态的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
应用物种丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、种间相遇机率、生态优势度等多种指标,将杉阔混交林群落划分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层、层间层,对不同层次群落的物种多样性进行研究。结果表明:不同层次群落的物种多样性不同,总的趋势是灌木层>乔木层>层间层>草本层。乔木层物种丰富,但生态优势度高于灌木层,个体数量产生一定程度的集中,物种多样性低于灌木层;灌木层生态优势度最低,物种组成丰富,表现出最大的物种多样性;草本层植物物种组成简单,生态优势度最大,物种多样性最低;层间层植物物种数量低于草本层,但生态优势度也低于草本层,其物种多样性高于草本层。该群落中灌木层在保持群落多样性方面所起的作用最大。 相似文献
8.
在神农架川金丝猴生境典型地段设立样方,分析了植物群落种群的物种多样性和垂直结构特征。结果表明:α多样性,乔木层在低海拔的常绿阔叶林带最高,灌木层随海拔升高呈单峰格局,草本层在较高海拔物种多样性较高;β多样性总体上呈单峰变化,在中海拔建群种发生更替的落叶阔叶混交林区最高,物种更替速率最快,其次是山顶附近。沿海拔梯度升高,水热组合发生变化,在建群种发生更替的中海拔过渡带形成混交林带,总体上体现了过渡带具有高的物种多样性和更替速率,总物种丰富度呈沿海拔先升高而后降低的单峰格局。 相似文献
9.
天然筇竹林群落植物物种多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《林业调查规划》2018,(5)
以云南省大关县天然筇竹林为研究对象,随机调查30个20m×10m的样方中植物物种多样性,结果表明,1)天然筇竹林植物物种丰富,共有维管植物94科180属257种; 2)筇竹林的分层结构中灌木层物种丰富度高于乔木层和草本层,但物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于乔木层和草本层; 3)筇竹林乔木—灌木和灌木—草本物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数差异极显著,而乔木层和草本层各多样性指数差异性均不显著。 相似文献
10.
甘肃连城自然保护区8种主要森林类型的植物物种多样性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用调查所获的物种丰富度指数(S)、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数研究分析了甘肃连城国家级自然保护区8种主要森林类型的植物物种多样性特征.研究结果表明:8种主要森林类型乔、灌、草3层植物物种多样性最高的类型是红桦林、青杄林和祁连圆柏林;在其不同的森林层次上,物种丰富度指数S、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现出乔木层<灌木层<草本层的特点;8种主要森林类型乔木层的Shannon-Wiener指数随其垂直分布海拔高度的变化不明显,而灌木层和草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数总体呈现出随垂直分布海拔高度的上升先升后降的规律,即其最高值出现在此几种主要森林类型垂直分布的中段. 相似文献
11.
四川白水河国家级自然保护区植物群落分布和优势种 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外植被调查,并根据《四川植被》分类的原则和依据,四川白水河自然保护区自然植被可分为6个植被型11个群系纲和25个群系。其中,1 400~2 000 m海拔段主要分布有14个群落类型,2 000~2 500 m分布有3个群落类型,2 500~3 000 m分布有3个群落类型,3 000~3 500 m分布有9个分布类型,3 500~4 000 m有4个群落类型分布,4 000~4 800 m有2个群落类型。通过重要值统计不同海拔段各个群落类型的乔木、灌木和草本层的优势种。建议通过建立有效保护体系、加强宣教、监测管护和科学研究达到对保护区植物植被资源的保护。 相似文献
12.
13.
辽东山区次生林植物物种多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对辽东山区18块样地的调查及数据处理,计算出各样地乔木、灌木、草本的Margalef丰富度指数、Gini均匀度指数和Simpson多样性指数。从调查及分析结果来看,在本研究区域内,海拔高度对调查区域内的物种多样性影响不大,郁闭度、坡向、坡度对物种多样性有一定影响。 相似文献
14.
Diversity, composition and density of trees and shrubs in agroforestry homegardens in Southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diversity of trees and shrubs in agricultural systems contributes to provision of wood and non-wood products, and protects the environment, thereby, enhancing socioeconomic and ecological sustainability of the systems. This study characterizes the diversity, density and composition of trees in the agroforestry homegardens of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, and analyses physical and socioeconomic factors influencing diversity and composition of trees in the systems. A total of 144 homegardens were surveyed from 12 sites. In total, 120 species of trees and shrubs were recorded of which, 74.2 % were native to the area. The mean number of tree species per farm was 21. Density of trees varied between sites with mean values ranging from 86 to 1,082, and the overall average was 475 trees ha?1. Four different crop-based enset (Enset ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman)-coffee homegarden types were recognized and they differed not only in the composition of major crops but also in the diversity, density and composition of trees. The composition, diversity and density of trees is influenced by physical and socioeconomic factors. The major physical factors were geographical distance between sites and differences in altitude of farms. The most important socioeconomic factors were farm size and access to roads. Tree species richness and density increased with farm size. Increased road access facilitated marketing opportunities to agricultural products including trees, and lead to a decline in the basic components of the system, enset, coffee and trees. In the road-access sites, the native trees have also been largely replaced with fast growing exotic species, mainly eucalypts. The decrease in diversity of trees and perennial components of the system, and its gradual replacement with new cash and annual food crops could jeopardize the integrity and complexity of the system, which has been responsible for its sustenance. 相似文献
15.
乌拉山自然保护区位于典型草原与荒漠草原的交界处,是研究干旱区山地物种多样性的理想区域。利用α多样性指数、β多样性指数以及重要值,对乌拉山主要森林群落(白桦林、油松林)林下灌木层和草本层的物种多样性以及群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)群落草本层α多样性指数明显高于灌木层;(2)群落灌木层、草本层α多样性指数表现为:白桦林〉天然油松林〉人工油松林;天然油松林〉人工油松林〉白桦林〉柄扁桃灌丛;(3)群落β多样性指数表现出同一种森林群落类型之间绝大多数呈轻度相似性;不同森林群落类型之间呈极不相似;生境条件的差异、人为干扰等因素对群落β多样性的影响较为明显;(4)群落物种组成以菊科、蔷薇科植物为主,草本植物以多年生中生、中旱生、旱生植物为主,林下灌木水分生态型以中生为主。 相似文献
16.
17.
The distribution of plant species has always been altered by changing climatic conditions. Nonetheless, the potential for species’ range shift responses has recently become severely limited, as exceptionally fast temperature changes coincide with a high degree of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. This study provides rare insights into the effects current temperature increases have on pristine temperate forest ecosystems, using the forests of Changbai Mountain, NE China, as a case study. On the northern slopes of the mountain at elevations between 750 and 2100 m, the composition of trees, shrubs and herbaceous species was recorded on 60 plots in 1963 and 2006/07. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to establish the response of plant diversity and plant distribution patterns to environmental conditions. Climatic factors proved important in explaining the spatio-temporal trends within the vegetation. The composition of dominant trees remained mostly unchanged over the last 43 years, reflecting a very slow response of the forest canopy to environmental change. The composition of young trees, shrubs and herb species showed varied changes in the different forest types. A homogeneous species composition in the cohort of regenerating trees indicates an increased future uniformity in the mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest. The understory vegetation of high elevation birch forests was invaded by floristic elements of the lower-elevation coniferous forests. Both these trends pose potential threats to forests plant diversity. Future research investigating climate change responses in forest canopy composition needs to be based on even longer timescales, while investigations in the near future need to pay particular attention to the changes in the distribution of rare and threatened herbaceous species. 相似文献
18.
华中神农架箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)群落之海拔多样性(英文) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对华中神农架海拔1500米至2600米之间11个箭竹样方的研究,阐述了箭竹群落物种丰富度,物种多样性,物种均匀性,生活型谱及群落类型的海拔变化。从最低样方(1680米)到最高样地(2570米),微管束植物从30种降为7种,服从线性模型:Y=55.991.83X(R2=0.84,P<0.001);物种多样性从3.18降为1.78,服从线性模型:Y=4.670.10X (R2=0.72,P=0.001;物种均匀度在0.83至0.99之间变化,但与海拔并不相关。在生活型谱中,一年生植物,地下芽植物和大高位芽树木的百分比随海拔升高而升高;灌木和中高位芽树木随海拔升高而降低;多年生草本和半灌木与海拔关系不大。箭竹群落可分为5种类型:常绿阔叶林下,落叶阔叶林下,温性针叶林下,寒温性针叶林与混交林下,纯箭竹林。图4表2参19。 相似文献
19.
In this article, we compared the structure, composition, and diversity of trees, shrubs and saplings, seedlings and herbaceous species of community- and government-managed forests in the lowlands of eastern Nepal. Results suggest that among the trees, the community forest was dominated by a single species, Shorea robusta. However, Shorea robusta and Terminalia myriocarpa were codominant in the government forest. Tree density and basal area were higher in the government forest, but shrub/sapling density and basal area were higher in the community forest, suggesting a positive effect of community management on tree regeneration. Overstory species assemblages showed an obvious compositional difference between the forests, but understory species assemblages were less obvious. Plot-level tree and shrub/sapling species richness was higher in the government forest than the community forest. However, seedling-herbaceous species richness was higher in the community forest. The dominance of Shorea robusta trees in the community forest suggests that people involved in managing forests may be more interested in a limited number of economically valuable species while removing less important trees. Such preferential management practices may increase resource heterogeneity within a forest and maintain species diversity in the understory. Thus, community participation in forest management should be encouraged, with guided management techniques and exercises, to achieve maximum forest recovery, provide sustainable ecosystem services, and maintain forest diversity. 相似文献
20.
Plant species and cultivars of the indigenous agroforestry system of Pohnpei were surveyed in transects through 54 randomly-selected farms. The agroforestry system was characterized by extensive cultivation of yams (Dioscorea), aroids (Alocasia), and Piper methysticum under a permanent overstory of breadfruit, coconut, and forest remnant trees and a middle canopy of Hibiscus tiliaceus, Musa spp., and Morinda citrifolia. In the 10 ha of survey plots, 161 species were found, of which 102 were trees, shrubs, and crops and 59 were uncultivated herbaceous plants. Numbers of tree, shrub, and crop species per farm ranged from 16 to 37 with an average of 26. Twenty-eight breadfruit and 38 yam cultivars were found in the survey plots, showing that cultivar diversity is an important component of the biological diversity maintained and utilized in Pohnpeian agroforests. 相似文献