基于水氮管理与种植结构优化的作物丰产高效管理策略

河西走廊农业生产受到水资源短缺与农业资源利用效率低的限制,制约着该地区的种子、粮食生产与农业可持续发展战略。该研究构建了考虑作物水氮需求量、降雨量、土壤初始含氮量的水氮管理制度优化方法,并结合所构建的考虑空间尺度作物产量与水氮利用效率的多目标种植结构优化方法,为河西走廊制种玉米、大田玉米和小麦制定丰产高效的水氮管理与种植结构调整策略,从而实现作物产量和水氮利用效率的协同提升。结果显示：优化的水氮管理制度相比管理现状可减少单位面积灌水量9.1%～27.3%、施氮量26.6%～50.0%;以作物产量和水氮利用效率最大为目标,以种植面积、产量需求和水氮投入量为约束,调整制种玉米、大田玉米和小麦的种植面积与空间分布,优化后制种玉米和小麦种植面积减少、大田玉米种植面积增加,总种植面积减少4 874.8 hm2,且作物种植空间分布较优化前差异明显;水氮管理与种植结构优化协同作用可以在水氮用量分别减少0.29×109 m3和3.36×107 kg的情况下,作物总产量提升0.16×109 kg,区域灌溉水生产力和氮肥利用效率分别提升0.62 kg/m3和18.97 kg/kg。该研究可以为产粮区和缺水区的作物丰产高效和农业可持续发展提供科学指导与决策参考。     

Effects of water-saving irrigation and groundwater depth on direct seeding rice growth,yield, and water use in a semi-arid region

In Iran, rice is grown in areas where the groundwater depth (GD) is low. Therefore, water-saving irrigation (WSI) can be used instead of continuous flood irrigation (CFI) in order to use the groundwater. The objectives of this study were to investigate the interaction effects of irrigation regimes and GDs on growth and yield of rice and groundwater contribution (GC) to crop evapotranspiration (ET) in cylindrical greenhouse lysimeters. Irrigation regimes were CFI and intermittent flood irrigation (IFI) with 4- and 8-day intervals (IFI-4 and IFI-8, respectively), and GDs were 0.3, 0.45, and 0.60 m. Results indicated that in a climate condition similar to experimental environment in greenhouse, using IFI-4 at a GD of 0.3 m produced grain yield and straw and root dry matter (DM) similar to those obtained when using CFI, with 53% reduction in irrigation water use. However, straw and root DM increased in CFI with increasing soil column length. Maximum GC/ET (41%) was observed when using IFI-4 at a GD of 0.3 m. A multiple regression equation was presented to estimate GC/ET as a function of GD and soil moisture deficit (SMD). This equation indicates that at a given GD with extension of irrigation intervals and increased SMD GC/ET reached a maximum value followed by a decrease afterwards. Maximum values of GC/ET were obtained at SMD values of 0.47, 0.40, and 0.33 at GDs of 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 m, respectively.     

Effect of different irrigation intervals on water saving,water productivity and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under the double ridge-furrow planting technique

Surface irrigation is the traditional irrigation method applied in about 80% of the irrigated area in Egypt with greater water losses leading to profile drainage. The double ridge-furrow planting technique (DRFI) uses a practical way to reduce the applied water quantities. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 (maize growth seasons) to study the effects of DRFI with two irrigation intervals – 7 days and 14 days – on maize yield, water saving, water productivity and some economic parameters such as net return and investment ratio compared with the conventional ridged-furrow planting technique (RFI) with irrigation at 14-day intervals. Optimal irrigation interval for maize under DRFI was also determined. Regardless of irrigation intervals, smaller depth of applied water was observed with DRFI treatments compared to RFI treatment. Consequently, with DRFI treatments, more water could be saved compared with RFI treatment in both seasons. Double ridged-furrow planting with irrigation at 7-day intervals proved superior to increase the grain yield and water productivity compared to the 14-day interval and the conventional treatment. It also increased the investment ratio and net return of maize crop. Therefore, double ridge-furrow planting with irrigation at 7-day intervals will practically be the optimal choice under the conditions of the studied area.     

膜下滴灌制度与生物炭用量对玉米生长及水氮利用效率的影响

为探明干旱地区盐碱地膜下滴灌不同灌水下限施用生物炭对玉米产量和水肥利用效率的响应差异及相互影响关系,提出较优的灌溉制度和生物炭用量。连续2年在河套灌区盐渍化农田玉米生长阶段进行小区控制试验,设计3个灌水下限[土壤基质势为-15(W15),-25(W25),-35(W35)kPa,灌水定额为22.5 mm]和3个生物炭用量水平[0(B0),15(B15),30(B30)t/hm²],2因素完全随机试验设计,共9个处理。测定并分析玉米全生育期0—15 cm土壤理化性状、作物生长特征和水氮利用效率。结果表明：不同灌水下限施用生物炭整体提高玉米全生育期土壤含水率、有机质和碱解氮含量,同一灌溉水平下生物炭用量越高,各指标提升的幅度越大。施用生物炭提高玉米地上部干物质积累量和产量,灌溉水利用效率和氮肥偏生产力显著提高,且生物炭施用当年的效果普遍优于翌年。相较于不施用生物炭的对照,W15、W25、W35条件下,B15使玉米产量平均增加12.8%,10.3%,14.2%,灌溉水利用效率提高14.2%,10.4%,12.9%,氮肥偏生产力提升12.8%,10.4%,14.0%,其节...     

冬小麦再生水灌溉时水分与氮素利用效率的研究

农田水氮利用效率的研究可为农田灌溉和施肥提供相应的科学依据。该文用田间实验研究再生水灌溉条件下冬小麦水分与氮素的利用效率。田间试验设置了高、中、低3个不同灌水水平下的清水灌溉加施肥、再生水灌溉加施肥和再生水灌溉不施肥(仅施底肥)9个处理，试验结果表明：灌水量、灌溉水质、施肥量对冬小麦株高的影响很小；叶面积指数随灌水量的减少而减小；再生水灌溉加施肥条件下的产量最高。不同灌溉水量条件下，冬小麦再生水灌溉的耗水规律与清水灌溉的耗水规律十分接近，且累积耗水量随灌溉水量的增大而增加；水分利用效率与灌溉水质和施肥无关，仅与灌水量有关，且随灌溉水量的增加而减少。氮的利用效率受灌水量、灌溉水质、施肥量的影响较小。     

Optimization of irrigation management and environmental assessment using the water cycle algorithm

Obtaining high crop yields with limited water consumption requires optimal irrigation strategies based on comprehensive studies of the parameters of plant–environment interactions. Here, we used a structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the relationships among input irrigation factors and moderate factors to find an optimum water use efficiency (WUE) response factor, for outdoor and greenhouse cultivation of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The input irrigation factors (including irrigation interval, water salinity and environment) and the moderate factors (evapotranspiration, soil salinity, plant parameters, fruit parameters and crop yield) were used in water cycle algorithm (WCA) and genetic algorithm (GA) methods to optimize the water use efficiency. The optimization process included finding the best combination of irrigation factors and optimized eggplant cultivation. The structural equation modelling results indicate that irrigation interval negatively affected water use efficiency with a more dominant effect on plant parameters. Water salinity negatively affected the water use efficiency with a more dominant effect on soil salinity, crop yield and fruit parameters. Low salinity water was more effective than full irrigation to optimize the water use efficiency. The water cycle algorithm revealed that for outdoor cultivation, the optimal range of irrigation interval was 2–5 days and water salinity in the range of 0.8–2.2 ds/m. These factors optimized evapotranspiration (346.23–738.19 mm), soil salinity (4.16–9.45 ds/m), fruit parameters (33.81–35.12 cm) and crop yield (1715.7–2190.8 g/plant), as well as increasing the water use efficiency (3.08–4.89 g/(plant-mm)). Both the water cycle algorithm and genetic algorithm yielded very close to optimal values. Two years of repeated experiments and the closeness of the optimal values using the algorithms confirmed that the optimal amounts are reliable.     

水氮量对小麦/玉米间作土壤硝态氮累积和水氮利用效率的影响

为了提高氮肥和水分利用效率,该文在甘肃河西灌区试验地点,采用田间小区试验,研究了不同氮水平（0、225、450 kg/hm²）和灌水量（750、1125、1500 m ³/hm²）对小麦/玉米间作土壤硝态氮累积和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同氮肥和灌水量对小麦带土壤硝态氮含量和累积量影响较小,对玉米带影响显著。随氮肥用量增加,玉米带土壤硝态氮含量和累积量增加,随灌水量和氮肥用量增加,0～60 cm土壤硝态氮相对累积量增加,60～140 cm土层降低。氮肥当季利用率、氮肥生产率、氮肥产投比都是以225 kg/hm²氮水平较高,但不同灌水量差别不大。WUE（水分利用效率）以W₇₅₀N₂₂₅最高,W₁₅₀₀N₀最低,随灌水量增加WUE降低。     

少免耕对灌溉农田冬小麦/夏玉米作物水、肥利用的影响

土壤耕作可影响土壤硝态氮的淋失、土壤的贮水量和作物的水分利用效率。为了研究少免耕在冬小麦套作夏玉米一年两熟灌溉农田对作物产量、水分利用效率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响，采用了5种土壤耕作体系(常规耕作无秸秆还田、常规耕作秸秆还田、旋耕秸秆还田、缺口圆盘耙耕秸秆还田、免耕秸秆覆盖)在山东龙口进行了田间试验。利用烘干法测定了土壤含水率，利用连续流动分析仪测定了土壤硝态氮的含量。结果表明：相对于常规耕作，少耕特别是旋耕还田方式能够增加土壤贮水量、提高作物水分利用效率和全年作物产量，提高土壤0～60 cm层次硝态氮含量、减少硝态氮的淋失。以旋耕还田为主的耕作体系可以在该地区应用，而免耕覆盖则不适宜。     

基于涡度相关法的长江中下游稻田水分利用效率变化规律

揭示水稻生态系统水分利用效率（Water Use Efficiency,WUE）的变化规律,有助于动态评价稻田水碳循环过程和农业用水效益。该研究利用涡度相关法得到中国长江中下游双季稻田的3年通量数据,研究生态系统尺度的稻田WUE季节变化规律及其年际差异,揭示生态系统夜间呼吸消耗对稻田水分利用的影响,阐明WUE与净生态系统生产力（Net Ecosystem Productivity,NEP）和ET的关系。结果表明：双季稻WUE季节尺度变化特征与NEP基本一致,呈现出先增大、后减小的趋势,表明其季节变化由NEP主导,取决于作物自身以生育期为尺度的生长发育规律。早、晚稻日均WUE均在拔节孕穗期达到峰值,且在生长中期均维持较高水平,日均WUE分别达到5.8、5.5 g/kg。早、晚稻全生育期WUE均值分别为(3.3±0.3)、(3.4±0.4) g/kg,生态系统夜间呼吸消耗使WUE下降40%以上。不同稻季WUE的年际差异达到9.2%～12.4%,其中抽穗开花期差异最大。不同纬度的稻田WUE存在差异,该研究得到的中国长江中下游稻田WUE高于菲律宾、巴西等热带地区稻田,但低于中国东北辽河三角洲稻田,与小麦、玉米等农田生态系统相比,稻田WUE也较低。研究结果可为评价中国长江中下游稻作区农业用水效率以及优化水碳管理模式提供依据。     

基于多源GPP和ET产品的秦岭生态系统水分利用效率研究

通过评价多种生态系统总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)和蒸散(evapotranspiration,ET)遥感数据产品,构建了适用于我国秦岭区域的GPP和ET组合数据集,并计算分析了秦岭区域生态系统水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的时空变化规律。结果表明:不同产品对于不同植被类型GPP和ET的估算效果差异较大,其中VPM GPP和RF GPP这2种GPP产品,China ET和PML-V2 ET这2种ET产品的总体表现较好。秦岭区域的多年平均GPP_year为1 489.95 g C/m²,ET_year为588.49 mm,WUE_year为2.56 g C/kg H₂O,多年平均WUE_year的变化率为0.156 g C/(kg H₂O·10 a)。秦岭区域WUE_year总体呈现出不显著的上升趋势(p>0.05);秦岭区域不同植被覆盖下的多年平均WUE_year数值差异不大,但WUE_year的变化趋势略有不同,部分植被类型呈现上升趋势,而其他植被类型呈现下降趋势;多年平均逐月WUE_month变化多呈现较为明显的双峰模式。研究结果为不同类型生态系统水碳关系研究中获取和选择数据提供了依据和途径,加深了对秦岭区域生态系统WUE时空变化规律的认识,从而为研究气候变化对秦岭地区生态系统的影响提供了数据支持和科学参考。     

基于作物水分亏缺指数和盐分淋洗系数的新疆棉田节水控盐优化方法

通过灌溉对作物根区土壤水盐环境进行适时适度的调控是促进新疆绿洲农业可持续健康发展的重要举措,其中最为关键的一环当属灌溉制度尤其是灌水定额的优化。为了提高灌水控盐效率,该研究以新疆沙湾市膜下滴灌盐碱棉田为研究对象,以当地传统灌溉制度为对照,在基于作物水分亏缺指数（plant water deficit index,PWDI）评估并实施智能灌溉的基础上开展了2 a（2021与2022）田间灌水控盐试验,通过设置不同的盐分淋洗系数（2021年：1.0与2.0;2022年：1.0、1.4、1.8、2.2与2.6）探讨灌水定额对土壤水盐运移与棉花生长以及水分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在固定PWDI阈值（评估值超过阈值时开启灌水）的情况下,在一定范围内随着盐分淋洗系数的增大,灌水定额增加,灌水周期延长,灌水总量增大,更多盐分被被淋洗到根区下部甚至根区以下,从而改善根域水盐环境,减轻水盐胁迫,促进棉花生长并增产,但灌溉水利用效率呈缓慢下降趋势。然而,当盐分淋洗系数（灌水定额）增大到一定程度时,长期优越的根域水盐环境导致棉花徒长,即营养生长旺盛而生殖生长迟滞,灌水周期缩短,灌水总量急剧上升,产量不再增加反而有下降趋势,灌溉水利用效率显著降低。综合考虑盐分淋洗、棉花生长与产量以及水分利用效率,当试验区PWDI阈值取为0.5时建议对应的盐分淋洗系数取为2.2。该研究可为新疆盐碱棉田高效生产以及绿洲农业可持续健康发展提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

圆形喷灌机变量灌溉效益的田间试验评估

科学的变量灌溉（Variable Rate Irrigation,VRI）水分管理方法是实现VRI技术适时适量适位水量空间分配功能和提高作物水分利用效率（WaterUseEfficiency,WUE）的关键。为研究变量灌溉水分管理方法的灌溉效益,以冬小麦和夏玉米为供试作物,基于土壤可利用水量（Available soil Water holding Capacity,AWC）将试验田块划分为4个管理区,每个管理区划分为4个子区,分别布置2种常规喷灌管理（Uniform Rate Irrigation,URI）方法和2种VRI管理方法,对比评估了VRI水分管理方法在节水、增产、提高WUE,以及改善作物株高、叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,LAI）、产量和WUE空间分布均匀性方面的效果。结果表明,基于各管理区灌水上限值制定变量灌溉处方图并根据气象预报降雨量等级适当减少灌水量的VRI水分管理方法最优。与常规喷灌相比,最优VRI水分管理方法条件下,冬小麦节水36%,WUE提高12%;夏玉米节水40%,WUE提高29%。VRI与常规喷灌的冬小麦、夏玉米产量均未产生显著差异,VRI水分...     

水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响

为探讨温室番茄水肥一体化滴灌系统优化模式,通过温室番茄滴灌施肥试验,研究田间滴灌管布置方式、灌水量、施氮肥量这3个因素对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮含量及水肥利用效率的影响。3种布置方式包括1管1行(T1)、1管2行(T2)和1管3行(T3);基于Penman-Monteith修正公式计算的潜在蒸散量(Potential Evapotranspiration,ET₀)设计灌水量,3种灌水量处理包括50%ET₀(W1)、70%ET₀(W2)和90%ET₀(W3);3种施氮肥量处理包括120(N1)、180(N2)和240 kg/hm²(N3)。采用正交试验设计,共9个处理。结果表明,不同管道布置方式土壤含水率分布趋势基本相同,土壤表层0～20 cm含水率较低,>20～40 cm土层深度土壤含水率分布较高,40 cm土层深度以下土壤含水率减小,且T1和T2布置方式较T3土壤含水率分布均匀。土壤硝态氮(NO₃-N)质量分数随土层深度的增加而减小,0～30 cm土...     

Towards an understanding of the high productivity of rice with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) management from the perspectives of soil and plant physiological processes

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is based on a set of practices such as transplanting young seedlings and aerobic soil management during the vegetative stage without using costly external input, which attracted rice researchers because of higher yields compared with conventional flooded practices. This review assesses some field data for SRI performance in light of current knowledge about certain agronomic practices, focusing particularly on nitrate production in aerobic paddy soil and the possible effect of differences in nitrate uptake on rice growth, as this could help explain some part of rice performance with SRI. Aerobic soil environments realized with SRI management might be favorable for nitrification as well as for the expansion of rhizosphere area, which could enhance nitrate uptake and boost the yield potential of rice. The effect of nitrate uptake and assimilation under SRI practice on dry matter production should be studied comprehensively to explore the possibility of breaking the yield ceiling of rice.     

纸坊沟流域黄土丘陵区土地生产力变化与生态环境改善

该文以黄土丘陵区纸坊沟为研究区,系统分析了该流域土地利用变化及其对生态环境变化的影响,并深入探讨了土地生产力变化与生态环境改善间的关系及政策在其中的作用。结果表明,由于林草植被在控制水土流失方面的特殊作用,林灌草用地与农耕地间的相互转化,是导致流域生态环境发生变化的直接原因。在1958年,由于植被的彻底破坏,流域不仅土壤侵蚀剧烈,而且土地生产力也为历史最低水平,生态环境极度恶化。随着林草植被的恢复,尤其是随着退耕还林（草）工程的实施,流域生态环境得到明显改善。流域生态环境的变化与土地生产力的变化切相关。土地生产力的提高,可以有效地降低人均最小耕地面积,大大缓减了由于人口增长而引起的农耕地的扩张,间接促进农耕地向林草等生态用地的转移,有效地促进了生态环境的改善。政策可以通过新技术的推广等提高土地生产力进而促进生态环境的改善,但政策也可以通过直接的实物补贴等对土地利用结构产生影响,如退耕补贴。政策途径的选择与特定的社会经济条件有关。     

滴灌水肥一体化对温室葡萄生理特性及水肥利用效率的影响

为探究中国东北地区日光温室种植条件下滴灌水肥一体化对葡萄生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响,以3年生的\     

Soil Testing as a Tool for On-Farm Fertility Management: Experience from the Semi-arid Zone of India

Rainfed agriculture in the dry regions is affected by water shortages. Our earlier research showed that the deficiencies not only of major nutrients but also those of sulfur (S) and micronutrients are holding back the potential of agricultural production systems. The objectives of this article are to discuss the efficacy of soil testing to diagnose nutrient deficiencies using 28,270 diverse soil samples collected from farmers' fields in the semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of India and to confirm the efficacy of the soil test-based balanced nutrient management in enhancing productivity of a range of crops in on-farm farmer participatory trials under rainfed conditions. Results of a large numbers of on-farm trials demonstrated that soil testing is indeed an effective tool for on-farm fertility management, a prerequisite for sustainably enhancing the productivity in rainfed areas in the SAT regions of India. The need to strengthen the soil-testing infrastructure in the country is emphasized.     

华北平原旱地不同熟制作物产量、效益和水分利用比较

针对华北平原地下水超采严重,通过研究雨养旱作条件下不同熟制的产量、投入产出和水分利用效率,探索华北平原缺水区雨养旱作条件下的节水种植制度,可为地下水超采提供技术支撑。以当地主栽种植模式冬小麦和夏玉米一年2熟种植和春玉米一年1熟种植为研究对象,通过大田试验对雨养旱作条件下冬小麦、夏玉米和春玉米3种作物构成的2种种植制度的产量、耗水、投入、产出进行分析。试验于2007—2013年在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站进行,该站为华北平原高产农区的典型代表。试验共设2个处理,T1为冬小麦-夏玉米一年2熟制,T2为春玉米一年1熟制。T1中的冬小麦生育期为每年的10月中上旬至翌年的6月中旬,夏玉米为6月中下旬至10月上旬,冬小麦品种大部分年份为‘科农199’,夏玉米品种为‘郑单958’。T2中春玉米的生育期为每年的5月中下旬至当年的9月上中旬,品种为‘农大108’、‘浚单20’、‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’。试验区从2007年9月至2013年6月一直未灌溉,为雨养旱作条件。研究结果表明,雨养旱作条件下,冬小麦产量基本稳定;夏玉米和春玉米产量随年型不同波动较大,尤其是夏玉米产量受播种时土壤含水量的影响较大,很多年份由于干旱少雨,玉米出苗时间推迟,导致玉米产量大幅度降低。T1比T2虽然具有明显的产量优势,增产34.1%,但由于冬小麦生产投入较高,T1的净收益比T2低279.97元·hm-2。3种作物的生产投入中,农资和机械投入比例最大,劳动力投入占很小比例,农资投入中,化肥投入最高;3种作物的产投比分别为1.42、2.66和3.42,雨养旱作条件下冬小麦的产投比最低,春玉米最高。从作物的耗水结构分析,冬小麦生育期降雨较少,以消耗雨季储存于土壤中的土壤水分为主,春(夏)玉米生育期降雨较多以消耗降雨为主。目前,生产上正在自发地压缩冬小麦的种植面积,春玉米一年1熟种植面积迅速增加。因此,在保证区域粮食安全的条件下,通过调整农业种植结构可以控制水资源的过度开采,保证农业持续发展。     

耕作方式对华北冬小麦.夏玉米周年产量和水分利用的影响

在冬小麦季设置秸秆不还田翻耕(CT)、秸秆还田翻耕(CTS)、秸秆还田旋耕(RTS)和免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种处理,研究耕作方式对华北小麦-玉米两熟区作物周年产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明:耕作方式对当季冬小麦产量和水分利用影响显著,对夏玉米产量和水分利用影响不大,但秸秆还田提高了夏玉米产量。RTS、CTS、CT 3个处理小麦季产量差异不显著,而NTS由于有效穗数不足,产量显著低于其他处理;与CT相比,NTS周年产量平均减产5.13%,RTS增产2.69%,CTS增产2.33%。耕作方式对当季小麦土壤水分含量影响大,而对后茬夏玉米土壤水分含量的影响较小。NTS提高了小麦季土壤水分含量,增加了土壤储水量,与CT相比,0~60 cm土壤储水量2010年和2011年分别增加39.07 mm和26.65 mm。从耗水构成来看,土壤水在冬小麦耗水中所占比例最大,其次为灌水和降水;而夏玉米耗水以降水为主,且降水中有一部分转化为土壤水储存起来。NTS提高了冬小麦季土壤储水量,降低了土壤水分的消耗,冬小麦季耗水最少。与CT相比,NTS小麦季平均节水22.40 mm,周年耗水量也以NTS最少;但NTS冬小麦产量降低导致其小麦季和周年水分利用效率均最低。从作物周年产量和水分利用的角度来看,如何提高免耕秸秆覆盖小麦季产量,进而提高周年产量,发挥其节水优势,是该耕作模式在华北地区冬小麦?夏玉米两熟区推广应用亟需解决的关键问题。     

Linking the gaps between conservation research and conservation management of rare dipterocarps: A case study of Shorea lumutensis

To conserve a rare plant, conservation programs must be guided by the biological attributes of the species. What constitutes the most critical biological information for plant conservation has been the issue of discussion for the last 30 years. Most scientists promote an approach that is either ecological or genetic in emphasis. Ecological and genetic processes will often interact synergistically to influence the population viability and to determine the persistence of populations in the long run. Consequently, conservation management of plant species, in addition to ecological information, requires a robust understanding of underlying genetic processes as well as the variation within and between populations. Conservation has a cost and the resources available for conservation programs are always limited. Therefore, conservation management strategies should not only be scientifically justified but also practical in terms of resource availability. Shorea lumutensis is a rare and endemic dipterocarp in Peninsular Malaysia. A comprehensive research activity was initiated to assess the population ecology and population genetics of S. lumutensis to elucidate specific ecological and genetic requirements and subsequently to set conservation strategies and priorities. This paper is apparently the first attempt at applying both the ecological and genetic approaches into conservation management of a rare dipterocarp. In addition, this paper also attempts to link the gaps between conservation research and conservation management in a realistic manner. It is our hope that this study will serve as a model for the study of other rare dipterocarps which should be given priority for conservation.