大白鼠不成熟心肌缺血损伤后微血管变化的形态学研究

采用组织学,墨汁灌注组织切片方法,观察１４－１８日龄大鼠在体结扎左冠状动脉前降支后心肌微血管的变化规律。结果,结扎动脉以下区域心肌出现明显的缺血损伤及修复的变化。这一变化过程可分为血管缺乏期,血管增生期和血管稀疏期３个阶段,与成人,成年兔和成年大白鼠相比,幼龄大白鼠不成熟心肌对缺血损伤的修复较快。     

驴和大白鼠脾气虚模型体液免疫功能的研究

为探讨脾气虚证的发生机理,本所中医室采用厚朴三物汤造模,并用四君子汤复健以反证。本研究采用火箭电泳法对造模前后及复健前后驴和大鼠血清IgG,驴唾液SIgA含量变化进行观测,初步探讨了体液免疫功能变化与脾气虚证的关系。     

网球运动对中老年肥胖者血脂的影响

目的:观察网球运动对中老年肥胖者血脂的影响。方法:将27名肥胖者随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组应用网球运动方法干预24周,对照组不作特殊干预,实验前后分别检测受试者总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白,统计分析各组数据。结果:与对照组比较,实验组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白降低,高密度脂蛋白升高,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白明显升高,具有极其显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:网球运动能降低中老年肥胖者血脂指标,降低其因肥胖所致风险。     

中药促孕液及其组分药对大白鼠肠系膜微循环和家兔子宫运动的影响

运用微循环研究技术和器官运动描记技术观察中药促孕液及其组分药红花、淫羊藿和益母草对大鼠肠系膜微循环和家兔子宫运动的影响。结果表明，促孕液能使大鼠肠系膜微动脉、微静脉扩张，毛细血管网交点数增加，具有显著的改善微循环的作用，其中红花和益母草起主要作用；促孕液也能缓和地促进子宫运动，其中红花起主要作用。这两种作用是促孕液治疗母畜卵巢静止和持久黄体性不孕症的部分机理。     

鸡骨草提取液对高能低蛋白饲料饲喂蛋鸡血脂指标的影响

试验旨在探究鸡骨草(ACH)提取液对高能低蛋白饲料饲喂蛋鸡血脂指标的影响.将60只90日龄蛋鸡,随机分为5组,即空白对照组(基础饲料)、模型组(高能低蛋白饲料)、低剂量组(高能低蛋白饲料+0.5 g/只鸡骨草提取液,LACH)、中剂量组(高能低蛋白饲料+1 g/只鸡骨草提取液,MACH)、高剂量组(高能低蛋白饲料+2 ...     

竞争环境变化下的饲料企业出路

近年来,我们发现饲料原料价格在持续走高,而且居高不下,饲料配方可调控的成本空间越来越小;养殖业集中度在提高,但是疾病多而复杂;饲料安全问题频频发生,食品安全难以保证,消费者信心下降……     

鸡蛋的异常变化与饲料搭配

鸡蛋的异常变化与饲料搭配陕西省泾阳县永乐饲料厂王晋杰鸡蛋的外形结构及其内容物与正常蛋不同的变化，称为鸡蛋的异常变化。防止鸡蛋的异常变化是提高产蛋鸡的产蛋率和蛋的商品价值及种用价值的重要方而。鸡蛋异常变化的表现形式很多，其产生的原因也是多方面的。饲料搭...     

Effects of exercise training on carbohydrate and lipid catabolism in the swimming muscles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aims to determine the effects of exercise training on carbohydrate and lipid catabolism in the swimming muscles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring the levels of related enzymes, lipids and free fatty acids. We designed one control group and two training groups of fish that were exercised at different training intensities [0, 1 and 1.5 body lengths per second (bl/s)]. The fish in the experimental groups were trained for 12 h/day for 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, the 1 and 1.5 bl/s groups showed significantly increased hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities in red muscle (p < 0.05). In white muscle, pyruvate kinase activity was significantly higher in the 1.5 bl/s group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and hexokinase activity did not significantly differ between the groups. The activities of hormone‐sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in both muscle types were significantly lower in the training groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The plasma‐free fatty acid level decreased (p < 0.05), while the lipid percentages increased in red muscle (p < 0.05) after exercise training. These findings clearly indicated that with exercise training, glycolysis increased and lipid oxidation decreased in the swimming muscle of tilapia.     

饮茶对镉染毒SD大鼠抗氧化和脂质代谢的影晌

选用体质量均匀的成年雌、雄SD大鼠,并分为对照组、镉染毒组和镉染毒饮茶干扰组。在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,对照组饮用自来水;镉染毒纽饮用含镉（60mg／L）的水;镉染毒饮荼干扰组饮用舍镉（60mg／L）的龙井茶,探讨饮茶对镉毒性的干预效果。结果表明,镉可造成细胞脂质过氧化,细胞抗氧化能力降低,影响细胞正常代谢,并可导致机体血脂升高、动脉硬化的几率增加。饮茶拮抗镉的脂质过氧化损伤,激活了体内的抗氧化防御系统,并可降血脂、预防动脉硬化及调节脂质代谢。     

野山杏杏仁油影响大鼠血脂生物学效应的研究

采用反相超临界CO2萃取法（SFE-CO2）提取野山杏杏仁油,气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析有效成分,以高血脂动物模型考察高、中、低剂量野山杏、杏仁油的降血脂效应。结果表明,野山杏杏仁油中油酸、亚油酸含量占总脂肪酸的90%以上;药理实验表明,高剂量组的TC值及中、高剂量的TG值与高脂对照组比较有显著性差异和高度显著性,高、中、剂量组能降低高血脂大鼠肝脏脂肪含量,证明野山杏杏仁油具有降低大鼠血脂生物学效应的作用。     

Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise

Abstract: Physical exercise in the horse induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Increasing metabolism and oxygen uptake may induce oxidative stress in various organs. The aim of this study was to examine exercise-induced changes in some plasma and RBC biochemical and antioxidant variables in pentathlon horses. Blood samples were taken from 14 horses before, immediately after, and 24 hours after competing in two 1-minute runs of intense exercise over jumps. The peak intensity periods were preceded by a 20-minute warm-up and separated by a 20-minute break. The following plasma biochemical analytes were determined: total protein, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) also were measured. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total protein concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in RBC hemolysates. Significantly increased concentrations of total protein, lactate, and FRAP, and increased activities of CK and LDH were observed immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise samples (P < .05). All results returned to approximately initial values after 24 hours of rest. RBC GSH and TBARS concentrations did not change immediately after exercise, but decreased after 24 hours of rest (P < .05). Plasma uric acid and FRAP values were positively correlated in a linear model ( r = .78). In summary, the type of exercise applied in this study, which can be considered quite usual for pentathlon horses, caused detectable biochemical and lipid peroxidative changes in plasma and RBCs. FRAP and TAS values changed in opposite directions, indicating that when antioxidant capacity is assessed using different methods, highly different results may be obtained.     

The effects of overtraining on blood volumes in standardbred racehorses

Red blood cell hypervolaemia has been used for diagnosis of overtraining in racehorses, and has been suggested as a mechanism of this cause of loss of racing performance. The effects of overload training (OLT) on the plasma, blood and red cell volumes were investigated in a prospective study in 12 Standardbred horses. Measurements of blood volumes were made after eight and 32 weeks of an exercise training study. Horses were randomly allocated to OLT and control groups (n=6) after 16 weeks of training. Training duration and intensity were increased more rapidly for the OLT group from week 16, until overtraining was diagnosed in week 32.There were no significant effects of OLT on plasma, blood or total red cell volumes between weeks eight and 32. These volumes significantly decreased with time. Maximal haematocrit after exercise was lower (P<0.05) in the OT group in week 32 (0.57+/-0.003% L/L) than in week eight (0.59+/-0.004 L/L). It was concluded that red cell hypervolaemia was not a mechanism for the decrease in capacity for exercise that occurs with overtraining.     

Treadmill exercise prevents diabetes-induced increases in lipid peroxidation and decreases in Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase levels in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats

In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on lipid peroxidation and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) levels in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and lean control rats (ZLC) during the onset of diabetes. At 7 weeks of age, ZLC and ZDF rats were either placed on a stationary treadmill or made to run for 1 h/day for 5 consecutive days at 16~22 m/min for 5 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, the ZDF rats had significantly higher blood glucose levels and body weight than the ZLC rats. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus of the ZDF rats were significantly higher than those of the ZLC rats whereas SOD1 levels in the hippocampus of the ZDF rats were moderately decreased. Notably, treadmill exercise prevented the increase of blood glucose levels in ZDF rats. In addition, treadmill exercise significantly ameliorated changes in MDA and SOD1 levels in the hippocampus although SOD activity was not altered. These findings suggest that diabetes increases lipid peroxidation and decreases SOD1 levels, and treadmill exercise can mitigate diabetes-induced oxidative damage in the hippocampus.     

Effects of feed form on growth and blood glucose in weanling horses

Eight weanling Standardbred horses were used to evaluate the effects on growth and plasma glucose of two differently processed diets with identical ingredients fed at a rate of 3% of body weight, as fed, daily. The daily ration was divided into two equal feedings at 7:00 am and 7:00 pm. The hay and grain diet (diet HG) consisted of 50% alfalfa hay cubes and 50% of a commercial growing horse texturized grain mix fed as is, without any further processing, with each part fed in separate containers. The completely pelleted diet (diet P) consisted of the same proportions of the hay cubes and grain mix that was ground, pelleted, and fed in a single container. Two groups of four horses were fed either diet P or diet HG for two 21-day periods such that each horse consumed each diet for 21 days. On the last day of each feeding period, 7-mL blood samples were drawn into heparinized evacuated blood tubes for determination of plasma glucose concentration. Blood samples were drawn 30 minutes before the afternoon feeding, immediately before, and every 30 minutes thereafter for 5 hours. Analysis of variance found greater (P = .027) average daily gain for horses fed diet P versus diet HG. A nonsignificant difference was seen in feed efficiency (P = .057) for horses fed diet P versus diet HG. Plasma glucose changes were compared across treatments using area under the curve analysis. No difference (P > .05) was found in the postprandial plasma glucose changes between diet treatments.     

The effect of physical training on skeletal muscle enzyme composition in pigs.

Running exercise in pigs results in an elevation of lactic acid in blood. This elevation in blood lactate does not occur in physically conditioned pigs. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase, fructose-l,6-diphosphate aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine Phosphokinase as well as the myoglobin content were determined in m. gastrocnemius from 6 ergometer-trained and 4 untrained pigs. The succinic dehydrogenase and myoglobin contents were significantly higher (P<0.01) in trained animals, whereas no changes were noted in the aldolase and creatine Phosphokinase contents. The lactate dehydrogenase showed somewhat reduced levels in the trained pigs. This was accompanied by an increased H/M subunit ratio. The results provide evidence for an increase in the maximal aerobic metabolism in trained pigs and that trained pigs to a higher extent can rely on an aerobic energy metabolism during running exercise.     

小白鼠卵泡壁发育的形态学研究

选择性成熟的纯种小白鼠，用ＦＳＨ和ｈｃＧ处理，取其卵巢，制成光学切片，显微镜下观察卵泡壁发育的形态学变化过程。胚胎阶段发育而来的原始卵泡的扁平细胞钭发育为颗粒层细胞，颗粒细胞最初在单层上增殖细胞的数量；卵泡膜在初级卵泡在初期就开始形成，是由卵巢基质中的扁平样细胞发育而来；卵泡膜中的血管是由卵巢基质中血管伸入形成，在初级卵泡刚开始形成时就开始生长发育。     

鱼油在饲料中的应用研究

鱼油富含（ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸——二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）,具有重要的营养生理功能,在饲料中已广泛应用。本文就鱼油的营养生理功能、在饲料中的应用、氧化及抗氧化等方面作一简要综述。