葡萄花器官体细胞胚的诱导和植株再生

通过探索感病葡萄体细胞胚发生途径建立再生体系,为葡萄抗病基因转化提供受体材料与理论依据。通过对小孢子显微观察确定最佳取样时期,取雌蕊、雄蕊和小花蕾作为外植体,用2种消毒方法消毒后,对比污染率,接种于4种不同的愈伤诱导培养基中,将诱导出的愈伤全部转移到体胚诱导培养基中,对体胚的不同发育时期进行观察,并比较4种不同培养基对...     

欧洲葡萄体胚诱导及农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究

以欧洲葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)品种"无核白"(‘Thompson Seedless’)、"佳利酿"(‘Carignane’)、"红地球"(‘Red Globe’)的雄蕊、雌蕊和花蕾为外植体,对花器官体细胞胚诱导及农杆菌介导的转芪合成酶基因进行研究。结果表明:所采用的5种胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,MC培养基较适于雄蕊胚性愈伤组织的诱导,"无核白"、"佳利酿"和"红地球"雄蕊的胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为1.7%、0.3%和11.8%;PIV培养基可诱导"无核白"和"佳利酿"雌蕊胚性愈伤组织形成,诱导率分别为4.0%和3.2%,而"红地球"雌蕊在MC培养基上诱导率最高,达5.6%;仅"红地球"的花蕾在MS1培养基上可诱导产生胚性愈伤组织,诱导率为0.5%。改良X6液体培养基较有利于次生胚的诱导;B培养基有利于体细胞胚萌发成苗。转基因材料经抗性筛选和植株再生,获得了2株"无核白"抗性苗,经PCR和PCR-Southern检测表明,目的基因被整合到转基因植株中。     

番木瓜均质胚性细胞悬浮系的建立和高效植株再生

【目的】提高番木瓜体细胞胚发生的同步性及其植株再生率,为番木瓜大量快繁、细胞工程和分子育种技术研发提供技术基础。【方法】以紫晖110～120 d果实的未成熟合子胚为外植体,经胚性愈伤组织诱导、液体悬浮培养和体细胞胚发生过程,建立均质胚性细胞悬浮系和高效植株再生技术体系,重点比较了不同质量浓度2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,2,4-D)对胚性愈伤组织诱导、不同质量浓度6-苄基氨基嘌呤(6-Benzylaminopurine,6-BA)+萘乙酸(1-naphthlcetic acid,NAA)组合和活性炭(activated carbon,AC)对子叶期体细胞胚萌发与生根的影响。【结果】4 mg·L^-12,4-D可诱导62.86%未成熟合子胚形成胚性愈伤组织。经5个继代周期的筛选培养,可建立由单细胞和小细胞团组成的均质胚性细胞悬浮系。采用液体培养方式能诱导大量球形胚的形成,被转移至含5 g·L^-1AC的半固定培养基成熟培养30 d后,可获得大量子叶期体细胞胚。在含0.4 mg·L^-1<...     

杧果幼胚发育阶段对离体培养物诱导效果的影响

【目的】明确幼胚愈伤诱导和胚抢救最佳时期,为杧果高效体胚发生体系构建及胚抢救技术有效利用提供依据。【方法】以'热农1号'杧果为材料,探讨幼胚不同发育时期和植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织诱导的影响,同时比较了幼胚不同发育时期对幼胚萌发的影响。【结果】授粉后25 d幼胚处于球形胚期,30 d处于心形胚期,35 d处于鱼雷胚期,40 d之后处于子叶胚期。授粉后40 d早期子叶胚愈伤组织诱导率显著高于其他时期;早期子叶胚在含有3.0 mg·L~(~(-1))2,4-D、1.0 mg·L~(~(-1))KT(或0.5 mg·L~(~(-1))KT及0.5 mg·L~(~(-1))ZT)培养基(PM3和PM4)中愈伤组织诱导率最高,为54.4%～62.2%,显著高于其他培养基。授粉后35 d鱼雷胚的萌发率最高,为47.2%,显著高于其他时期。愈伤组织能经体胚发生途径正常成苗,幼胚萌发后也能正常发育成苗。【结论】'热农1号'杧果幼胚愈伤诱导最适宜的时期是早期子叶胚,胚抢救最适宜的时期是鱼雷胚阶段。     

香榧体细胞胚发生、发育的形态与细胞学观察

将香榧(Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’)的未成熟合子胚置于SH+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+500 mg·L-1AC+3%蔗糖+0.5 g·L-1 Gln培养基上暗培养45 d,诱导产生半透明颗粒状胚性愈伤组织;将胚性愈伤组织转入SH+20 g·L-1 PEG+10 mg·L-1 ABA培养基中暗培养3个月诱导体细胞胚。采用碘—碘化钾染色和石蜡切片技术对体胚起源、形态发育与细胞组织学进行了观察。结果表明:胚性愈伤组织起源于合子胚胚轴表皮或皮层细胞的对称分裂。胚性愈伤组织含有两类细胞,一种是细胞质浓厚、细胞核大、体积小的圆形胚性细胞,另一种是高度液泡化拉长的细胞。胚性愈伤组织包含由这两种细胞构成的原胚团Ⅰ、原胚团Ⅱ和原胚团Ⅲ,以及一些游离细胞。原胚团Ⅲ在无植物生长调节剂的SH基本培养基上形成原胚,原胚接入成熟培养基,历经球形、棒状、心形、鱼雷形胚后发育成子叶胚。将子叶胚转入萌发培养基后胚根伸长,胚芽发育长出针叶,形成完整的再生植株。同时在离体培养中合子胚胚柄处退化的裂生多胚也能重新发育形成胚体。在初生体胚发育过程中表面常伴有次生体细胞胚的形成。     

朱顶红幼嫩花梗胚性愈伤组织诱导和高效植株再生

为建立高效的朱顶红植株再生和种苗繁育技术体系,以幼嫩花梗为外植体开展胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究。对2,4-D和噻苯隆（TDZ）浓度、外植体发育时期及大小进行了筛选,结果表明：将切片厚度为1 mm的幼嫩花梗外植体置于添加0.5 mg ? L-1 TDZ 和2.0 mg ? L-1 2,4-D的MS固体培养基上培养8周,胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,达85.3%。将胚性愈伤组织转移至相同的培养基上,每月继代1次,平均每月增殖10.6倍。在不含任何生长调节剂的MS培养基上,胚性愈伤组织的植株再生率达98.0%,平均每块愈伤组织可再生出12.3个小植株。经过36次（3年）继代培养后,胚性愈伤组织的增殖和植株再生效率没有显著变化。幼苗移栽至温室驯化,成活率达97.5%。再生植株移栽到田间,没有发现明显的表型变异。对随机选择的再生植株和母株进行简单序列重复区间（ISSR）扩增分析,证实再生植株没有发生DNA水平变异。     

南丰蜜桔胚性愈伤组织的诱导

以南丰蜜桔"杨小—26"花药为外植体,培养诱导胚性愈伤组织。结果表明:在不同取材时期和培养基条件下,胚性愈伤组织发生率是不同的。南丰蜜桔花药培养的取材最佳时期是单核靠边期;培养基LP+TDZ3.0mg/L+A1.03.0mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L+10mg/LAgNO3较适于胚性愈伤组织再生,再生率高达20.3%;培养基配方中AgNO3对胚性愈伤组织再生无显著影响。本研究首次报道了南丰蜜桔花药离体培养,诱导出胚性愈伤组织。     

野生毛桃叶片愈伤组织诱导及不定芽再生

【目的】为了初步建立野生‘毛桃1号’叶片愈伤组织诱导、保存及不定芽再生技术体系,【方法】以野生‘毛桃1号’试管苗幼嫩叶片为外植体,探讨了基本培养基、激素配比等一系列因素对‘毛桃1号’叶片愈伤组织诱导和保存的影响及TDZ浓度对愈伤组织不定芽再生的影响。【结果】结果表明,适合‘毛桃1号’叶片愈伤组织诱导的培养基为LP+6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1+2,4-D 3.0 mg.L-1+AgNO30.5 mg.L-1+蔗糖30.0 g.L-1+琼脂6.0 g.L-1;保存的培养基为LP+2,4-D1.5 mg.L-1+CH 0.4 g.L-1+蔗糖30 g.L-1+CA 3.0 g.L-1或PVP 3.0 g.L-1+琼脂5.8 g.L-1,且采用持续暗培养保存,每28 d继代1次。愈伤组织在SH+TDZ 3.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.3 mg.L-1+蔗糖30 g.L-1+琼脂6.0 g.L-1的培养基上可再生不定芽,再生率为6.83%。【结论】初步建立了‘毛桃1号’叶片愈伤组织诱导、保存及不定芽再生体系,为桃愈伤组织再生和遗传转化的研究奠定了基础。     

水芋体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生休系的建立

以水芋幼叶为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导、体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的培养基,建立了水芋体细胞胚胎发生体系.对不同阶段培养材料的形态结构及超微结构的观察证明了水芋体细胞胚胎的发育过程.结果表明:水芋叶片胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导最适宜培养基为:LS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,诱导率为98.5%;体胚发育及植株再生最适宜的培养基为:LS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L,体胚萌发率为96%,萌发的体胚在发育培养基上继续培养25 d后全部发育成完整植株.     

多花蔷薇假珠芽诱导、体细胞胚发生及植株高效再生

 以多花蔷薇‘无刺3号’成熟种子为外植体,探讨了假珠芽诱导、体细胞胚发生及植株高效再生的方法。结果表明,种子的子叶在添加2, 4-D 0.5～2 mg·L-1的1/2 MS培养基上暗培养30 d后所产生的愈伤组织,接种到添加TDZ 5～20 mg·L-1的1/2 MS培养基上光培养20 d产生初级假珠芽。假珠芽在添加TDZ 10 mg·L-1和GA3 0.1 mg·L-1的诱导培养基上暗培养20 d后,在含麦芽糖的无激素培养基上光培养产生少量次级假珠芽和胚性愈伤组织。假珠芽保存在诱导培养基上。胚性愈伤组织可发育成大量正常体细胞胚,继而再生正常植物。假珠芽可通过上述方法不断诱导体细胞胚和假珠芽,通过这种方法假珠芽已经保存了2年。     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Some responses of cucumber,grown in beds of peat,to N,K and Mg

Two levels of N and four levels of K, applied to beds of sphagnum peat before planting (Experiment A), were tested in factorial combination with three concentrations of N (50, 175 and 300 mg 1^-1) and two of K (50 and 250 mg T1) in the liquid feed. In three cucumber crops grown, Mg was supplied or omitted before planting as a split plot factor (96 subplots). In two further crops (Experiment B), grown in fresh peat, six concentrations of N (20-320 mg 1^-1) were tested in the liquid feed, all other nutrient levels being constant. In Experiment A, the early yield was reduced by low and high levels of N. The main effect of N on the final yield was not significant, but maximum yield was achieved with 175-300 mg 1^-1 N in the liquid feed where the peat received a small amount of ureaformaldehyde (15 g m“2) and Mg fertilizer. The N x Mg interaction became increasingly marked with successive crops; the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<31%) increased with the amount of N applied. K deficiency reduced the yield by up to 66%, and very high levels of K also tended to decrease the yield. The K x Mg interaction became more marked with time and the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<23%) increased with the amount of K applied. Leaves from N, K and Mg deficient plants contained <2.5% N, <1.0% K and <0.28% Mg respectively. In Experiment B, where N was supplied only in the liquid feed, the highest yield was obtained at 220 mg 1^-1. The relation between yield and the total amount of N supplied in the feed was defined by a quadratic regression.     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

盆景果树集"艺术欣赏与果实享用"于一身。文章重点阐述盆景果树的定义、发展史与现状、分类与特点、文化和经济的双重价值等内容。     

早熟优质迷你西瓜品种玲珑王的选育

玲珑王是杂交一代西瓜新品种,早熟,全生育期100 d,果实发育期28 d.植株长势中强,低温弱光条件下坐果性好,果实商品率较高.果实椭圆形,果彤指数1.28.果皮绿底覆深绿色窄条带,皮厚约5 mm,果肉鲜红色,中心折光糖含量11.7%,肉质细脆,汁多纤维少,口感风味好.抗病性、抗逆性较强.单瓜质量1.5 kg,1 hm2产量达到33 000～58 500 kg.