不同光质对‘秋红宝’葡萄试管苗生长的影响

【目的】探索不同光质对‘秋红宝’葡萄试管苗生长及生理特性的影响。【方法】以‘秋红宝’葡萄试管苗为试材,设置7种不同光质处理,观测试管苗的株高、茎粗、叶片叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标,并结合主成分分析和灰色关联分析筛选出最优光质。【结果】单白光与单红光处理的株高显著高于其他处理;单蓝光处理的植株根数和最长根长均达到各处理最大值,且叶片叶绿素含量均显著高于其他处理;红蓝光质4∶1处理的叶片SOD活性显著高于其他处理;POD与CAT活性在红蓝光质5∶1中最高。综合灰色关联分析得出最适光质排序为:红蓝光质5∶1单蓝光单白光单红光红蓝白光质3∶1∶1红蓝光质4∶1红蓝光质3∶1。【结论】红蓝5∶1光质可作为促进‘秋红宝’葡萄试管苗生长的最理想光质;影响不同光质下试管苗生长的主要指标有总叶绿素、最长根长、株高、叶长、SOD。     

基于转录组研究补光对设施‘红地球’葡萄萌芽的影响

【目的】探究不同光质补光对设施‘红地球’葡萄冬芽萌发的影响。【方法】以8年生‘红地球’葡萄为试验材料,采用4种不同光质补光(红蓝光2∶1、蓝光、红光、白光)处理‘红地球’冬芽,以不补光为对照,进行生理指标测定和转录组学分析。【结果】红蓝光2∶1处理下芽萌发最快,其展叶率及可溶性糖、总蛋白和H_2O_2含量均高于其他处理。利用FPKM计算基因表达量,以差异表达倍数|log_2fold changes|≥1、P-adjust 0.05为筛选条件,共获得1423个差异表达基因,包括上调基因309个,下调基因1114个,其中红蓝光2∶1、蓝光、红光、白光处理与对照之间的差异基因数目分别为1051、880、836和325个;GO分析发现差异基因涉及代谢过程、细胞过程、结合和催化活性等。KEGG分析显示,差异基因主要富集在植物与真菌互作、植物激素信号转导、内质网蛋白加工、植物MAPK信号通路等途径;其中植物信号转导途径中生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸、乙烯、油菜素内酯和茉莉酸信号转导相关基因在红蓝光2∶1处理下表达显著。根据富集结果随机选取9个差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证,基因的表达趋势与转录测序结果基本一致。【结论】不同光质补光均加快了葡萄芽的萌发,红蓝光2∶1可作为葡萄芽萌发的理想光质;植物激素信号转导通路中SAUR、A-ARR、GID1、PYR/PYL、PP2C基因的差异表达,是各处理葡萄芽萌发差异的重要原因。     

基于转录组研究光质对转色期红地球葡萄果实着色及品质的影响

[目的]探讨不同光质对设施红地球葡萄果实着色及品质的影响,并从中挖掘出关键的光调控基因.[方法]以8年生红地球葡萄为试验材料,采用4种不同光质(红蓝光2∶1、蓝光、红光、白光)补光处理设施红地球葡萄,以不补光为对照,对果实中花青素、还原糖、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量进行测定,并对果皮进行转录组测序.[结果]不同光质处理下果实中花青素、还原糖和可溶性固形物含量均高于对照,其中在蓝光处理下最高.利用FPKM计算基因表达量,以差异表达倍数| log2fold changes|≥1,P-adjust＜0.05为筛选条件,共获得1313个差异表达基因,包括上调基因728个,下调基因585个,其中红蓝光、蓝光、红光、白光处理与对照之间的差异基因数目分别为638、434、375和320个.GO分析发现差异基因与代谢过程、细胞过程、膜、催化活性、结合等条目密切相关.KEGG分析发现不同光质通过调控葡萄光合作用、类黄酮生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等相关基因表达进而影响葡萄果实着色及品质.根据富集结果选取9个差异表达基因,经qRT-PCR验证,基因表达趋势与转录组测序结果一致.[结论]不同光质补光均能改善葡萄果实的着色及品质,其中以蓝光的效果最为明显;葡萄果实中类黄酮基因CHS、F3H及淀粉和蔗糖代谢基因INV、SPS、HK和BG的差异表达,是导致各处理葡萄果实着色及品质差异的重要原因.     

光质对延迟栽培巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响

研究了不同光质补光对延迟栽培3年生巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同光质补光处理均提高了葡萄果实可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量,其中蓝光和红光处理效果最好;红光和蓝光处理果实可滴定酸含量高于对照,而黄光和白光处理效果不及对照;黄光和蓝光处理明显提高果实花青苷含量,红光和(红+蓝)光处理效果不及对照。综合来看,对于延迟栽培巨峰葡萄的补光效果以蓝光为最佳。     

补光处理对巨峰葡萄春果花色苷组分的影响

【目的】探究不同光质和时长补光处理对设施栽培条件下巨峰葡萄(Vitis.labusca×V.vinifera)春果果皮中花色苷组分的影响,以期为设施栽培鲜食葡萄春果栽培技术提升提供理论依据。【方法】以4年生巨峰葡萄为试材,在新梢长至30 cm时开始进行白光、红光和蓝光的夜间补光处理,每天18:00时开始,分别补光6 h和12 h,至果实膨大期结束。果实成熟期利用液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术对巨峰葡萄春果果皮的花色苷组成和含量进行测定。【结果】不同光质和时长的补光处理显著增加巨峰葡萄春果重量、纵横径和可溶性固形物含量,其中白光-12 h处理的效果最好。红光-6h和白光-6 h显著降低果实花色苷总量,蓝光处理的巨峰葡萄果实花色苷总量与对照没有显著性差异,仅有白光-12 h处理显著增加花色苷总量。红光-6 h和白光-12 h处理显著降低巨峰葡萄果皮中3',5'-羟基取代花色苷比例。红光-6 h、蓝光6 h、蓝光-12 h和白光-12 h处理显著增加巨峰葡萄果皮中乙酰化花色苷比例。【结论】在新梢长至30 cm到果实膨大阶段使用白光进行夜间补光处理12 h,增加果实可溶性固形物含量和果皮花色苷总量的效果最佳。蓝光处理有助于提高稳定花色苷比例。因此,在生产实践中,可以选择不同光质补光来调节设施栽培葡萄果实的生长发育,提高不同产期调节下的果实品质,最终实现优质葡萄周年生产供应的目标。     

光照对番茄果实中番茄红素生物合成的调控研究进展

概述了光照对番茄红素生物合成调控的研究进展,探究光照在基因转录、转录后、光胁迫、光合产物等层面对番茄红素生物合成的辅助调控机制.结论表明:红光/远红光对PSY基因转录调控是主要方式之一,红光/远红光、蓝光及紫外光信号转导中存在交叉联系,HY5、PIF及COP1等光响应因子同时参与多种不同光质的信号转导过程.红光/远红光...     

不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢生长及生理特性的影响

为研究不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢形态特征和叶绿素含量、叶片光合特性的影响,从‘巨峰’葡萄新梢开始生长前进行不同光质的早晚补光,以不补光为对照。结果表明,不同光质补光均促进新梢生长,缩短了新梢节间长度;不同光质补光下叶绿素含量大小顺序为黄光、红光、白光、蓝光、红＋蓝光、对照：不同光质对叶片的净光合速率影响很大,以补红光处理的最强,补黄光的次之,补红光＋蓝光的最低．     

LED光质对‘夏黑’葡萄光合特性和生理指标的影响

【目的】在遮光条件下,研究不同的LED光质对葡萄叶片光合特性和生理指标的影响。【方法】以嫁接的‘夏黑’葡萄为实验材料,对葡萄叶片进行不同光质处理,测定分析了光质对葡萄叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、光合色素含量与酶活性的影响。【结果】与对照(CK)相比,不同的LED光质均显著提高了‘夏黑’葡萄叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)以及蒸腾速率(Tr),并且有利于叶片的光合积累。红光R630处理有利于提高‘夏黑’葡萄的叶绿素含量。蓝光处理提高了‘夏黑’葡萄的SOD酶的活性,而红光处理提高了POD酶的活性;红蓝光RRB440处理下的MDA含量最大。【结论】光质对‘夏黑’葡萄的生长有明显地促进作用。     

不同LED光质对生菜生长和营养品质的影响

在玻璃温室条件下，呆用土培盆栽的方法栽培生菜，于采收前在人工光照培养箱内用不同光质的发光二极管（LED）光源进行6d连续光照处理（光周期为24h），探讨了采收前不同光质LED连续光照处理对土培生菜生长及营养品质的影响。结果表明，白光处理下生菜的地上部生物量最小，蓝光处理的地上部生物量最大，红光居中。不同光质处理对生菜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均无显著影响。与白光相比，红光和蓝光处理显著降低了生菜地上部分硝酸盐的含量，而红蓝光处理的生菜地上部分硝酸盐的含量略低于白光处理。4种光质处理中，以红蓝光处理的VC含量最高，红光处理次之，白光和蓝光处理最低。另外，与白光处理相比，红光处理显著提高了生菜地上部的花青素含量，蓝光处理生菜地上部花青素含量最低，白光处理与红蓝光处理略高。总之，呆收前以LED红光或红蓝光进行连续光照处理，对提高设施土培生菜的营养品质的效果较好。     

LED光质对蟹味菇子实体生长的影响

在密闭培养室内采用LED灯管为光源研究了不同光质对蟹味菇子实体生长的影响。结果表明，光质不仅影响予实体的生长高度。也影响生物量。白光和蓝光下蟹味菇的高度为5．5cm-6cm，黄光下为3cm～3．5cm，橙光下为2．5cm，红光下为2．5cm，绿光下1cm-5cm。不同光质条件下蟹味菇子实体的生物量差异显著，白光和蓝光条件下蟹味菇子实体的生物量最高，达到每瓶75g-80g，显著高于黄光、橙光、绿光和红光处理。白光和蓝光处理间，以及黄光、橙光、绿光和红光处理间在子实体生物量上无显著差异     

稀土农用光源补光对草莓产量及品质的影响

本项目利用本课题利用包头中科瑞丰科技有限公司研发的草莓专用稀土农用光源补光方案,研究每天自然光+补光为12h和纯自然光条件下对于越冬草莓产量及品质的影响。本试验的结果表明:与对照试验纯自然光相比,自然光+补光为12h的草莓单果重、可溶性固形物与产量均有大幅提升;自然光+补光为12h的草莓病害发生较少,有效增强了抵御病害的能力。     

Effects of far-red light/temperature DIF and far-red light/temperature pulse combinations on height of lily hybrids

Summary

Potted bulbs of ‘Nellie White’, ‘Sunray’ and ‘Stargazer’ representing three lily hybrids [Easter (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.), Asiatic and Oriental, respectively], were forced in a glass greenhouse under three lighting regimes namely, 8.h photoperiod (8 PP) by using blackout between 1600 hours and 0800 hours to eliminate twilight; 8 PP extended with 1.h of low intensity far-red radiation (9 PP) at the beginning of the dark period; or ambient. All three lighting regimes were in a greenhouse with either a +5°C or a -5°c DIF (= T_day ±T night ) regime, while maintaining the same 24.h temperature. In a second experiment, two cultivars of each of the three lily hybrids were also grown under the same three lighting regimes with a constant day/night temperature but with either a 15°cor 25°c pulse for 3.h from 1500–1800.hours to coincide with the far-red supplementation for 9 PP. Both experiments were done during the winter and repeated the following year. Within each DIF treatment, plants which received light containing far-red at the end and start of the day (ambient) or beginning of night (9 PP) were taller than those under short day (8 PP). Plants grown under either 8 PP or ambient were taller under +DIF than under -DIF, except when 8 PP was extended with 1.h of far-red, in which case plant height was the same for either DIF. ‘Nellie White’ reacted the strongest to far-red as well as to DIF followed by ‘Sunray’ and then ‘Stargazer’. For ‘Nellie White’, the stem dry weight was increased by far-red radiation at the beginning of the dark period compared with short day or ambient, while the opposite was found for the leaf and bulb dry weights. However, total dry weight of plant was not affected by either DIF or lighting treatment. In the second experiment, plant height was not significantly affected by an end of day temperature pulse of -5°c for either the 9 PP or ambient regimes compared with a +5°c pulse.     

Effects of light intensity and light quality on the obligate shade plant Aglaonema commutatum. II. Photosynthesis and dry-matter partitioning

The introduction of Aglaonema commutatum as an ornamental plant has been an empirical process. The success reached seems due to the capacity of the species to grow in very low light intensities for long periods. The results obtained have shown: (1) the light- saturated photosynthetic rate was very low even for shade plants (0.7-1.0 (μmol m^-2s^-1), (2) growth at the lowest irradiance did not stop despite a negative net CO₂ exchange. The growth of new leaves was sustained by reserves stored in the cutting, (3) the plants grown at the lowest irradiances showed a decrease in light-saturated photosynthetic rate and a change in dry-matter partitioning with poor growth of root systems, and (4) the responses were influenced more by light intensity than by light quality.     

Crocus-forcing in artificial light

A growing-room experiment was conducted with crocuses ‘Jeanne d'Arc’, ‘Purpureus Grandiflorus’ and ‘Striped Beauty’, to determine the feasibility of reducing daylength and light intensity requirements. Even very short days of 4 hours duration and light intensity as low as 200 lx were sufficient to produce high-quality plants.     

Growth of Rhododendron cultivars as affected by temperature and light

Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptation of four Rhododendron cultivars to contrasting light and temperature conditions. Two evergreen rhododendron cultivars and two deciduous azaleas were grown for 112 d under short day (14 h) and long day (20 h) photoperiods combined with temperatures of 15 and 24°C. Additionally, these cultivars were compared for daylength extension at 24°C/long day under two irradiation treatments (incandescent lamps and fluorescent tubular lamps). The number of flushes of growth increased with increasing photoperiod and temperature in both evergreen cultivars and in R. canadense; azalea #89132 made only one flush in all treatments. In the evergreen cultivars the number of leaves per shoot in the first flush did not differ significantly between treatments, indicating that this character was predetermined by conditions during bud development. The number of leaves in later flushes increased with increasing photoperiod and temperature. The elongation growth of most flushes was also enhanced by longer photoperiod and higher temperature. High irradiation during photoperiodic extension further enhanced the growth. Azalea #89132 made more flower buds under high than low irradiation. The two evergreen cultivars differed in their growth habit. ‘Pohjola’s Daughter’ tended to continue growth in long days or at very high temperatures, and is thus predicted to thrive best in a maritime or semi-maritime cool climate. ‘Helsinki University’ responded to short daylength by ceasing growth regardless of temperature, and could be expected to perform successfully also in continental climates at latitudes around 45° N. R. canadense seemed to do best in a cool climate, but azalea #89132 should in time acclimatize in all kinds of climates within the limits of this study.     

不同光照强度对辣椒果实品质及产量的影响

辣椒是人们喜爱的一种蔬菜,其维生素C含量是辣椒品质的重要指标.光照对于蔬菜品质形成具有重要作用,目前,光照对辣椒品质、产量等方面的影响研究较少,本试验针对光照在辣椒果实品质及产量形成过程中的作用做进一步研究.     

Responses of glasshouse roses to light conditions

Effects of light intensity and duration on the vegetative and reproductive characters of the rose cultivar ‘Baccara’ were studied for a year. Production of unlighted ‘Baccara’ in S.W. England reflected the solar energy curve; the highest flower yield followed the vegetative phase receiving the most natural light. Lighting improved flower yield, decreased blind shoots and hastened flowering, in proportion to the quantity of light received, especially during periods of limited natural light. Intensity was more effective than duration. Bottom breaks and axillary shoot development were stimulated by lighting, the latter being associated with higher yields. Lighting the plants in the morning and evening increased yield more than giving the same quantity of light during the day.High pressure sodium lamps (SON/T) were effective as supplementary light to glasshouse roses, especially when higher intensities were required. Lighting with sodium lamps significantly increased flower yield and decreased the number of blind shoots. Some characteristics studied were highly correlated in all experiments.     

栽植密度对苹果光分布及果实品质的影响

对7年生福岛短枝红富士苹果不同栽植密度的光照分布，果实品质进行了研究，结果表明，随着栽植密度的加大，相对光强降低，树冠内无效光区增加，果实品质下降。     

Gas-exchange responses of rose plants to CO2 enrichment and light

Summary

This paper describes the response of gas exchange rates and water use efficiency of rose plants, by means of the characterization in situ and the analysis of the response of photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of whole plants to CO₂ enrichment under the irradiance conditions prevailing in greenhouses of southern France. Net CO₂ assimilation (A_n) and transpiration (E) of whole rose plants (Rosa hybrida, cv. Sonia) were measured during winter and spring periods. The response of A_n to light and CO₂ were fitted to a double hyperbola function (r² = 0.84). Maximum net assimilation rate (A_nmax), light and CO₂ utilization efficiencies (α₁, α_c) as well as light and CO₂ compensation points (Γ₁ , Γ_c) were calculated for the whole plant and compared with leaf and canopy data in the literature. The whole-plant characteristics generally had values intermediate between those related to leaf and canopy. Light saturation at sub-ambient air CO₂ concentration (C_a) was reached for relatively low PFFD values (300 µmol m^?2 s^?1), whereas at ambient and enriched C_a light saturation occurs for PPFD ≈ 1000 µmol m^?2 s^?1. Doubling C_a from 350 to 700 µmol mol^?1 increased A_nmax and α₁ by respectively 40% and 30%, while reducing Γ₁ by 27%. A threefold increase of C_a from 350 to 1050 µmol mol^?1 induced a reduction of 20% of E. Instantaneous transpirational water use efficiency, WUE (=A_n/E), is relatively insensitive to PPFD, although a slight decrease with PPFD is observed at high CO₂ concentration, but shows marked variations with C_a and leaf to air vapour pressure defiçit (D₁). Increase of C_a from 350 to 1000 µmol mol^?1 gave about 50% increase in WUE. Increase of D₁ from 0 to 2 kPa induced 30% decrease in WUE at ambient C_a and 50% decrease at 1000 µmol mol^?1.     

种子大小和光照强度对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

以种子大小不同的4个品种为试验材料,研究了西瓜幼苗在不同光照条件下的生长状况。结果表明,小种子西瓜幼苗高度增长率大于大种子品种,子叶净光合速率和干重积累量与种子大小正相关。幼苗干物质积累和净光合速率与光照强度正相关,遮阴条件下4个品种真叶净光合速率明显降低,但中度遮阴对幼苗地上部生物量积累影响不明显;重遮阴则显著降低幼苗地上部干重积累。重遮阴下小种子品种净光合速率显著高于大种子品种,小种子西瓜品种幼苗期对弱光环境的适应性更强。