高产稳产优质小麦新品种—淮麦45

正淮麦45(原代号淮麦1403)是江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所于2005年以淮麦28为母本、淮麦25为父本,通过人工杂交后经多年系谱选育而成的高产、稳产、优质小麦新品种。2018年12月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为苏审麦20180007。1特征特性淮麦45属、半冬性中熟品种,全生育期225.7d,较对照品种淮麦20早0.4 d。幼苗半甸甸,叶色深绿。分集力较强,抗寒性较好。株型较紧凑,穗层整齐。平均株高81.8 cm,茎秆弹性好,抗倒伏能力强。穗纺锤型,长芒,白粒。籽粒长圆形,硬质。成熟期落黄早,熟相较好。平均成穗数642.0万·hm~(-2),穗粒数32.9粒,千粒重44.2 g。     

高产多抗早熟小麦新品种——淮麦44

正淮麦44(原代号淮麦302)是江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所2004年以百农9711/淮麦95079的F_1为母本、淮麦9701为父本配置杂交组合,经多年系谱选育而成的高产、抗病、中早熟小麦新品种。2017年11月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为:苏审麦201700010。1特征特性淮麦44属半冬性多穗型中早熟品种,全生育     

不同类型小麦在青海自然加代最迟播期及性状表现

为了解安徽省不同生态类型小麦在青海平安县夏繁自然加代的播期范围,于2013年在安徽省夏繁工作站(青海省平安县白家村,海拔为2 300m)进行分期播种试验。结果表明,在自然条件下,半冬偏冬小麦品种在3月20日前、半冬性小麦品种在3月30日前、半冬偏春性小麦品种在4月19日前、春性小麦品种在5月6日前、强春性小麦品种在5月20日前播种均能正常拔节抽穗,且能收获到成熟种子。在相同类型的小麦品种中,穗粒数对播期的响应一致,单株穗数、千粒重及株高对播期的响应不一致。根据供试品种的抽穗率及抽穗期推断出各品种冬性的强弱顺序为烟农19皖麦52(皖麦38、淮麦22、邯郸6172)济麦22泛麦5号偃展4110阿勃(CK)(扬麦158、宁麦13)。     

拔节期霜冻胁迫对不同小麦品种源库特性的影响

为给小麦耐霜冻品种选育和抗霜冻丰产栽培提供理论依据,以半冬性偏冬性品种济麦22、半冬性品种舜麦1718和半冬性偏春性品种西农585为材料,在拔节期(幼穗药隔期)通过移动式人工霜冻箱模拟霜冻胁迫(-5～-3℃,5 h),研究霜冻胁迫对小麦源库特性的影响。结果表明,霜冻胁迫下,小麦幼穗冻伤率为31.4%～61.9%,穗粒数、穗数、千粒重和产量较对照分别降低8.4%～12.6%、3.2%～6.1%、0.8%～10.7%和19.7%～41.9%,耐霜冻能力表现为济麦22舜麦1718西农585。霜冻胁迫后,孕穗期和抽穗期各品种平均单茎叶面积分别减少15.5%和17.0%,叶面积指数分别减少19.5%和21.1%;霜冻胁迫初期光合速率下降28.5%～42.1%,孕穗后耐霜品种济麦22的光合速率提高3.6%～16.7%;叶片MDA含量显著提高;孕穗至成熟期生长率(CGR)比对照明显降低9.6%～22.0%,其中耐霜品种济麦22生长率降幅小,净同化率和粒叶比却分别提高26.9%和11.4%。小麦籽粒直径极显著降低,籽粒蛋白质含量提高1.3%～11.0%,面筋强度和沉降值稳定或提高。正常生长条件下小麦源库关系属库限制型,霜冻胁迫下属源库互作型。综上,霜冻胁迫打破了小麦原来源库平衡,显著降低了小麦的库容量和源强度,选择种植抗霜冻稳产品种或通过栽培措施调节高穗粒库容量和叶源活性,可减少霜冻导致的产量损失。     

高产稳产国审小麦新品种—徐麦178

徐麦178系江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所以淮麦18为母本、矮抗58为父本进行杂交,经系谱选择育成的冬小麦新品种.2020年通过国家审定,审定编号为国审麦20200047. 1 特征特性 徐麦178属于半冬性多穗型中晚熟品种,全生育期217 d,与对照周麦18熟期相当.幼苗半匍匐,叶片细长,叶色深绿,分蘖力强.株高75...     

阶段高温对不同小麦品种产量的影响及其耐热性差异研究

为应对小麦高温灾害,筛选耐热丰产种质资源,通过裂区试验,以阶段高温为主区(在开花期、花后5～10 d、11～15 d、16～20 d和21～25 d进行高温胁迫,分别用H_1、H_2、H_3、H_4和H_5表示,以自然生长条件为对照),以品种为副区(选用济麦22、矮抗58、衡4399、淮麦33、石麦22、山农20、郑麦7698和邯6172耐热性不同的8个冬小麦品种),于2016-2017和2017-2018两个小麦生长季,研究了不同阶段高温对小麦产量及穗粒数、粒重等的影响,并分析了不同品种的耐热性。结果表明, H_1、H_2、H_3、H_4和H_5处理的两年平均产量分别较对照下降59.7%、49.5%、26.2%、36.4%和34.5%,穗粒数分别减少17.9、14.8、5.9、1.2和4.0粒,千粒重分别降低0.3、1.8、7.3、13.8和12.6 g。从品种看,自然生长条件下郑麦7698、淮麦33和衡4399的产量较高,石麦22的产量最低;高温条件下郑麦7698、山农20和衡4399的产量较高,淮麦33为受高温影响最大的品种,两年减产幅度均最高;两种条件下郑麦7698、衡4399和山农20的综合产量均较高,淮麦33最低。阶段高温对不同品种的影响不同,且存在年际间差异。2016-2017年度山农20、衡4399和石麦22的H_2处理均较对照增产,但其他阶段高温处理均减产。高温胁迫后郑麦7698的减产幅度在2016-2017年度最小,而在2017-2018年度仅次于减产幅度最大的淮麦33。郑麦7698、衡4399和山农20的两年几何平均产量均较高,淮麦33最低。从热感指数看,衡4399、山农20和郑麦7698的热感指数指标大部分小于1,淮麦33、济麦22、石麦22热感指数指标大部分大于1;其他品种的热感指数指标有的时段高温大于1,有的小于1。综合产量和热感指数指标,衡4399、山农20和郑麦7698的耐热性好,淮麦33、济麦22和石麦22的耐热性较差。     

小麦新品种淮麦39选育及栽培技术

淮麦39是以周麦13为母本、豫麦69为父本进行杂交,并经多年单株选择选育而成的新品种,属半冬性中熟品种,分蘖力较强,成穗数较多,平均成穗38万~40万/667 m~2。株型较紧凑,长相清秀,穗层不整齐,剑叶挺,株高85 cm左右,茎杆弹性较好。纺锤型穗,穗型较大,结实性好,平均每穗结实38~40粒。籽粒硬质,千粒质量42 g左右,田间自然发病轻。适合在江苏沿淮及淮北地区中晚茬口种植。     

高产稳产抗赤霉病冬小麦新品种—郑麦136

郑麦136是河南省农业科学院小麦研究所丰优育种室以矮抗58作为母本、济麦22作为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法育成地耐寒抗倒、高产稳产、抗赤霉病突出的冬小麦新品种。2017年河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2018年底通过国家农作物品种审定委员会初审,同时进入2018-2019年湖北省鄂北组生产试验,有望2019年通过湖北省审定。1特征特性郑麦136属半冬性中早熟品种,比对照周麦18早熟0.6d。幼苗半匍匐,叶片窄短,叶色青绿,分蘖力较强,冻害轻,成穗率较高。起身拔节较迟,两极分化快,耐倒春寒能力较好。株高76cm,茎秆蜡质层厚,旗叶窄短上冲,穗层整齐。后期根系活力较强,茎秆弹性好,抗倒伏。较耐后期高温,灌浆较快,熟相好。穗纺锤型,穗码较密,白壳,短芒,籽粒半角质,饱满度较好,黑胚率低,容重高。每公顷穗数612万,穗粒数31.6粒,千粒重45.1g。     

超高产小麦新品种——淮麦18号

淮麦18为淮阴农科所1990年以豫麦13为母本、鲁麦14为父本,经有性杂交、后代连续单株选择而成的半冬性超高产小麦新品种. 1 特征特性 1.1 植物学特性该品种半冬性,抗寒性好.幼苗茁壮,分蘖力强,成穗较多.株型紧凑,叶片上冲,剑叶挺,株高85 cm,抗倒性好,全生育期长相清秀.穗层整齐,结实性好.中早熟.产量三因素协调,一般每公顷成穗600～675万,每穗35～40粒,千粒重40～44 g.籽粒白皮,半角质.     

不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99济麦22烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.