红富士苹果果实着色与抗氧化酶活性的关系

 以红富士苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh ‘Fuji’ )为试材，通过测定不同时期果皮内色素含量 与抗氧化酶活性水平，对苹果着色和抗氧化的关系进行了研究。结果表明，花青苷的含量变化与果实抗氧化酶活性密切相关。果实着色前超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性较高，随着果实着色活性逐渐下降。套袋可抑制果实抗氧化酶活性，着色期去袋后，SOD、POD活性迅速升高；去袋2 d后，随着果皮内花青苷的积累，抗氧化酶活性逐渐下降。脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性也与花青苷含量的变化密切相关。LOX活性在果实着色前2—3周出现一次高峰，峰后随着花青苷的积累而逐渐降低。     

观赏型芭蕾苹果新品种‘芭蕾玉棠’

‘芭蕾玉棠’（Malus hybrida‘Balei Yutang’）是以‘舞美’（Malus × domestica Borkh. ‘Maypole’）为母本,以西府海棠（Malus spectabilis）‘Reversii’为父本,在杂交后代中选育出的观赏型芭蕾苹果新品种。树体柱型、生长势中等。春季叶亮绿色,夏季浓绿,秋季金黄色。花蕾粉红色,花开放时花瓣粉白色。幼果绿色,成熟时果皮黄绿色,成熟期枝头硕果累累,观赏效果好。     

‘蜂糖李’果实发育过程中有机酸含量变化及其与苹果酸代谢相关酶的关系

【目的】明确‘蜂糖李’果实有机酸组成与含量特点,揭示其发育过程中有机酸含量的变化规律及其与苹果酸代谢相关酶的关系,阐明有机酸积累的关键时期和关键酶。【方法】以‘蜂糖李’及对照‘四月李’为材料,采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatograph,HPLC)分析测试李果实发育过程中有机酸组分及含量,并测定苹果酸代谢相关酶的活性。【结果】利用高效液相色谱分析李果实中有机酸组分及含量,发现‘蜂糖李’果实成熟时总酸含量(ω,后同)为5.94 mg·g-1,包括苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、草酸、莽草酸和琥珀酸6种,其中以苹果酸含量最高(占总酸含量的88%),‘四月李’果实中有机酸组分与‘蜂糖李’一致,均属于苹果酸型。2个李品种果实中总酸含量的差异主要是由苹果酸含量的差异所致。通过分析李果实发育过程中有机酸含量的变化,发现‘蜂糖李’果实中苹果酸含量大量积累的关键时期在果实发育前期,整体呈先增加后降低的趋势,草酸、酒石酸含量逐渐降低,而柠檬酸含量逐渐升高。与‘四月李’相比,‘蜂糖李’果实中苹果酸、草酸、酒石酸及总酸含量的变化趋势与之一致,且苹果酸及总酸含量在整个过程中均显著低于‘四月李’,而柠檬酸含量的变化趋势与之相反。最后通过分析苹果酸含量与相关代谢酶活性之间的相关性,表明‘蜂糖李’果实中苹果酸在果实发育前期大量积累主要是该时期磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性增强促进了苹果酸的大量合成以及NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)活性降低减少苹果酸的分解,与NAD-苹果酸脱氢酶(NAD-MDH)关系不大,而‘四月李’苹果酸积累的关键酶是NAD-MDH。在果实发育后期,‘蜂糖李’及‘四月李’NADP-ME活性迅速升高,前者PEPC活性减弱,后者NAD-MDH活性下降,使得2者果实中苹果酸的降解大于合成而呈降低趋势。【结论】‘蜂糖李’是以苹果酸为主要有机酸的低酸型李品种,其果实中苹果酸积累的关键时期为果实发育前期,苹果酸含量的变化由PEPC和NADP-ME协同调控,而对照‘四月李’由NAD-MDH和NADP-ME起主要的调控作用。     

不同砧穗组合对“寒富”苹果果实品质的影响

以7个不同砧穗组合"寒富"苹果为试材,采用高效液相色谱法,测定并分析了不同砧穗组合"寒富"苹果果实糖酸的组成成分及含量的差异,旨在为确定合理砧穗组合和优质高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:"寒富"苹果不同砧穗组合果实中的糖组分主要为果糖,其次为葡萄糖、蔗糖;有机酸组分主要为苹果酸,其次为酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸;果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和苹果酸共同影响着果实的甜味味感和酸味味感;不同砧穗组合果实中糖酸含量和糖酸比差异较大,矮化砧木提高了果实中糖酸含量、糖酸比、甜味指数和风味指数;GM256、77-34和M7砧木有利于"寒富"果实的糖酸积累,明显提高了果实内在品质     

新疆梨品种与‘库尔勒香梨’授粉亲和性及花粉直感

【目的】探明新疆梨品种与‘库尔勒香梨’的授粉亲和性和花粉直感。【方法】以9个新疆梨品种和‘砀山酥梨’为‘库尔勒香梨’授粉树,对其花粉萌发伸长、坐果率、果实品质等进行研究。【结果】‘库尔勒香梨’与‘绿梨’和‘砀山酥梨’授粉亲和性最好,亲和性与单果质量呈正相关,与果形指数呈负相关‘。库车阿木特‘’艾温切克’和‘绿梨’授粉单果质量最大‘;砀山酥梨‘’绿梨’和‘阿克苏句句梨’授粉果形指数最小‘;绿梨’授粉果实硬度最小‘;库车阿木特’和‘库尔勒黄酸梨’授粉糖酸比最高‘;库车阿木特’授粉可溶性固形物含量最高‘;库尔勒香梨’自花和‘阿克苏句句梨’授粉维生素C含量最高‘;绿梨’和‘砀山酥梨’授粉正常种子数最多,种子数与其果形指数呈显著负相关。【结论‘】绿梨’与‘库尔勒香梨’的亲和性高,单果质量最大、果实硬度最小,糖酸比、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量适中,适宜作为‘库尔勒香梨’授粉品种。     

8个授粉品种对‘秋富1号’苹果的授粉效应研究

为筛选出‘秋富1号’苹果的适配授粉树,以‘红亮’‘红玛瑙’‘雪莱’‘雪球’‘雪龙’‘红艳’6个专用授粉品种和‘嘎拉’‘秦冠’2个栽培品种的花粉为父本,自然授粉为对照,测定授粉组合的坐果率及7个果实品质指标,并应用隶属函数法对8个授粉品种的授粉效应进行综合评价和排序。结果表明,除‘红艳’外,其他授粉品种对‘秋富1号’苹果的坐果率、着色指数和可溶性固形物含量影响较大,表现出花粉直感效应。综合评价结果为‘秦冠’>‘雪莱’>‘嘎拉’>‘红亮’>‘雪球’>‘红玛瑙’>‘雪龙’>‘红艳’>自然授粉。     

涂抹钙处理对套袋苹果果皮钙浓度与抗氧化特性的影响

以红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh cv.Fuji)为试材,研究了花后30 d在幼果果面涂抹0.5?(NO3)2对套袋苹果果皮钙吸收和抗氧化特性的影响.结果表明:套袋使苹果果皮的钙浓度和抗氧化酶活性都产生了影响,降低了果皮的钙浓度,同时在套袋期间,果皮的MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均低于对照,而去袋后,MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均有提高,高于对照.而果实进行涂抹钙处理后,提高了苹果果皮的钙浓度,同时也增高了果皮SOD、POD的活性,降低了MDA的含量,增强了果皮细胞清除超氧自由基的能力,抑制了膜脂过氧化过程,有利于减轻套袋苹果在去袋后环境胁迫所造成的伤害.     

授粉品种对‘富士’苹果果实品质的影响

用‘红星’、‘全家红’、‘荷红’、‘美红’、‘火焰’、‘绚丽’、‘道格’、‘雪球’和‘粉芽’做授粉品种,为‘富士’苹果授粉,探讨不同的花粉源对苹果果实品质的直感影响。结果表明,不同授粉品种对‘富士’苹果的单果重、糖度、酸度、着色等品质指标有显著影响,果实直感现象均有表现。‘美红’和‘火焰’可作为专用授粉树在生产中应用。     

花粉直感对杨梅果实品质及不同蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响

【目的】探究杨梅的花粉直感效应。【方法】以‘东魁’‘荸荠种’为母本,选用黄岩、舟山的雄株作为花粉源进行人工授粉,并以自然授粉为对照,观察其对当年果实品质的影响,并且测定2个不同发育时期的杨梅果实蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)的活性。【结果】以‘荸荠种’为母本的授粉组合中,单果质量比对照低6.5%~18.6%,果实纵径比对照低4.62%~9.16%,亮度比对照低5.1%~16.4%,总糖含量比对照低14.17%~16.67%,维生素C含量比对照低6.73%~10.3%,可滴定酸含量比对照高17.1%~20.3%。以‘东魁’为母本授粉组合中,与自然授粉相比,果实质量、果实横纵经、可食率等方面差异不显著,色差比对照低8.1%~9.3%,‘东魁’×黄岩花粉可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量和可滴定酸含量分别比对照高31.95%、3.06%、25.39%。杨梅人工授粉不同雌雄组合表现出花粉直感现象。SPS活性在5月19日和6月19日最高的分别是‘荸荠种’×舟山花粉和‘东魁’×舟山花粉。SS活性在5月19日和6月19日最高的分别是‘荸荠种’×黄岩花粉和‘东魁’×黄岩花粉。【结论】‘荸荠种’×舟山花粉、‘东魁’×黄岩花粉为最佳组合,‘荸荠种’和‘东魁’都与黄岩和舟山的杨梅花粉有亲和力。从容易取材及品质改良两方面综合考虑,黄岩和舟山的杨梅雄株在品质改良中有着一定的优势,舟山的杨梅花粉为‘荸荠种’授粉对品质的改良更好,黄岩的杨梅花粉为‘东魁’授粉对品质的改良更佳。     

5个苹果专用授粉品种对主栽品种授粉效应研究

为进一步确定专用授粉品种的适宜授粉组合,选用‘道格’‘雪球’‘绚丽’‘红丽’‘满洲里’5个专用授粉品种花粉,以‘黄嘎拉’授粉为对照,分别对‘黄嘎拉’‘金冠’‘王林’和‘天红2号’4个主栽品种授粉。结果表明,授粉品种不同,苹果果实坐果率、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、果形指数、去皮硬度等方面表现明显的不同。相同花粉在不同品种上授粉后表现有时相同有时不同。给‘黄嘎拉’授粉选‘道格’较好,其次是‘满洲里’‘绚丽’;给‘金冠’授粉,选择‘绚丽’和‘满洲里’效果较好;给‘王林’授粉,选择‘红丽’和‘雪球’效果较好;给‘天红2号’授粉‘雪球’为适宜的授粉品种,其次是‘道格’。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。