透湿性反光膜覆盖对椪柑果实品质的影响

以桠柑为试材,研究了透湿性反光膜、银灰色反光膜对椪柑果实色泽、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和糖含量的影响,并测定了不同反光膜对离地不同高度反射光强度与反射率的影响.结果表明,果园覆盖透湿性反光膜显著提高了树冠中下部的光照,离地80～140cm光照强度为银灰色反光膜的1.8～2倍、不覆盖对照的5.2～6倍.透湿性反光膜...     

地面覆盖反光膜对温州蜜柑果实着色及品质的影响研究

研究了地面覆盖反光膜对早熟温州蜜柑果实着色及品质的影响.结果表明,覆膜后,柑桔果皮色泽指数呈正值,果皮亮度值(L)达到70以上,其着色状况明显优于对照(空白),极大地改善了柑桔外观着色.试验还表明,早熟温州蜜柑秋季地面覆盖反光膜的最佳时期在完熟采收(11月上旬)前30~40天,若此期覆膜,龟井、兴津和宫川等3个温州蜜柑品种的果实外观着色明显优于对照,果实内在品质有较大幅度地提高,糖度比对照提高0.7个百分点以上.     

透湿性反光膜覆盖对设施甜樱桃树冠光照及果实品质的影响初报

以6年生‘美早’‘先锋’甜樱桃为试材,沿树行铺设透湿性反光膜,测定树冠中下部反射光光强、光质,果实果皮颜色、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量和花青苷含量,研究透湿性反光膜覆盖对设施甜樱桃树冠中下部光照及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,透湿性反光膜覆盖显著改善了甜樱桃树冠中下部光照环境,离地90 cm和130 cm处,13:00反射光光强分别为对照的5.0倍和3.1倍;透湿性反光膜覆盖处理果实花青苷、可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照,果实着色显著好于对照,表现为果实亮度、色度值更小,但对可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、pH值和单果重的影响不显著。     

铺设反光膜提高温州蜜柑果实品质的研究初报

以温州蜜柑为试材,研究反光地膜覆盖对温州蜜柑果实品质的提高效果。结果表明,在温州蜜柑果实成熟期进行反光地膜覆盖可显著提高果实的可食率、可溶性固形物含量和降低果皮的厚度,果实外观色泽光洁;对其可滴定酸含量、固酸比以及维生素C含量的影响无显著性差异。     

铺反光膜对枇杷枝梢生长和果实品质的影响

<正>福建省莆田市是我国枇杷的主产区,现有枇杷面积约1.67万hm2,产量达7万t,产品远销全国各地和东南亚地区。枇杷秋冬开花,春季成熟,果实营养丰富,正值水果供应淡季,价格高,效益好,深受果农和消费者的欢迎。反光膜在苹果等落叶果树上应用已有报道,但在枇杷上的应用尚未见报道。为了提高枇杷产量和果实品质,我们研究了枇杷园铺铝箔与铝膜反光膜对枇杷枝梢生长、开花结果及果实的品质产量的影响,以期为枇杷丰产、优质、高效生产技术提供科学依据。     

覆盖地膜、反光膜对提高温州蜜柑产量和品质的效果

果园覆盖地膜、反光膜是现代果树生产为提高品质和产量的一个重要措施。早熟中熟温州蜜柑在春季通过地面覆盖薄膜,促进花蕾发育,提高花质,开花整齐一致,加快幼果发育,增加结果率,而在秋季通过覆地膜和反光膜,既可保温控水,又可增加反射光照,增加光合强度,提高果实糖度和果面色度,最终达到提高品质和产量的目的。     

保水剂对苹果新梢生长、百叶重及果实质量的影响

保水剂是高吸水性树脂。是一种高分子化合物,不溶于水,能吸收自身重量的100～250倍的天然水,故有很强的保水性,似“微型水库”,供果树根系缓慢吸收,本身可反复释放和吸收水分。根据其特点,我们于2000年春在宁海镇永安里果园进行了试验,取得明显效果。     

CPPU对苹果果实和新梢生长的影响

ＣＰＰＵ对苹果果实和新梢生长的影响ＣＰＰＵ的名称是Ｎ－（２－氯－４－－吡啶基）－Ｎ＇－苯脲，是一种细胞分裂素类物质。Ｃｒｅａｎｅ（１９８９）发现ＣＰＰＵ，在给苹果落花期进行花序喷布，可使果个增大，而在落花１８天后喷布，只能增加新梢的总长度。试验表明，...     

反光膜覆盖对海涂橘园柑橘果实品质的影响

反光膜覆盖是椒江实施柑橘产业提升示范推广的一项重要工作,在山地柑橘园应用,对提高柑橘果实品质和增加效益十分明显。2011年10月在沿海橘区,对不同柑橘品种选用不同类型的反光膜进行地面覆盖试验,对促进柑橘果实着色和提高品质,同样发挥较好的效果,现将试验结果报告如下。     

反光膜对果实品质影响的研究进展

概述了铺设反光膜对果实外观品质、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸以及果实大小等方面的影响;果园铺设反光膜既可调节果树冠层微环境,又能改善果实品质,是一项优质、高效的实用生产技术.提出了开发专一性的果树专用反光膜,能有效提高果实品质等应用研究的发展方向.     

树盘反光膜铺设时间长短对苹果品质的影响

以13年生红富士苹果为试材,探讨反光膜铺设时间长短对果实品质的影响。结果表明,果园地面铺设反光膜能显著提高苹果果实维生素C含量和着色程度,降低果实可滴定酸含量,且铺设时间越长效果越好;铺设反光膜能显著增加果实红色度,反光膜铺设时间20天时,果实着色效果最好。     

Effects of growth retarding treatments on apple tree growth,fruit maturation and fruit abscission

SUMMARY

Eight days after petal fall in 1991, mature 'Delicious'/MM. 106 apple trees and four days after petal fall in 1992, mature 'McintoshVMM. 106 were ringed, scored, root pruned (1 m from the trunk, two sides, 30 cm deep), or treated with ethephon (500 mg 1¹). Only ringing and scoring reduced vegetative growth. Ethephon advanced fruit maturation and fruit abscission, but root pruning did not affect the trees or fruit significantly. Mature 'Cort-land'/M.7a apple trees were root pruned 8 d after petal fall in 1991 and/or at full bloom in 1992. Root pruning reduced shoot growth, even in the year after treatment. Fruit abscission was reduced in 1991 and 1992 by root pruning in 1991, but root pruning in 1992 had no impact on abscission, in 1992. In an additional experiment, mature 'Mcintosh'/ MM.106 were root pruned 4 d after petal fall in 1991 or root pruned both in 1991 and at full bloom in 1992. Growth and preharvest fruit abscission were reduced in both the year of root pruning and the year after.     

地面覆盖对苹果树体生长和果实品质的影响

【目的】揭示苹果树叶片光合参数、树体生长量和果实品质对不同覆盖物的差异性反应,为苹果园地面管理覆盖物的合理选择提供参考依据。【方法】以辽宁省果树科学研究所自主选育的‘望山红’/‘辽砧109’组合苹果树为试材,果园地面分别覆盖农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布,以清耕为对照,调查地面覆盖后土壤地温、土壤含水量、叶片光合参数、树体生长量、果实品质的差异。【结果】2016年、2017年农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布、淸耕(CK)土壤温度随土层深度增加而降低,土壤含水量随土层深度增加而升高。与清耕(CK)相比,园艺地布覆盖提高土壤温度,农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖降低土壤温度;农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖能提高土壤含水量。3种覆盖处理均能提高叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量。其中,农用地毯覆盖后叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素相对含量变异系数最小、稳定性优于其他处理,而碎木屑覆盖季节性差异明显、变异系数高、稳定性差。3种覆盖处理均能提高单叶质量、叶片厚度、树高、覆盖率、总枝量,影响枝类组成比例。其中,农用地毯覆盖后单叶质量、叶片厚度、覆盖率、总枝量、中枝、短枝比例等指标高于同期其他处理,而长枝比例低于其他处理。春季园艺地布覆盖后的新梢长度显著高于其他处理,而夏季农用地毯和碎木屑覆盖后的新梢生长速度快。农用地毯覆盖后果实单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比等指标最高,其次为碎木屑。农用地毯、碎木屑、园艺地布覆盖后显著提高果面红色着色程度,提高果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、莽草酸含量,降低苹果酸、柠檬酸含量。【结论】综合比较3种覆盖物对土壤温度、土壤含水量、植株叶片参数、树体生长量和果实品质的影响,作用效果从高到低分别为农用地毯、碎木屑和园艺地布。     

Influence of a pre-harvest reflective orchard mulching film on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant activity in apple fruit during post-harvest storage

Summary

Studies have shown that applying a reflective film to the floor of an orchard enhances fruit colouration. Here we assessed whether this practice also prolonged the post-harvest storage life of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Fuji and Malus prunifolia [Willd.]) fruit. Strips of reflective mulching film (RMF) were placed beneath the apple trees and RMF-treated fruit were compared with those from untreated control (CK) trees. Enzymes involved in reducing lipid peroxidation such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are associated with delaying fruit senescence. Their activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, were quantified as indicators of physiological changes related to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage in the peel and flesh of RMF-treated or control apple fruit during 50 d of post-harvest storage at 4ºC. SOD activities increased in the peel and flesh from RMF-treated fruit during the first 40 d post-harvest, but declined significantly during the final 10 d of storage. RMF treatment resulted in increases in CAT activities of 5 – 14% and 16 – 29% in the peel and flesh of RMF-treated apples, respectively, compared with untreated CK fruit. Conversely, MDA concentrations were 7 – 23% and 14 – 30% lower in the peel and flesh, respectively, of RMF-treated fruit than in CK fruit over the 50 d storage period. Similarly, RMF treatment resulted in reductions of 7 – 20% and 3 – 10% in saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations in the peel and flesh, respectively, compared to CK fruit, while the corresponding polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations increased by 2 – 10% and 3 – 7%. In conclusion, the use of RMF in apple orchards appears to be an effective technique to delay post-harvest senescence in apple fruit.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

重庆开县柑橘冬季树冠覆膜对落果及果实品质的影响研究

通过对开县长沙锦橙柑橘果园实施35．55 hm2柑橘冬季树冠覆膜防冻试验,并对该果园防冻后柑橘果实进行落果数、果实可食率、果汁率、枯水个数、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、维生素c（vc）含量、总酸（TA）含量的测定,发现采取树冠覆膜的柑橘落果数、果实果汁率、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、维生素c（vc）含量、总酸（TA）含量均显著减少,而果实可食率、枯水个数均没有显著的变化。     

Effect of CPPU on fruit and shoot growth of apple

The effects of CPPU on the growth of fruits and bourse shoots of apple were examined by targeted applications of 20 mg I“1 CPPU to fruitlets and/or bourse-shoot and spur leaves. Treating fruitlets and fruitlets-plus-leaves stimulated fruit growth to a similar extent; fruit growth rate was temporarily suppressed when only the leaves were treated. Conversely, bourse shoot growth was stimulated by leaf and leaf-plus-fruit treatments. All CPPU applications reduced the content of fruit soluble solids and induced a paler yellowish- green fruit ground colour.     

黄河故道地区果园覆草对果树生态环境及生长结果的影响

果园覆草可有效改善生态环境,缩减土壤温度的变动幅度;能增加土壤的有机质和有效性养分的含量;减少地表雨水径流,减少土壤水分蒸发,蓄水保墒;减轻土壤返碱;有利于土壤生物和微生物的活动,增加土壤的通透性;有利于稳定树势,促进根的吸收;提高果实的产量和品质,是生产无公害和有机果品的重要途径。