内蒙古干旱草原区紫花苜蓿引种评价

对内蒙古干旱草原区引进的21个紫花苜蓿品种进行生态引种试验,并对生长及遗传性状进行测试分析,越冬率测定表明,国内4个紫花苜蓿品种越冬率均在80％以上,国外引进紫花苜蓿品种越冬率在80％以上只有4个,分别来自于美国和加拿大,从澳大利亚引进的4个品种均不能越冬。按越冬率为标准将21个品种聚类为4组,分析组问形态特征差异,结果表明花色、叶片长、株丛高度、生长习性4个特征在组间差异显著。然后对产量和营养价值分析,筛选出适宜该地区种植的国内外紫花苜蓿品种,以丰富该地区紫花苜蓿品种资源,同时为苜蓿抗寒及耐牧根蘖型苜蓿新品种培育提供研究基础。     

柴达木盆地德令哈地区紫花苜蓿品种比较试验

引进紫花苜蓿5个品种在德令哈地区进行适应性试验,通过对生育期、鲜草产量、抗逆性等指标进行比较,结果表明:引进的紫花苜蓿5个品种越冬率为70%以上,生产性能较好,可供生产推广应用.     

柴达木盆地德令哈地区紫花苜蓿品种比较试验

引进5个紫花苜蓿品种在德令哈地区进行适应性试验,通过对生育期、鲜草产量、抗逆性等指标进行比较,结果表明:引进的5个紫花苜蓿品种越冬率在70%以上,生产性能较好,可供生产推广应用.     

西藏拉萨地区引进紫花苜蓿品种的产量与品质分析

为筛选适宜西藏拉萨地区种植的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种,本研究于2017-2019年对国外引进的5个紫花苜蓿品种进行品种比较试验,调查越冬率,测定生育期、鲜干草产量和营养成分。结果表明,WL168HQ和WL298HQ的干草产量、粗蛋白含量、越冬率和相对饲喂价值高于其他品种,中性洗涤纤维含量低于其他品种。因此,WL168HQ和WL298HQ适宜在西藏拉萨地区种植。     

4个国外草坪品种在太仆寺旗旱作条件下的适应性试验

通过引进波兰的4个草坪品种在太仆寺旗的适应性试验，结果表明：4个品种均返青早、枯黄晚、青绿期长、越冬率高达97％～99%，生物学特性表现突出，实为冷季型草坪草中抗寒性强的优良草坪品种，是值得在我国北方寒冷的干旱及半干旱地区推广的低养护地带绿化品种。     

福建中亚热带区紫花苜蓿的引种筛选研究

引进22个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种在福建中亚热带区进行适应性试验,对生态适应性、生产性能和营养价值进行研究,结果表明:参试品种均可正常生长,越夏率57.9%～74.4%,活体越冬率95%以上;年干草总产量8.73～12.37 t/hm2,花期粗蛋白含量26.1%～33.4%,中性洗涤溶解物61.9%～73.4%,年粗蛋白产量1.958～3.256 t/hm2.参试品种可适应当地夏季高温气候条件和土壤条件.筛选结果表明,"苜蓿王"、"猎人河"、"得龙"、"CW787"、"丰叶721"、"阿瑞博"为高产、优质潜力品种,其中"苜蓿王"粗蛋白产量最高,达3.256 t/hm2.     

35个紫花苜蓿品种在内蒙古赤峰地区的品种比较试验

在内蒙古赤峰地区对引进国内外的35个紫花苜蓿品种进行品种比较试验,比较生长第3年的越冬率、茎叶比、鲜干比、再生速度及不同茬次的株高、生长第3年的干草产量、生长第2年和第3年的总产量等各项农艺性状指标的差异。结果表明,在种植第3年,公农1号、肇东、龙牧806、敖汉苜蓿和龙牧801等苜蓿品种适宜在内蒙赤峰地区种植。     

闽北22个紫花苜蓿品系引种筛选试验初报

2002至2004年引进22个紫花苜蓿品系在闽北低海拔区内进行筛选试验，通过对物候期、产量、越夏率、茎叶比、营养成分、根瘤和病虫害进行观测。初步试验结果表明：播后5～14d出苗，52-59d分枝，150～155d现蕾，175～182d初花，花期长，不结荚；全年鲜干草产量分别为3243-4793g/m^2和562-1205g/m^2；越夏率为57．9％～75．0％；茎叶比为0．74～1．09；初花期粗蛋白含量为28．0％～33．4％，根瘤少，但受斜纹夜蛾虫害较突出。各品系在物候期、产量、越夏率、病虫害危害率方面均无显著差异；部分品系茎叶比差异显著，其中“苜蓿王”茎叶比为0．741，干物质粗蛋白含量为33．4％。     

35个紫花苜蓿品种在内蒙古赤峰地区的生产性能评价

在内蒙古赤峰地区对引进国内外的35个紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种进行田间试验,比较了生长第2年的越冬率及不同茬次的株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、叶茎比等各项农艺性状指标的差异,并通过灰色关联分析综合评价不同苜蓿品种的生产性能。结果表明,在种植第2年,综合评价最优的参试品种是龙牧806,其次是飞马、肇东、龙牧801、公农1号等,这些苜蓿品种均为适宜在赤峰地区推广种植的优良品种,而肇东苜蓿、龙牧系列、公农1号与敖汉苜蓿越冬率相对较高,生产性能在综合评价中表现良好,其全面的特点更适合在赤峰市气候偏冷的北部旗县地区推广应用。     

不同紫花苜蓿品种的引种筛选

笔者对9个不同紫花苜蓿品种进行了连续多年的适应性和产量测定,结果显示:引进的9个紫花苜蓿品种在川西北高寒地区种植,播种当年的产草量都较低,无法测产,次年可形成生产能力,第4年产量达到高峰,随之开始下降;秋眠级为4级的威可、名流和威拉品种连续多年越冬率高、产量高、持久性好(即产量下降慢),适宜在川西北高寒地区推广。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -