多花黑麦草的主要栽培技术

多花黑麦草适应性强,对环境要求不严,耐酸耐瘠,抗病抗虫,易栽易管,产量高,营养丰富,适口性强,消化利用率高。各地实践证明,以多花黑麦草饲喂牛、猪、鱼等,经济效益显著。现将多花黑麦草的主要栽培技术介绍如下:1.精细整地多花黑麦草种子小而轻,顶土能力弱,千粒重仅1.3~2.0克。为保证其顺利出苗,整地质量要求较     

钙对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探明多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)种子在钙(Ca)盐胁迫下的耐受性,研究了不同Ca^ 2+浓度(0,5,10,20,40,100 mmol ·L^-1 )对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并利用隶属函数综合评价出适宜多花黑麦草生长的浓度。结果表明:随着Ca 2+浓度的增加,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、根长和苗长呈下降趋势,苗、根的干重和鲜重呈先上升后下降趋势,根苗比、根冠比、盐害率、根抑制率和苗抑制率呈上升趋势。Ca ^2+浓度为5 mmol ·L^-1 条件下,幼苗和幼根的干重和鲜重都达到了最大值。在各浓度处理之间根苗比和根冠比差异不显著( p >0.05)。隶属函数综合评价得出适宜多花黑麦草种子萌发的Ca^2+浓度为5 mmol ·L^-1 ,为高Ca^2+土壤条件下栽种多花黑麦草提供科学依据。     

麦田如何防除多花黑麦草

正多花黑麦草幼苗基部叶鞘为鲜亮的黑褐色,光滑无毛,上部叶鞘为绿色;叶片深绿色,表面有较厚的蜡质层,油亮,不容易沾染水滴;叶鞘与茎秆之间疏松,此期叶舌较小或不明显。成株后叶片呈深绿色,扁平无毛,叶脉和叶肉之间凹凸不平,略显粗糙;叶舌明显长出,长达4毫米;茎秆坚硬直立,茎节为红褐色,略微肿胀。4%啶磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂(优先)对多花黑麦草有较好防效,同时可     

气候变化对伊犁河谷冬小麦产量的影响

为了明确气候变化对伊犁河谷冬小麦产量的影响,以伊犁河谷冬小麦主产区的伊宁、霍城、巩留、新源4县为例,在对1980—2011年各县冬小麦生长季气温、降水量变化特征分析的基础上,探讨冬小麦不同生长发育时段气候条件对产量形成的影响,进而对近32年气候变化对冬小麦产量影响的利弊进行分析。结果表明：就多年平均而言,伊犁河谷冬小麦生长季气候条件对小麦生长发育和产量形成是较适宜的,但气候的年际间差异对冬小麦产量的影响仍十分明显,由其导致的冬小麦产量的年际间波动可达-1507~745 kg/hm2。冬小麦生长季内不同时段各气候因素对产量的影响差异较大,气温的影响,在冬小麦越冬前表现为正效应,越冬期影响很小,但返青后为负效应。降水量对冬小麦的影响在生长季各时段大多表现为不显著的正效应,生长季总降水量对冬小麦产量的影响,除新源、巩留县通过了P=0.05的显著性检验外,伊宁、霍城县未达到显著水平。在全球气候变化背景下,1980—2011年,伊犁河谷各地冬小麦生长季平均气温分别以0.503~0.653℃/10年的倾向率呈极显著的上升趋势,降水量分别以3.828~18.948 mm/10年的倾向率呈不显著的增多趋势。气候变暖对冬小麦有利也有弊,但总体来看弊大于利,其中,冬前的播种至分蘖期气温升高对小麦较有利,越冬期气温变化对小麦影响不大,但返青至成熟期气温升高将对小麦产量形成一定的不利影响,其中,抽穗开花至成熟期的不利影响更为明显。降水量增多对提高小麦产量具有一定积极意义,但对灌溉农业区的伊犁河谷来说,其直接影响大多不显著。     

一年生多花黑麦草种植利用技术

<正>云南省腾冲县明光镇自2003年开始引种一年生多花黑麦草,通过11年的试验示范及推广,目前种植面积7000余亩,为改善饲草料结构、促进畜牧业发展发挥了积极作用。现根据当地实际将一年生多花黑麦草种植利用技术简述如下:1.品种选择明光镇先后引入特高、沃土、钻石T、杰威、邦德等十余个品种开展种植对比试验。经测定,以一年生特高多花黑麦草最为适宜该区域种植。该品种具有适应性广,抗虫害能力强,产量稳定,苗期生长快(尤以早春和晚秋生长最好),耐频繁刈割,再生迅速,植株高大紧     

多花黑麦草不同品种草产量研究

本课题的总体目标是以区域试验和示范带动我国草种子的产业化生产,大幅度提高我国单位面积牧草及生态草种子的产量和质量,促进草种产业的起步与发展。对14个多花黑麦草品种进行品种比较试验,通过对参试品种物候期的观测、不同品种黑麦草鲜干草产量的测定及各品种不同时期刈割产量比较的研究,发现参试的十四个品种在本地区差异较为明显,从测定的各品种的各个数据来看,其中钻石T、海湾、特高表现较为突出,在生长势和产草量方面优于其它品种。故最适宜我区种植的多花黑麦草品种为钻石T、海湾、特高。     

土地生态适宜性评价在土地利用规划 环境影响评价中的应用 ——以安阳市为例

以安阳市为例，探讨了土地生态适宜性评价在土地利用规划环境影响评价中的应用。利用土地生态适宜性与生态环境敏感性的关联关系和生态环境敏感性评价的结果，将安阳市划分为了6个土地生态适宜利用类型区，提出了相应的土地生态开发建议性措施，协调了土地利用与生态环境建设的关系，为规划环评过程中对土地利用方式和空间布局的评价提供了科学的生态适宜性依据。     

贵州省贵草1号多花黑麦草种子生产技术规程

为了规范贵州省贵草1号多花黑麦草的生产,针对贵州省贵草1号多花黑麦草种子生产基地中的实际情况,依据国家、行业标准,对贵草1号多花黑麦草种子生产的环境条件、播种、田间管理和检验、收种、清选、贮藏等提出了具体要求和规定.该生产技术规程对贵州乃至西南诸省多花黑麦草种子的生产具有重要的现实指导意义.     

不同蛋白水平日粮对狼山鸡卵黄中激素沉积及子代生长的影响

选取狼山鸡种母鸡160羽,随机分成三个组,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为10%（低）、15%（对照）和20%（高）的日粮,21d后收集种蛋。每组随机选择10枚种蛋用于放免测定卵黄中母源性甲状腺激素和胰高血糖素,其余孵化后在相同条件饲养至28d,并测定生长性能.。分别与1日龄和28日龄每组各选10羽雏鸡进行屠宰测定。结果：（1）试验前后母鸡体重各组间均没有变化,低蛋白组产蛋率和蛋重显著下降（p<0.05）,高蛋白组蛋重显著高于对照组;（2）三组种蛋的卵黄中T3、胰高血糖素水平均没有显著性差异,而高蛋白组卵黄中T4水平显著高于对照组和低蛋白组（p<0.05）,低蛋白组1d后代血清中T3水平显著高于对照组,而高蛋白组血清T4水平显著高于对照组（p<0.05）;（3）出雏重与蛋重呈正相关（R2=0.9275,p<0.01）,出雏后高、低蛋白组子代均表现出较高的生长速度,28d低蛋白组子代鸡体重和相对胸肌重显著高于对照组（p<0.05）,高蛋白组体重与对照组相比有增加趋势,但差异不显著（p=0.08）。结论：母鸡饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮可以改变卵黄中母源性激素的沉积并能显著影响子代的生长。     

日粮不同赖氨酸水平对生长猪养分表观消化率、血清氨基酸含量和生化指标的影响

研究日粮中不同赖氨酸水平对生长猪养分表观消化率、血清氨基酸含量和血清生化指标的影响.试验采用全收粪法进行,选用12头始重约为20 kg的长×大二元杂交阉公猪,按体重随机分为3个处理组,处理Ⅰ饲喂含赖氨酸0.65%的基础日粮,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ在基础日粮中添加晶体赖氨酸盐酸盐,使赖氨酸含量分别为0.95%和1.25%,试验期为10 d.结果表明,该试验条件下,适宜的赖氨酸含量(处理Ⅱ组)使猪日粮养分表观消化率达到较好的水平,而降低赖氮酸含量(处理Ⅰ组)会使日粮能量、干物质、粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05);而降低或升高日粮赖氨酸水平会显著影响血清中丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Clu)、苏氨酸(Thr)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、酪氨酸(Tyr)和赖氨酸(Lys)的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时,处理Ⅰ组血清中血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清总蛋白(TP)的含量分别显著高于和低于处理Ⅱ组和处理Ⅲ组(P<0.05),但日粮不同赖氨酸水平对血清中血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量无显著影响(P>0.05).结果表明,在本试验条件下,20～35 kg生长猪日粮总赖氨酸建议需要量为0.95%.     

日粮纤维对猪营养物质消化率、消化道发育及消化酶活性的影响

使用甜菜渣和苜蓿草粉作为生长猪日粮主要纤维来源,研究日粮中不同含量的纤维对生长猪营养物质消化率、消化道发育和消化酶活性的影响。试验将60头体重为30kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪分为3组,3个组粗纤维含量分别为3%、6%和8%。结果表明,（1）日粮中总能、干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维随纤维含量的提高,呈现显著的下降趋势（p<0.05）。（2）将日粮中的粗纤维含量提高到8%,显著促进了胰脏和结肠的发育（P>0.05）;（3）将日粮中的粗纤维含量提高到8%,显著增加了十二指肠中的总水解蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和胰糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。     

10个黑麦草品种叶片SPAD值、叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量的相关性研究

为了了解不同黑麦草品种的叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量及蛋白质含量的关系,通过测定了10个黑麦草品种叶片SPAD值、叶绿素和蛋白质含量,对这10个品种的SPAD值、叶绿素和蛋白质含量进行了比较,同时分析了SPAD值与叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量的关系。结果表明：10个黑麦草品种SPAD值、叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量之间差异显著,其中A25、A22品种在SPAD值、叶绿素含量及蛋白质含量都优于其他品种。10个黑麦草品种SPAD值与叶绿素含量、蛋白质含量直线回归显著。这为进一步利用SPAD值来判断黑麦草的叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量提供了依据。     

Breeding of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for a low nitrate concentration by seedling test

In Japan, nitrate poisoning in ruminantscaused by the accumulation of nitrate inforage crops is a serious concern. In thisstudy, 3 cycles of phenotypic recurrentselection for nitrate concentration on adry matter basis were conducted for Italianryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv.Nioudachi) to develop a breeding methodusing a seedling test. The seedling testinvolved the nitrate analysis of a shootfrom a plant grown for 6 or 8 weeks in thepresence of 50 mM KNO₃. The selectionintensity was approximately 0.07 for eachcycle. The realized heritability of thethird generation was calculated to be 0.21for seedlings and 0.57 for adult plants. Ina pot experiment, the nitrate concentrationof the adult plants of the third generationwas found to be 60% of the value for theoriginal population at an early headingstage. The reduction is related to theincrease in dry matter (DM) content as wellas the decrease in nitrate concentration ona fresh matter basis. The original andselected populations did not differ in theheading date. The concentrations of K, Nand P in the third generation decreasedwith the increase of DM content, whereas Caand Mg concentrations remained constant. Variation in the nitrate concentration wasfound among varieties on the market. Inconclusion, the ability to accumulatenitrate is a quantitative genetic trait ofItalian ryegrass and large-scale selectionfor the breeding of low nitrate populationsis possible using a seedling test.     

Conservation of Spring Cut Italian Ryegrass as Round Bale Silage: Effect of Stage of Maturity on Ensiling Characteristics and Forage Nutritive Value

Spring cut Italian ryegrass was harvested at two different stages of maturity: lake vegetative (EARLY) and flowering (LATE). The wilted forage was round baled and then ensiled by wrapping in plastic film. EARLY harvest reduced dry matter (DM) yield significantly as compared to LATE (5.6 vs. 10.5 t ha⁻¹; P < 0.01). However, forage quality both before and after ensiling was better for EARLY with higher crude protein (CP) and non-structural carbohydrates content and a lower amount of cell walls (NDF). Higher pH and the fermentation characteristics confirmed the poor quality of LATE silage, having higher content of butyrate, propionate and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and a lower concentration of lactic acid.
Dry matter intake of EARLY silage by sheep (average 65.0 ± 7.3 kg LW) fed solely forage ad libitum was 37 % higher than LATE (1386 vs. 1011 g DM day⁻¹; P < 0.05) due to its better palatability and digestibility. In vivo DM digestibility of EARLY silage was 76.1 % while it decreased to 58.2 % for LATE silage. Estimated metabolizable energy content of EARLY silage (11.5 MJ kg⁻¹ DM) was 29 % higher than LATE (8.9 MJ kg⁻¹ DM) resulting as similar to the reference value of a high quality perennial ryegrass silage. The forage conservation system of ensiled round bales is effective and recommended when spring cut Italian ryegrass is harvested at an early stage of maturity.     

Nitrogen Uptake by Italian Ryegrass after Destruction of Non-fertilized Set-aside Covers at Different Times in Autumn and Winter

The introduction of the European set-aside into the rotation can modify the nitrogen availability for subsequent crops. With a view to evaluating this effect, three non-fertilized covers were sown in May 1995. These covers were ploughed in at three different times: October 1995, December 1995 and March 1996. The ploughed-in nitrogen quantities did not vary greatly with destruction time. The greatest quantities were incorporated into red clover plots and the smallest quantities into perennial ryegrass plots. The C/N of perennial ryegrass was on average 24 and that of red clover 14.
The soil cover by clover just before ploughing is significantly related to the ploughed-in nitrogen quantities.
An Italian ryegrass was sown as the subsequent crop to the set-aside. Overall, during the whole year 1996 and 1996–1997, there was no difference between the yields for different destruction times except for the first cut of 1996.
The highest production was obtained after red clover and the lowest after perennial ryegrass. The relationship between the nitrogen amount or C/N of the ploughed-in material and the nitrogen export for the annual harvest of Italian ryegrass showed highly significant correlations in 1996 as well as for the 2-year harvest. Two multiple regressions were calculated in order to take into consideration the characteristics of the ploughed-in material of the set-aside.
The measured percentage of soil cover by clover before ploughing and the annual nitrogen export of Italian ryegrass were also significantly related in 1996 and for both years.     

A sampling technique for assessing digestibility of Italian ryegrass populations

Summary A sampling technique is proposed for rapid digestibility screening of herbage grass ecotypes. Its application in the characterisation of genetic resources is discussed. The technique aims to standardize maturity and circumvent the problems of variation in stem:leaf ratio and the use of single plants versus swards.A experiment comparing the method with a standard technique using eleven ecotypes plus two controls of Lolium multiflorum is described.     

生长猪对菜粕和豆粕中磷真消化率的研究

选用6头健康大白×长白阉公猪为消化试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,设6个磷水平(0.11%,0.22%,0.33%,0.44%,0.55%,0.53%),以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础,以菜粕为待测植物性饲料,配制半纯合试验饲粮,其中菜粕和豆粕为磷唯一来源。日粮中添加0.35%Cr2O3作为外源指示剂。分6个试验期(每期8 d,6 d适应期,2d收粪期),测定了生长猪内源磷排泄量及菜粕和豆粕磷的真消化率。结果表明:生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.210 8g/kg DMI,菜粕、豆粕及6个半纯合饲粮中磷表观消化率分别为-0.30%,25.77%,7.25%,16.29%,16.54%,23.62%,15.04%,28.97%,而其真消化率分别为10.21%,32.94%,26.22%,23.62%,22.95%,23.57%,22.81%,32.94%。说明饲料磷真消化率更能反映动物对饲料磷消化吸收的真实情况,具有相对较好的重演性。     

苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中施肥对饲料产量、养分吸收与土壤性质的影响

大田试验条件下采用苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)与黑麦草(Lolium L.)轮作,分别设CK(不施肥)、NP(施氮磷肥)、NK(施氮钾肥)、PK(施磷钾肥)、NPK(施氮磷钾肥) 5个处理研究施肥对饲草产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施显著提高苏丹草与黑麦草鲜草产量,2005—2006年与2006—2007年两季饲草分别为162.7 t hm^-2、114.9 t hm^-2,分别比同期PK、NK、NP处理增产312.9%、26.9%、17.9%和338.5%、20.3%、17.2%。施肥影响饲草的氮、磷、钾含量,且氮磷钾配施可以改善饲草养分吸收,2005—2006年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为500 kg hm^-2、91 kg hm^-2和997 kg hm^-2,2006—2007年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为312 kg hm^-2、56 kg hm^-2和402 kg hm^-2。轮作系统中,氮磷钾肥配施条件下氮、磷盈余最少,而钾亏缺。在苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中,随着种植次数的增多,各施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮均有不同程度上升,施磷(NPK、NP、PK)处理的速效磷、施钾(NPK、NK、PK)处理的速效钾均有上升,而NK处理的速效磷、NP处理的速效钾略有下降。     

小麦戊聚糖含量及添加木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能值和养分消化率的影响

测定了河南省9个主栽小麦品种豫麦49号、豫麦47号、高优503、郑麦9023、豫麦34号、皖麦38、豫麦70号、孟12和河北8901的戊聚糖含量，结果表明，9个品种的戊聚糖含量为6．25％－8．23％；选取两个有代表性的品种豫麦70号和豫麦49号，用64只小公鸡进行代谢试验，评定添加1．2‰木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能（AME）值和养分消化率的影响。