Digital camera monitoring of recreational fishing effort: Applications and challenges

The growing awareness of the impact that recreational fishers can have on fish stocks has highlighted the paucity of information used to inform their management. Most of the available information on the scale and nature of recreational catch and effort has come from intermittent and labour‐intensive surveys that provide fragmented insights into often highly variable fisheries. Digital cameras offer a more cost‐effective means of continuously monitoring trends in recreational fishing effort, and it is surprising that greater use of this approach has not been made to date given its widespread use in other contexts. We share lessons learnt from four early adopter studies in New Zealand, Australia and Germany, where digital cameras have been used to monitor recreational fishing effort. Many of the challenges that we have encountered and overcome were initially unforeseen, and we suggest solutions and strategies to address these issues. We conclude that all aspects of a camera‐based monitoring system should be considered from the outset, to optimize the utility and value of the information they provide over the long term. Aspects to consider include the location and configuration of a camera system, ensuring service continuity, image quality, data storage, image interpretation and ultimately the analysis of any data collected. Robustly designed digital camera monitoring systems can be used to gain greater insight into recreational fishery dynamics, leading to more informed, responsive and effective fisheries management.     

Recreational sea fishing in Europe in a global context—Participation rates,fishing effort,expenditure, and implications for monitoring and assessment

Marine recreational fishing (MRF) is a high‐participation activity with large economic value and social benefits globally, and it impacts on some fish stocks. Although reporting MRF catches is a European Union legislative requirement, estimates are only available for some countries. Here, data on numbers of fishers, participation rates, days fished, expenditures, and catches of two widely targeted species were synthesized to provide European estimates of MRF and placed in the global context. Uncertainty assessment was not possible due to incomplete knowledge of error distributions; instead, a semi‐quantitative bias assessment was made. There were an estimated 8.7 million European recreational sea fishers corresponding to a participation rate of 1.6%. An estimated 77.6 million days were fished, and expenditure was €5.9 billion annually. There were higher participation, numbers of fishers, days fished and expenditure in the Atlantic than the Mediterranean, but the Mediterranean estimates were generally less robust. Comparisons with other regions showed that European MRF participation rates and expenditure were in the mid‐range, with higher participation in Oceania and the United States, higher expenditure in the United States, and lower participation and expenditure in South America and Africa. For both northern European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Moronidae) and western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae) stocks, MRF represented 27% of the total removals. This study highlights the importance of MRF and the need for bespoke, regular and statistically sound data collection to underpin European fisheries management. Solutions are proposed for future MRF data collection in Europe and other regions to support sustainable fisheries management.     

北斗船位数据提取拖网捕捞努力量算法研究

传统的捕捞努力量统计耗时费力,并且存在延时,不能及时了解宏观的捕捞强度,本研究以象山港拖网渔船为研究对象,选择安装北斗终端的1 508艘渔船,对北斗卫星船位监控系统所获取的渔船船位、航向、航速等信息进行分析挖掘,获得捕捞强度。根据航速统计获得每艘渔船处于捕捞状态的航速阈值,如拖网船300791捕捞状态船位点阈值的航向差最小和最大分别是-50和52°,航速最小和最大分别是0.9和2.0 m/s,两者结合判断捕捞状态点,再采用过滤窗修正,在各渔区格网计算一段时间内渔船捕捞状态点的累计捕捞时间,其值与渔船功率的乘积获得捕捞努力量,物理单位为kW·h,并制作累计捕捞kW·h的格点图和插值图。该方法具有实时、大范围、快速、分辨率高的特点,能够很好地服务于渔业资源保护。     

射频卡在现代海洋渔业船员管理中的应用初探

渔业船员人为因素是导致渔业船舶海上事故的主要原因,渔业船员管理工作直接影响着海洋渔业安全生产。新形势下,传统静态渔业船员管理已无法适应科学发展的客观需要。将射频卡(非接触式IC卡)应用于渔业船员证书中,实现船员信息一卡制和渔业船员动态跟踪管理,提高渔业船员管理的水平。     

Three-dimensional underwater shape measurement of tuna longline using ultrasonic positioning system and ORBCOMM buoy

ABSTRACT:   The installation depth of the hook in longline fishing gear has previously been measured with micro depth loggers. Research that assumes the catenary shape of longline fishing gear by a simulation based on these data has been done. However, it was not known whether the branch line was tangled with the main line or flowed with the current. In this research, an ultrasonic positioning system generally used to investigate the underwater behavior of marine organisms, and a buoy with a communications satellite, have been used, and the 3-dimensional underwater shape of tuna longline fishing gear was measured. It was possible to monitor changes in fishing gear in real time. The possibility of high precision measurement was suggested with future technical improvement.     

船位监控系统数据挖掘与应用研究进展

船位监控系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS)作为一种渔船监控手段,同时也为渔业科学研究提供了一种新的数据来源。VMS数据记录了渔船实时的船位、航速、航向等动态信息,已被广泛应用于海洋渔业的诸多领域。本文结合国内外研究现状,对VMS数据分析挖掘方法进行了归纳和总结,对采用VMS数据进行捕捞努力量估算、渔民行为特点和渔场分析、捕捞活动对海洋生态环境影响等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并在此基础上分析了VMS数据在海洋渔业上的应用前景及其存在的问题,对今后我国采用VMS数据进行相关研究提出了建议。     

1985~1986年长江口生态系统能流网络分析

中国近海基于北斗卫星导航系统的渔船监控系统(vessel monitoring system,VMS),在渔船管理和应急救援中发挥了重要作用,同时北斗船位数据还包含位置、时间、航速、航行等信息,可进一步用于渔船航次信息挖掘与分析。文章首先把海陆边界划分成多个0.1°×0.1°的港口格网,然后根据格网与渔船轨迹相交关系,提取海南省2016年的全部航次。海南省渔船以小型为主,航次时间1~5 d占全部航次数的71.8%,各作业类型航次时间平均都在5 d左右;受休渔期、节假日、台风等天气影响,航次频数各月变化有3个峰值和3个谷值;儋州、三亚、文昌3个海南省返回港的航次占航次总数的62.9%,海南省出港非海南省返港的航次主要集中在北海市、阳江市、惠州市等港口。文章基于北斗船位数据的航次提取方法具有普适性,可以直接应用到安装有北斗终端的近海其他省市的渔船。     

远洋渔船电子监控技术应用研究进展及展望#br#

目前,中国正加强远洋渔业的监督和规范管理,长期以来,观察员在远洋渔业管理中发挥重要作用,但其低覆盖率一直是亟待解决的问题,新出现的电子监控(electronic monitoring,EM)成为其有效替代和辅助手段。通过分析国内外远洋渔船EM技术发展,闸明了远洋渔船运用EM的必要性。介绍了EM的组成、具体方法、目标种类及其在远洋渔船常用3种渔具的应用;论述了现今EM系统在远洋渔船的适用性及功能和EM的优缺点:EM技术在远洋渔船已有应用且具有一些观察员无法具备的优势,但缺乏针对各类远洋渔船和目标鱼种监控的高质量应用示范,且对渔业数据相关处理技术的研究精度与深度还不够。最后对EM研究现状进行了总结并对EM技术未来的研究方向和重点提出了具体建议,可为远洋渔船应用电子监控相关研究提供参考。     

Development of performance indices for the Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery using data from a vessel monitoring system

This study investigates the potential for using data from a vessel monitoring system (VMS) to create indices of commercial fishery performance that may be used in monitoring snow crab resource status. Fishing hours were screened from hourly positional signals to create an index of fishing effort (hours fished) for comparison with that derived from logbooks (number of trap hauls). Similarly, a VMS-based fishing catch per unit of effort (CPUE) index was developed for comparison with CPUE derived from logbooks. Analysis of these indices showed that VMS-based fishing effort and CPUE indices can be interpreted to provide reliable complementary or alternative indices to logbooks for assessment of fishery performance in the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery. We also developed a VMS-based index of fishing efficiency and illustrate how it can be applied toward understanding various behaviors and anomalies in the fishery. VMS data may offer other potential applications for snow crab assessment and management. Our approach and methods are applicable to other commercial fishery resources worldwide that are monitored using vessel monitoring systems.     

基于PLC的蟹笼渔船诱饵填盒与塞笼自动化流水线方案设计

蟹笼渔船诱捕饵料在使用过程需要经过破冰分离、切块、填盒、塞笼等工序,效率低、劳动强度大.为提升蟹笼渔船的生产效率,需要实现饵料使用自动化.提出了一种实现饵料使用自动化的流水线生产方案,并通过Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0进行流水线的结构设计建模与原理分析,采用GX works3基于三菱FX5U系列P...     

海洋捕捞产量统计方法比较与讨论——以温州为例

为分析电子捕捞日志数据的准确性和可信度,以“粤新会渔01282” “粤新会渔01240” “粤新会渔01286” “粤新会渔01239” “粤茂滨渔47239” “粤新会渔02163” “粤茂滨渔42278” “粤新会渔00070”和“粤新会渔01268”9艘拖网渔船2018年8月17日—2019年4月30日的作业状态为研究对象,利用北斗船位数据提取拖网作业时间、作业网次和作业渔区,与电子捕捞日志数据的相关信息进行比较验证。结果表明,9艘拖网渔船的电子捕捞日志数据与北斗数据提取的作业时间的重复率分别为36.7%、64.8%、71.4%、81.5%、24.7%、46.7%、66.7%、79.6%和68.9%。作业渔区的重复率分别为80%、86.9%、65.7%、74.7%、75.3%、85.6%、71.6%、56.9%和65.2%,作业网次的重复率分别为65%、86.4%、60%、70%、75.3%、67.1%、54.4%、62.1%和35.4%。作业时间与渔获量的相关性分析结果表明,“粤新会渔01286” “粤新会渔01239” “粤新会渔01240”和“粤茂滨渔47239”的作业时间与渔获量呈极显著相关(P<0.01),“粤茂滨渔42278”的作业时间与渔获量呈显著相关(P<0.05),“粤新会渔01282” “粤新会渔02163” “粤新会渔00070”和“粤新会渔01268”的作业时间与渔获量无显著相关性(P<0.05),反映出电子捕捞日志数据的准确性和可信性尚有空间可待提高。

     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.     

渔船氨水吸收式制冷系统的建模和理论运行特性分析

根据渔船节能减排的需求,设计了一种新型的渔船氨水吸收式制冷系统,利用渔船余热实现渔船的制冰、蓄冷和工作区域供冷,解决了渔船上鱼类的保鲜和冷藏,改善船上工作环境。建立了渔船氨水吸收式制冷的热力学模型和性能评价指标,在此基础上采用序贯模块法迭代求解,实现了渔船氨水吸收式制冷系统的仿真,同时进一步研究了不同操作条件下制冷系统的运行特性,最终获得了烟气温度、流量和三通阀开度等参数变化时各用户端功率的变化规律。该系统模型可指导渔船制冷系统的功率分配,为优化渔船制冷系统的运行参数、实现低碳渔船提供理论基础。     

CPUE standardisation and the construction of indices of stock abundance in a spatially varying fishery using general linear models

Construction of annual indices of stock abundance based on catch and effort data remains central to many fisheries’ assessments. While the use of more advanced statistical methods has helped catch rates to be standardised against many explanatory variables, the changing spatial characteristics of most fisheries data sets provide additional challenges for constructing reliable indices of stock abundance. After reviewing the use of general linear models to construct indices of annual stock abundance, potential biases which can arise due to the unequal and changing nature of the spatial distribution of fishing effort are examined and illustrated through the analysis of simulated data. Finally, some options are suggested for modelling catch rates in unfished strata and for accounting for the uncertainties in the stock and fishery dynamics which arise in the interpretation of spatially varying catch rate data.     

Size selectivity of escape holes in conger tube traps for inshore hagfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eptatretus burgeri</Emphasis> and white-spotted conger <Emphasis Type="Italic">Conger myriaster</Emphasis> in Tokyo Bay

ABSTRACT:   In Tokyo Bay, conger tube-trap fishers voluntarily deployed escape holes of at least 13 mm diameter to reduce the by-catch of young conger smaller than the marketable size of 35 cm total length. Comparative fishing experiments in Tokyo Bay were carried out using tube traps with seven hole diameters (3, 9, 13.5, 14, 15, 17, and 19 mm), to obtain the size-selectivity of the escape-hole size for inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and white-spotted conger Conger myriaster . On the assumption of the geometrical similarity in the combination of body g and hole perimeter m at a given retention probability, a single master curve s ( R ) = exp(−13.52 + 11.31 R )/(1 + exp [−13.52 + 11.31 R ]) was estimated for the two species in terms of relative R  =  g / m using the Share Each LEngth's Catch Total (SELECT) process based on a multinomial distribution. Almost all conger and hagfish with a girth equivalent to the hole perimeter were able to pass through the hole. Thus, the two species have a high ability to escape through a narrow space by squeezing the body through the hole in the rigid PVC tube. Optimum escape-hole size is discussed from several objectives for conger tube-trap fishery management, e.g. reduction of hagfish by-catch. This study also specifies the conditions for pooling data when fishing experiments using more than two fishing gears are replicated.     

Development and testing of a pedigree‐marking system using visible implant elastomer tags for selective improvement in Morone breeding programmes

The development and testing of a visible implant elastomer pedigree‐marking system was evaluated in sunshine bass, Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis, and white bass, M. chrysops (Rafinesque). These tags were tested in sunshine bass fingerlings at one of four subdermal body locations (posterior to the eye, dorsal fin musculature, caudal fin musculature or anal fin musculature). Tag visibility decreased with increased sunshine bass growth (63% after 56 days). Visibility differed among body locations, with the caudal and anal tagging locations having lower visibility. White bass fingerlings representing eight genetic groups were then tagged at one of two body locations (left or right subdermal along the dorsal musculature) using one of four fluorescent colours and reared for 42 days in a common garden growth trial. Tag visibility in white bass was 99.5% at 14 days, 98.2% at 28 days and 94.9% at 42 days after tagging. There was a significant change in weight among the eight genetic groups of white bass fingerlings after 42 days (P=0.03). Testing of this pedigree tagging system successfully identified phenotypically different groups of white bass fingerlings.