浸种对2个毛红椿种源种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

将2013年11月采集江西官山国家自然保护区和江西九连山国家级自然保护区里的毛红椿种子,2014年4月进行田间播种育苗实验,研究浸种时间对不同种源种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在相同浸种时间下,官山种源的发芽率和苗高均大于九连山种源,但地径生长显著小于九连山种源;20 h浸种能显著提高毛红椿种子的发芽率和幼苗高生长,但对径生长无显著影响。     

吸湿-回干处理对毛红椿种子发芽的影响

利用吸湿-回干处理技术,研究不同处理方法对毛红椿不同种源种子活力的影响.结果表明:10℃吸湿处理,能较好地提高江西省官山自然保护区种源种子活力,发芽率由80%提高到92%;种子发芽指数由7.354提高到9.679,平均发芽时间缩短2～3 d.15℃吸湿处理,能较好地提高马头山自然保护区种源种子活力,发芽率由43%提高到60%;发芽指数由5.654提高到7.939,平均发芽时间也缩短2～3 d.     

不同种源2年生毛红椿光合特性差异研究

采用Li-6400光合系统测定仪对分别来自官山自然保护区、马头山自然保护区和九连山自然保护区的3个2年生毛红椿种源,进行光合特性差异分析,结果表明:来自官山自然保护区的毛红椿种源,在高温强光下较之其它两个种源有较强的光合能力。毛红椿的净光合速率Pn日进程曲线呈"双峰"型,高峰出现在一天中的10:00和14:00左右,在天气晴朗情况下有较明显的光合"午休"现象。同时通过比较同一种源不同月份(8～10月)的光合特性得知,9月是毛红椿生长的一个高峰期。     

毛红椿种子性状的种源差异及综合评价

为揭示毛红椿种子性状的地理变异规律,测定了毛红椿6个种源的种子表型、种子品质及其内含物含量等14个指标,研究种子性状的种源差异,并通过主成分法及聚类法对种子性状进行综合评价。除种子长和淀粉含量外,不同种源种子的其他性状差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01),种子性状变异系数的范围为6.09%～26.99%,其中种子表型特征变异系数平均值最小(7.93%)。江西宜丰种源的种子千粒重(7.81 g)显著高于其他种源,发芽率(81.93%)最高。种子千粒重与发芽率、可溶性糖含量及非结构性碳水化合物含量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明毛红椿种子的重量与其所含的内含物的含量有关。种子性状的主成分分析结果表明,特征根大于1的主成分有3个,其贡献率分别为43.82%、 32.48%、15.01%,累计贡献率达91.31%。聚类分析将6个种源分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群是江西宜丰种源,为高千粒重、高可溶性糖和高非结构性碳水化合物类群;第Ⅱ类群是江西龙南种源;第Ⅲ类为江西茅坪、福建南平、浙江富阳和湖北恩施种源。整体来说,毛红椿种子性状在种源间具有较强的遗传改良潜力,种子表型特征比种子品质和内含...     

东革阿里种子生物学特性研究

为研究药用植物东革阿里(Eurycoma longifolia)种子的生物学特性,通过形态学观察、种子发芽试验等方法对5个东革阿里种源的种子形态、千粒重、种子含水量、种子发芽率等指标进行测定.结果表明:5个东革阿里种源的种子外观形态差异不大,其千粒重和含水量从大到小排列均为:海岸带种源＞海岛种源＞低地种源＞大陆种源＞山地种源.5个种源中以海岸带种源发芽率最高,为52％;低地种源和海岛种源发芽率低,仅为28％和34％.初步筛选出海岸带种源东革阿里种子可作为优良种质资源.     

红豆树种子催芽试验研究

本文采取不同水温浸泡处理与不同贮藏方式处理等不同催芽方式对红豆树(Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils.)种子发芽率的影响进行对比试验研究。结果表明：不同水温浸泡处理之间的红豆树种子发芽率存在显著差异,且达到极显著水平(P＜0.001),发芽率的大小依次为：82.3%(100℃)＞23.8%(60℃)＞1.6%(20℃);不同贮藏方式处理之间的红豆树种子发芽率存在显著差异,且达到极显著水平(P＜0.001),发芽率的大小依次为：82.32%(湿沙贮藏)＞61.4%(湿沙+黄土贮藏)＞42.7%(黄土贮藏);最佳催芽方式为100℃高温的水浸泡处理后,再采用湿沙贮藏。     

箭根薯种子发芽试验

对箭根薯种子的室内发芽情况进行了试验.结果表明:在黑暗条件下,种子不能萌发;光照强度和光照时间对种子发芽率没有显著影响;每天光照14h,在15～35℃范围内,温度对发芽率无显著影响,但不同温度下发芽速率却有显著差异;在自然状况下风干的种子,种子含水率不同,其发芽率无明显差异;种子在4℃下贮藏1a,其发芽率不会下降,在-18℃下贮藏半年,其发芽率不会明显下降,贮藏半年以上,则下降明显.     

不同种源黄檀种子性状与萌发特性的研究

为了研究黄檀种子的表型性状和发芽特性及幼苗生长量在不同种源间的差异,选取湖南新宁、吉首,江西庐山,安徽皇甫山等4个种源地的黄檀种子作为研究材料,测定其种子的长、宽、千粒重等指标,并通过发芽试验,分析不同种源地种子的发芽率及幼苗生长情况。结果表明:黄檀种子变异幅度为长8. 28～10. 63mm,宽4. 89～5. 16 mm,千粒重33. 11～52. 43 g。新宁种子最长,为10. 63 mm,千粒重最大,为52. 43 g;皇甫山种子最宽,为5. 16 mm;新宁种子发芽率最高,为68%;新宁幼苗株高最大,为7. 00 cm;新宁幼苗地径最大,为1. 67 mm。方差分析表明,不同种源间种子长、宽、千粒重有极显著差异;不同种源间种子的发芽率、幼苗株高、地径有极显著差异,且发芽率及幼苗生长量均与种子长、千粒重呈正相关。     

林地土壤及其真菌对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗保存的影响

[目的]通过不同群落毛红椿天然林林地土壤及其真菌对种子萌发和幼苗存活影响的研究,探讨影响毛红椿天然更新的障碍因素。[方法]在江西九连山国家级自然保护区内的3个毛红椿天然优势群落中,分别取距离毛红椿母树3个不同距离(2.5、5.0、7.5 m)处的根区土壤和远离毛红椿母树(25 m以外)的非根区土壤,以非林地土为对照开展室内模拟播种和以根区土壤真菌的水或根系分泌物悬液对毛红椿幼苗进行灌根接种,观察种子萌发、幼苗存活和幼苗感病情况。[结果]各群落土壤中种子发芽均呈先上升后下降规律,且基本在第8 10天达到高峰;林地土与非林地土种子发芽率差异不显著,但林地根区土幼苗的存活率极显著低于非林地土和林地非根区土;距母树3个不同距离根区土的幼苗存活率差异不显著。灌根接种不同处理间幼苗存活率差异极显著,具体表现为接种RS2、RS5根区真菌的幼苗感病率显著高于根系分泌物及无菌水空白对照,且RS2真菌的根系分泌物悬浮液幼苗感病率显著高于其无菌水悬浮液。[结论]毛红椿种子萌发不受土壤环境的影响,但幼苗建成受根区范围内土壤的影响,根系分泌物和致病菌的互作显著降低幼苗保存率。由此推断,毛红椿根区土壤内存在幼苗的潜在致病菌及根系分泌物可增强其致病性。     

不同处理方法对樟树种子发芽的影响

对樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)种子采取不同激素和不同贮藏方法进行发芽试验,分析其种子发芽率及发芽势。结果表明:不同激素处理后,种子发芽势和发芽率差异显著,浓度100 mg/L NAA处理后的种子发芽势和发芽率最高;经不同贮藏处理后,种子发芽势和发芽率也差异显著,沙藏保湿处理的发芽势和发芽率明显高于其它处理。     

Study on the germination ofPaulownia tomentosa seeds in different provenances and its cluster

This paper dealt with the studying the germination percentage, germination potential and analyzing the germination of the seeds with different treatments by systematic statistics method. Seeds were collected from 14 provenances in September 1994. The results indicated that the germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in various provenances were different. Both indexes in Nanchang, area was much lower than those in the rest provenances. The germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in different provenance declined after the seeds were treated with aging for one year. The light treatment might promotes the germination percentage more effectively than the germination potential. In addition, fuzzy cluster may reflect the relationship among germination in different provenances. (Responsible Editor: Dai Fangtian)     

Study on the Germination of Paulownia Tomentosa Seeds in Different Provenances and Its Cluster

lntroductionPuult,hwiaIOmentosaisoneofthethstestgrowingtreesandspreadsinmostprovincesofChina,butthesamecharacterindifferentareaisvarious.ThephysiologyandecoIogyofthetreehavebeenstudiedmostIy.However-thepaperonthegerminationstateandthereIationoftheseedsamo…     

Germination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus procera</Emphasis> seeds in response to stratification and smoke treatments,and detection of insect-damaged seeds with VIS + NIR spectroscopy

Seeds of Juniperus procera collected from five provenances across its geographic range in Ethiopia were subjected to cold-moist stratification at 5°C or 10°C for 6–12 weeks. The effect of aqueous smoke solution in overcoming the light requirement for germination, and the potential of visible (VIS) and near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for sorting sound and insect-damaged seeds were also investigated. Highly significant differences in germination were detected among provenances (P < 0.0001) and stratification periods (P < 0.0001), but not between temperature regimes (P=0.111). Seeds from the south and southeast distribution ranges had higher percentage germination after 6 weeks of stratification than seeds collected from north, northwest and central ranges of distribution. The smoke treatment did not affect germination regardless of whether the seeds were exposed to light. Exposure to light increased germination capacity three fold. Sound and damaged seeds were distinguished with 90% accuracy using VIS + NIR spectroscopy. It can be concluded that dormancy in juniper seeds varies with provenances, and cold stratification for 6 weeks alleviates dormancy in some seed lots. Tentatively, smoke treatment seems ineffective in overcoming photo-dormancy in juniper seeds. VIS + NIR spectroscopy has demonstrated a great potential for sorting damaged seeds, thereby upgrading seed lot purity.     

竹子种子品质测定和发芽率试验

对不同时间采集的12个种源地竹子种子进行随机抽样,得到12个样品,利用恒温发芽箱进行发芽率实验及种子品质测定.结果表明,种子的纯净度、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势分别为32.4％ ～ 96.7％、11.5 ～107.5 g、0％～72％、0％ ～ 44.5％.多数种子发芽率为10％ ～50％,巨竹种子发芽率较高,可达50％以上.种源不同,种子保存条件不同,种子发芽情况也不同.     

山合欢种子超干燥贮藏的生理生化效应

采用正交设计从种子含水量、包装方法、保存温度和预回湿方法4个因素来探索山合欢种子超干燥保存的可行性。用硅胶将种子脱水至1.42%～6.35%6个含水量梯度,结合不同处理密封保存1年,随后测定发芽率和一些生理生化指标,包括相对电导率(RC)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性总糖含量和脂肪酸组分。结果表明:种子含水量和预回湿方法对发芽率有显著影响,超干种子与未经超干处理的种子相比,发芽率有明显提高;超干种子发芽率与相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈显著负相关,与脯氨酸含量和3种抗氧化酶活性呈显著正相关;超干种子的油酸和α-亚麻酸含量比对照提高。适宜的超干处理能使抗氧化酶活性增强,使不饱和脂肪酸和可溶性总糖的含量增加,从而减缓种子生活力下降。     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol on germination of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds from natural and plantation forests on sandy land

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, with four replicates) on germination of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) seeds produced in plantations (southern Keerqin sandy land) and natural forests (Hulunbeier sandy plain) were observed. The results indicated that the seeds from both provenances did not germinate when PEG concentration was more than 25%. The time of initial germination and that of its completion of stressed seeds from both provenances were delayed when compared with the unstressed seeds. The germination capacity and germination rate of natural seeds were significantly higher than those of plantation seeds for all treatment levels (P < 0.05). The mean growth rates of radicle and hypocotyl from natural seeds were significantly higher than those from plantation seeds at all treatment levels below 20% PEG treatment (P < 0.05). The ratios of radicle to hypocotyl of 20% PEG treatment were significant higher than those of the corresponding controls for both provenances (P < 0.05). These results suggested that Mongolian pine seeds/seedlings had stronger resistance to PEG drought stresses; 10% PGE stress did not significantly influence germination. Natural seeds exhibited more resistance to PEG stress than plantation seeds. It was concluded that drought stress on seed germination might be one cause of obstructed natural regeneration of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land. It is recommended that natural seeds be used for afforestation, and light drought stress (e.g., 10% PEG stress) may be useful in improving seed germination and the growth of radicles and hypocotyls.     

江西官山国家级自然保护区彩叶植物资源及其开发利用

通过实地调查和统计,官山国家级自然保护区彩叶植物共有59科81属115种。重点介绍红楠(Machlus thunbergii)、山乌桕(Sapium discolor)等8种彩叶植物的观赏特性。并对官山保护区开发利用彩叶植物资源提出建议。     

Effect of the seeds provenance and treatment on the germination rate and plants growth of four forest trees species of C?te d'Ivoire

The rapid rate of deforestation in Cote d'Ivoire has led to loss of plant species diversity and also threatens some commercial tree species with extinction.Some reforestation and afforestation has been completed.However,for some species,the numbers of surviving transplants has declined.Hence,it is necessary to develop properly adapted and resilient genotypes that can effectively support the programs of forest restoration.In this context we evaluated the effects of the provenances of seeds and of various treatments on the germination rates and on plant growth of four commercial trees species(Pycnanthus angolensis,Terminalia superba,Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa).We analyzed these parameters for seeds of three provenances(Daloa,Akoupe and Daoukro) of four species and for thirty plants aged 6 months per provenance.Time to begin germination and time to reach maximum germination were similar among species,and were not influenced by either treatment or provenance.Untreated seeds and those soaked for 24 and 48 h in water at room temperature yielded the highest germination rates,irrespective of species or provenance.The one exception was P.angolensis, for which no germination was recorded.Within species,some provenances produced higher germination percentages than did others.No clear relationship was computed between the germination rate and the morphometric characteristics of the seeds which varied significantly between provenances.Plant growth and morphological variability also depended greatly on provenance.Genetic factors might be implicated,therefore provenance trials should be undertaken and evaluated.Furthermore,molecular analysis should be undertaken to confirm the implications of genetic factors and allow for genetic selection.