水杉原生古树保护工作现状及存在的问题

本文简述了近 2 0年来利川在保护水杉原生古树方面采取的主要措施 ,取得的主要成绩 ,以及存在的主要问题。并针对存在问题 ,提出了合理化建议。     

水杉原生古树保护工作现状及存在的问题

本文简述了近２０年来利川在保护水杉原生古树方面要取的主要措施，取得了主要成绩，以及存在的主要问题，并针对存在问题，提出了合理化建议。     

湖北利川水杉原生种群保护的研究

湖北利川市境内的水杉原生种群是世界上唯一现存的水杉原生种群集中分布区 ,对水杉原生种群的保护价值、存在的主要问题及保护对策进行探讨。     

国家一级珍稀植物水杉母树资源调查及其保护

笔者对星斗山保护区内的水杉母树资源进行了调查,探明了保护区内水杉母树的资源量、分布规律及濒危原因,并提出了相应的保护措施。     

星斗山自然保护区水杉母树的生长状况及保护策略

在湖北西部地区的星斗山国家级自然保护区西片利川市小河境内分布着大面积的水杉原生种群.近期对该原生种群的分布及生存现状进行了调查,针对其生境的恶化及遭受的病害、虫害、煤烟毒害及雷击害等情况,提出了相应的措施和对策.     

星斗山自然保护区水杉阴沉木的分布及保护对策

在湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区西部的小河水杉原生群落中,分布着大面积的水杉阴沉木。近日通过调查,了解其分布状况和所处的恶劣处境,鉴于此,提出了合理的保护对策。     

水杉采穗圃建圃技术的研究

水杉是优良的平原绿化树种,为了改善水杉种质,过去人们比较重视种子园建设,但是,水杉结实迟,结实量少,发芽率低,效益差,不能满足需要。随着无性系林业的兴起,建立水杉优良无性系采穗圃,用优良无性系苗木造林将显示更多的优越性。通过对建辅技术的研究,提出经     

水杉苗期对氮素营养需求的研究

为研究水杉苗对氮素营养的需求 ,按 0 0 ,1 0 ,2 0 ,3 0 ,4 0和 5 0g氮 /盆 6个水平进行试验研究。结果表明 :水杉苗高、地径、分枝数、分枝总长等随着施氮量的增加而提高 ,但当施氮量超过 3 0 g/1 5kg土后 ,这些项目又随施氮量的继续增加而下降。水杉苗叶绿素的含量对氮素的反应亦与此类似 ;根、茎、叶的含氮量随施氮量的增加而增加。     

Protection of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng in China

Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng) is an important but endangered tree species. In a sense, the course of protection of the metasequoia can be considered a miniature of the history of the protection of rare Chinese plants over the past 50 years. The approval and establishment of the National Class Nature Reserve for metasequoia is a milestone in this course. A thorough understanding of this course is beneficial to design the correct future protection plans and for taking effective measures. In this paper the entire protection course of metasequoia is reviewed, three detailed measures are proposed according to the present situation and existing problems and discussed as follows. 1) We should reinforce unceasingly the establishment of National Nature Reserves of metasequoia, put emphasis on the protection of the original natural mother trees (ONMTs) of metasequoia, design farsighted projects to protect the ONMTs and strictly implement and enforce the regulations or laws regarding the protection of metasequoia. The establishment and functions of the organization should meet the demands of protecting the ONMTs and developing metasequoias. The budget should support and the quality of the personnel assigned to this task should satisfy the protection and development of the ONMTs. We should also promote the complete protection of the ONMTs at the same time and strengthen the protection and restoration of the ONMTs and their ecosystem in the Xiaohe valley, Lichuan County, Hubei Province, one of the natural concentration areas of ONMTs in the world. 2) A gene bank should be established for comprehensive protection of the genes of ex-isting original mother trees of metasequoia. 3) The key is to study the theoretical fundamentals of restoration and re-establishment of natural vegetation of metasequoia in the Xiaohe valley to harmonize the relation among environmental departments, forestry sectors, academies of sciences and other educational or research units, to carry out scientific research and strengthen academic exchanges to promote jointly the protection and utilization of metasequoia and other natural resources in China.     

水杉人工林引种实验生长量与经济效益分析

根据引种营造的32年水杉人工林的培育经营情况,计算分析证实,在实验地的立地和气候条件下,营造水杉人工林生长速度快,蓄积年均生长量达到11.5m3/hm2。经济效益大,32年林分的出材量263.85m3/hm2,收入122 312.3元/hm2,利润63 573.85元/hm2。投资回收期PP为17.59年;净现值NPV为5 422.29元,内部报酬率IRR为13.74%,获利指数PI为3.17。     

水杉脲醛树脂胶定向刨花板的研究

利用水杉木材制造定向刨花板（ＯＳＢ），既是水杉高效利用的途径之一，又为ＯＳＢ拓展了原材料来源，为ＯＳＢ的发展提供了条件，本文分析了水杉木材与制板工艺有关的物理，力学，化学性质，研究了水杉材ＵＦ胶ＯＳＢ的生产工艺，试验结果表明，利用水杉木材生产ＵＦ胶ＯＳＢ是完全可行的，只要工艺参数选择合理，产品性能可达或过欧共体ＵＦ胶定向刨花板标准要求。     

Analysis of the change in the original Metasequoia glyptostroboides population and its environment in Lichuan, Hubei from 1948 to 2003

Lichuan, located at the foot of the Wuling Mountain in southwest Hubei Province of central China, is well known in the world for the discovery of the living fossil Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng in the 1940s. Its natural habitat has been well protected by the Chinese government. In order to provide a scientific foundation for the protection of the Metasequoia resource, it has become necessary to analyze the changes in the original, natural Metasequoia mother trees (ONMMT) and their environment from 1948 to 2003. The results and countermeasures are as follows: First, the distribution areas have little changed, involving four towns/farmland, 45 villages, 5,746 individual trees in 1983 and 5,388 trees in 2003, covering nearly 600 km², with an average density of less than 0.1 tree/hm². The Metasequoia distribution consists of two main types: a scattered distribution type found mainly at the foothills or near houses, roads, villages and rivers while the population distribution type is found mainly at the mountains and valleys with a minority at low elevations in the mountains and basins. The largest Metasequoia populations have 105 and 123 trees. Second, in the past, attention was only paid to the protection of individual trees while the protection of the Metasequoia population and environment was neglected. This led to a shift from the past mixed forests to pure Metasequoia forests, with a simpler structure, reduced biodiversity and conditions non-conducive for natural renewal. From 1983 to 2003, 386 original Metasequoia mother trees died. So it is vital to enhance the protection of the only original Metasequoia population in the world and its habitat. Third, modern ecological means should be taken to protect the original Metasequoia population and its habitat. Research on the restoration and rehabilitation of Metasequoia vegetation should be carried out. Restoration and rehabilitation should be put into practice in the Xiaohe Valley, where the highest concentration of Metasequoia is found. Fourth, efficient measures should be taken to stop human activities that are harmful to Metasequoia and to improve the environment of ONMMT in order to promote the protection of the ONMMT population and its ecosystem. Eco-emigration and the return of marginal agricultural land to forestry can be practiced. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(5): 972–977 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(5): 972–977]     

Genetic variation in progenies of 23 relic trees of Metasequoia glyptostroboides in their original habitat

Seeds of 23 relic Metasequoia glyptostroboides trees were randomly collected from their original, natural populations found in Lichuan City, Hubei Province, China. The seed characteristics and growth of their three-year-old progenies were investigated. Results show that the average intra-family coefficient of variation (CV) in height growth of the 23 three-year-old families was 14.53%, slightly higher than that of the inter-family CV (14.02%). Correspondingly, these two parameters for root-collar diameter growth were 15.44% and 13.15%. The 23 relic mother trees were significantly differed in their general combining abilities (GCA) and relative effect values of GCA (RGCA) of height growth and root-collar diameter growth over the three years. Both height and root-collar diameter growth had high family heritability in this seedling stage. After eliminating two inferior families, i.e., 15 and 46, 2.21% of genetic gain in height growth was obtained and 1.50% in root-collar diameter growth. It was also significantly different in crown size and number of branches among the 23 three-year-old seedling families. From a cluster analysis we concluded that eight families, i.e., 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35 and 44 displayed superior GCA and RGCA in both height and root-collar diameter growth. Therefore, these relic mother trees displayed their potential as parents in seed orchards. With the exception of family 23, the other seven superior families were all collected at Guihua Village, Zhonglu Town, Lichuan City, which has been identified as an optimum district of M. glyptostroboides for seed collection.     

水杉人工林抚育间伐的效果比较

在１５ａ生水杉人工林内设立标准地，定量机械间伐，定期测定生长量，对抚育间伐７ａ后的效果及经济效益进行分析，结果表明：（１）不同初植密度的林分采用较小的强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量分别提高５．９７，９．２７ｍ３，增加９．５７％，１４．８７％；采用较大强度ｐｎ＝５０％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量下降９．７ｍ３，减少１５．５７％。（２）抚育间伐过的林分（间伐强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％，５０％）与对照林分相比，单位面积保留木平均生长率分别提高１．３４％，２．００％，１．９７％。（３）抚育间伐的林分与对照林分相比，平均每公顷总产值和利润分别增加６２７８，５７８４元，增长７．７％，９．５％。     

青岛城区水杉和银杏立木结构特征分析

立木结构特征是森林资源调查、评估及经营管理的基础。本研究通过对150株水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)和175株银杏(Ginkgo biloba)立木结构特征因子的实测,基于立木地径(D_0)、胸径(D_1.3)、冠幅(CW)、树高(H)等特征因子的实测和相关关系分析,构建了水杉和银杏立木结构特征回归模型。结果表明,水杉、银杏的不同部位直径之间的相关性最强。水杉的D_0-D_1.3、D_0.1-D_1.3之间的关系用Logistic式拟合优度较高,而银杏D_0-D_1.3、D_0.1-D_1.3、D_0–D_0.1之间的关系用直线式拟合优度较高。水杉和银杏D_1.3-H之间的关系均可用Gompertz式拟合。水杉和银杏的胸径D_1.3、H与冠幅CW之间存在一定的线性相关关系,但模型的拟合优度不高。本研究可为区域森林资源调查与监测、森林资源保护与管理等提供基础支撑。     

水杉木束板的制备与性能研究

以水杉木材为原料制备水杉木束板,研究了密度对板材性能的影响,结果表明：除2h吸水厚度膨胀率随板材密度增加而减小外,其余板材的各项性能均随板材密度的增加而增大。只有当板材的密度为0．91g·cm^-3时,除吸水厚度膨胀率以外,其余各项性能均可满足国家刨花板标准对干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。