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浅析入境旅客携带物传带植物有害生物的风险 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为防止危险性有害生物随入境旅客携带物传入我国,提高检疫工作执法把关的能力,参照FAO有害生物风险分析准则及国内建立的一些风险分析体系,对入境旅客携带物传带植物有害生物的风险进行分析.提出了16种风险度高的携带物和10余种(属)传入风险性较高的危险性有害生物,并对通航的国家和地区的风险进行了初步的分析. 相似文献
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海口港入境旅客携带物检疫情况徐南芳叶启贤(海口动植物检疫局)入境旅客携带物的检疫工作,是口岸检疫的组成部分。海南是全国最大的经济特区,是全国旅游业重点地区之一,其进境旅客、入境飞机架次不断增加,1990年增长31%,1991年增长24%,平均增长率为... 相似文献
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对出入境旅客携带物检疫工作的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文结合笔者在空港口岸出入境旅客携带物检验检疫方面的实践经验及与相关口岸旅检人员的交流体会,就目前出入境旅客携带物检疫方面存在的一些问题作了简要的阐述,同时针对相关问题提出了一些建议,以期对更好地做好出入境旅客携带物检疫工作有所启发. 相似文献
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巴克图口岸进境旅客携带物检疫情况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
巴克图口岸距我国西北边陲城市新疆塔城市中心17km,对岸是哈萨克斯坦的巴克特口岸.哈萨克斯坦及周边国家的主要植物疫情有:一类危险性有害生物17种,二类危险性有害生物9种. 相似文献
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应加强旅客携带种苗的检疫谢为龙谭群英(拱北动植物检疫局519020)近几年,全国旅检工作成效显著,旅检工作的重要性通过多次从旅客携带水果及茄科蔬菜中截获地中海实蝇逐渐为人们所认识。一谈到旅检,人们就联想到水果检疫,而旅客携带种苗的检疫仍是个薄弱环节。... 相似文献
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Rational management of plant diseases, both economically and environmentally, involves assessing risks and the costs associated with both correct and incorrect tactical management decisions to determine when control measures are warranted. Decision support systems can help to inform users of plant disease risk and thus assist in accurately targeting events critical for management. However, in many instances adoption of these systems for use in routine disease management has been perceived as slow. The under-utilization of some decision support systems is likely due to both technical and perception constraints that have not been addressed adequately during development and implementation phases. Growers' perceptions of risk and their aversion to these perceived risks can be reasons for the "slow" uptake of decision support systems and, more broadly, integrated pest management (IPM). Decision theory provides some tools that may assist in quantifying and incorporating subjective and/or measured probabilities of disease occurrence or crop loss into decision support systems. Incorporation of subjective probabilities into IPM recommendations may be one means to reduce grower uncertainty and improve trust of these systems because management recommendations could be explicitly informed by growers' perceptions of risk and economic utility. Ultimately though, we suggest that an appropriate measure of the value and impact of decision support systems is grower education that enables more skillful and informed management decisions independent of consultation of the support tool outputs. 相似文献
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Hughes G 《Phytopathology》1999,89(11):1080-1083
ABSTRACT Data obtained by sampling are crucial for decision making in crop loss assessment and pest management. Such data improve farmers' perceptions of the threat of pests and can, therefore, improve the quality of decision making in the practice of crop protection. The concept of a threshold, representing the dividing line between two alternative courses of action relating to seed or crop health, is an important aspect of crop protection decision making. Sampling is the means by which the required judgment can be guided. Operating characteristic curves are an important tool in the evaluation and comparison of the performance of sampling schemes. Precision integrated pest management, in which the objective is spatially variable pest management within fields, poses new problems for decision makers and statisticians developing sampling methodology in the context of crop protection. 相似文献
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为探索建立统一的城市绿地有害生物风险评价尺度,引入有害生物风险分析(PRA)理论.基于国际PRA规定程序,结合城市绿地生态系统特点及模糊数学理论,利用德尔菲法及层次分析法,探讨城市绿地有害生物风险分析体系工作程序、评价指标和评价值的计算方法.利用此方法评价了上海城市绿地中新发现的16种害虫和7种病害的风险性.结果表明:咖啡豹蠹蛾等3种害虫、柳杉赤枯等4种病害风险指数在0.6~0.8,风险级别为高;棉褐带卷叶蛾等9种害虫、杨树锈病等3种病害风险指数在0.4~0.6,风险级别为中;木樨瘿螨等4种害虫风险指数在0.2~0.4,风险级别为低.根据不同风险等级,提出相关风险管理策略. 相似文献
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Ian A. Watkinson 《Pest management science》1989,27(4):465-469
Pyrethroid insecticides effect excellent control of a wide range of insect pest species at low cost to the user. In outlets where a broad spectrum of pests occur, alternative compounds are often more expensive and frequently have to be combined to provide an acceptable spectrum of control. The benefits of the pyrethroids have led to their extensive and often exclusive use in many of these outlets around the world. However, such dependency on a single class of chemistry brings with it the attendant threat of resistance. Pyrethroid resistance has now been documented in many species of insect around the world and for several of these, changing to other insecticides has meant large increases in the cost of control programs. Analysis of the US insecticide market has shown that in 1987 the average insecticide cost to a mid-south cotton grower was $32 acre?1 (1 acre = 0-405 ha). A hypothetical case was examined where resistance to the pyrethroids occurred in one key pest, Heliothis virescens, the tobacco budworm. The level of resistance was defined such that 50 % of the normally pyrethroid-treated area was now treated with the most cost-effective alternative. Under these conditions, a mid-south grower would see the cost of insect control nearly double to $61-50 acre. Extrapolating such increases to the whole US cotton crop or to global cotton production would lead to increased insecticide costs of $230 × 106 and $1-4 × 109 per year, respectively. Making similar assumptions for all crops, the increased global costs of only a moderate amount of pyrethroid resistance could be as high as $2-4 × W9 annually. There is, thus, a very real need to maintain the pyrethroids as effective insect-control agents for as long as possible. 相似文献
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根据引种风险划分检疫监测等级,按等级进行国外引种检疫审批,是提高引种检疫工作效率、缓解与商业引种矛盾的好措施。但要做好这一工作,必须创造条件,建立PRA管理系统。 相似文献