昆明机场口岸入境旅客携带物传带有害生物情况分析

危险性有害生物可随旅客携带进行远距离的传播。本文以携带物群体、有害生物为风险分析对象，通过统计近年昆明机场口岸截获的入境旅客携带物及其传带的有害生物情况，对携带物传带危险性有害生物的风险进行初步的分析和探索。主要分析了携带物的风险层次、不同来源地的风险并筛选出危险性及风险度较高的10种（属）危险性有害生物，并结合实际提出做好入境旅客携带物检疫工作的建议。     

浅析入境旅客携带物传带植物有害生物的风险

为防止危险性有害生物随入境旅客携带物传入我国,提高检疫工作执法把关的能力,参照FAO有害生物风险分析准则及国内建立的一些风险分析体系,对入境旅客携带物传带植物有害生物的风险进行分析.提出了16种风险度高的携带物和10余种(属)传入风险性较高的危险性有害生物,并对通航的国家和地区的风险进行了初步的分析.     

广东口岸进境旅客携带物截获植物检疫性有害生物疫情分析

本文对2011~2015年广东口岸(不含深圳、珠海)进境旅客携带物截获的植物检疫性有害生物进行统计,重点分析旅检口岸截获检疫性有害生物的种类、来源及寄主情况,比较不同来源和不同类型的携带物传带检疫性有害生物及其通过不同类型旅检口岸传入的风险高低,探寻提高疫情检出率的重点与方向,以期为旅检口岸进一步做好植物疫情防控提供借鉴和参考。     

海口港入境旅客携带物检疫情况

海口港入境旅客携带物检疫情况徐南芳叶启贤（海口动植物检疫局）入境旅客携带物的检疫工作，是口岸检疫的组成部分。海南是全国最大的经济特区，是全国旅游业重点地区之一，其进境旅客、入境飞机架次不断增加，１９９０年增长３１％，１９９１年增长２４％，平均增长率为...     

福州空港口岸入境旅客携带物检疫

入境旅客携带物检疫集法制性、技术性、涉外性于一身,是检验检疫工作的重要组成部分.本文通过对福州机场2005年入境旅客携带物检疫情况的分析,提出应明确重点航班、重点对象,有针对性地开展检疫工作,以提高疫情检出率和最大限度减少漏检现象的发生.     

对出入境旅客携带物检疫工作的探讨

本文结合笔者在空港口岸出入境旅客携带物检验检疫方面的实践经验及与相关口岸旅检人员的交流体会,就目前出入境旅客携带物检疫方面存在的一些问题作了简要的阐述,同时针对相关问题提出了一些建议,以期对更好地做好出入境旅客携带物检疫工作有所启发.     

汕头空港口岸旅检截获植物及其产品和有害生物情况分析

本文通过统计分析汕头空港口岸旅检现场2008年1月～2010年12月截获进境植物及其产品和检出有害生物的情况,探讨口岸旅客携带物的特点和检疫查验存在的问题,提出有效开展旅客携带物检疫查验工作的对策和建议。     

巴克图口岸进境旅客携带物检疫情况

巴克图口岸距我国西北边陲城市新疆塔城市中心17km,对岸是哈萨克斯坦的巴克特口岸.哈萨克斯坦及周边国家的主要植物疫情有:一类危险性有害生物17种,二类危险性有害生物9种.     

应加强旅客携带种苗的检疫

应加强旅客携带种苗的检疫谢为龙谭群英（拱北动植物检疫局５１９０２０）近几年,全国旅检工作成效显著,旅检工作的重要性通过多次从旅客携带水果及茄科蔬菜中截获地中海实蝇逐渐为人们所认识。一谈到旅检,人们就联想到水果检疫,而旅客携带种苗的检疫仍是个薄弱环节。...     

有害生物随水果类产品传入的风险评估方法

本文研究了澳大利亚进口新西兰苹果风险分析报告,阐述其分析有害生物进入的过程及计算方法的数学模型。文中分别就有害生物随产品到达口岸的可能性、病害类有害生物随产品被消费者丢弃可能性、病害类有害生物接触寄主可能性及发生可能性,进行了详细的分析并列出计算方法,为风险分析工作提供技术帮助。     

外来生物风险分析指标体系的建立

本文依据有害生物风险分析国际标准,利用层次分析法,提出了基于传播途径的外来有害生物的风险分析的分级标准和评价方法。     

Perceptions of risk, risk aversion, and barriers to adoption of decision support systems and integrated pest management: an introduction

Rational management of plant diseases, both economically and environmentally, involves assessing risks and the costs associated with both correct and incorrect tactical management decisions to determine when control measures are warranted. Decision support systems can help to inform users of plant disease risk and thus assist in accurately targeting events critical for management. However, in many instances adoption of these systems for use in routine disease management has been perceived as slow. The under-utilization of some decision support systems is likely due to both technical and perception constraints that have not been addressed adequately during development and implementation phases. Growers' perceptions of risk and their aversion to these perceived risks can be reasons for the "slow" uptake of decision support systems and, more broadly, integrated pest management (IPM). Decision theory provides some tools that may assist in quantifying and incorporating subjective and/or measured probabilities of disease occurrence or crop loss into decision support systems. Incorporation of subjective probabilities into IPM recommendations may be one means to reduce grower uncertainty and improve trust of these systems because management recommendations could be explicitly informed by growers' perceptions of risk and economic utility. Ultimately though, we suggest that an appropriate measure of the value and impact of decision support systems is grower education that enables more skillful and informed management decisions independent of consultation of the support tool outputs.     

11种有害生物风险评估方法中风险因子的比较

本文依据国际植物检疫措施标准中有害生物风险评估需要考虑的因子为标准,分析比较了国内外11种有害生物风险评估方法中涉及风险因子的数量,得出各方法中风险因子的重视度及各风险因子的重要性,为今后的风险评估方法提供参考。     

Sampling for decision making in crop loss assessment and pest management: introduction

ABSTRACT Data obtained by sampling are crucial for decision making in crop loss assessment and pest management. Such data improve farmers' perceptions of the threat of pests and can, therefore, improve the quality of decision making in the practice of crop protection. The concept of a threshold, representing the dividing line between two alternative courses of action relating to seed or crop health, is an important aspect of crop protection decision making. Sampling is the means by which the required judgment can be guided. Operating characteristic curves are an important tool in the evaluation and comparison of the performance of sampling schemes. Precision integrated pest management, in which the objective is spatially variable pest management within fields, poses new problems for decision makers and statisticians developing sampling methodology in the context of crop protection.     

基于多指标综合评价法的外来入侵生物风险分析网络平台

本文介绍了基于多指标综合评价法进行外来入侵生物风险分析的计算机网络平台。笔者集成多个风险分析模型,支持在线的风险分析模型构建、应用、案例浏览等功能。平台通用性强,交互性好,操作简便,广大植物检疫工作者可共享便捷的生物风险分析及预警知识交流,也为政府及有关部门宏观决策提供辅助支持。     

城市绿地有害生物风险分析体系构建及应用

为探索建立统一的城市绿地有害生物风险评价尺度,引入有害生物风险分析(PRA)理论.基于国际PRA规定程序,结合城市绿地生态系统特点及模糊数学理论,利用德尔菲法及层次分析法,探讨城市绿地有害生物风险分析体系工作程序、评价指标和评价值的计算方法.利用此方法评价了上海城市绿地中新发现的16种害虫和7种病害的风险性.结果表明:咖啡豹蠹蛾等3种害虫、柳杉赤枯等4种病害风险指数在0.6～0.8,风险级别为高;棉褐带卷叶蛾等9种害虫、杨树锈病等3种病害风险指数在0.4～0.6,风险级别为中;木樨瘿螨等4种害虫风险指数在0.2～0.4,风险级别为低.根据不同风险等级,提出相关风险管理策略.     

Pyrethroids and the economics of pest management

Pyrethroid insecticides effect excellent control of a wide range of insect pest species at low cost to the user. In outlets where a broad spectrum of pests occur, alternative compounds are often more expensive and frequently have to be combined to provide an acceptable spectrum of control. The benefits of the pyrethroids have led to their extensive and often exclusive use in many of these outlets around the world. However, such dependency on a single class of chemistry brings with it the attendant threat of resistance. Pyrethroid resistance has now been documented in many species of insect around the world and for several of these, changing to other insecticides has meant large increases in the cost of control programs. Analysis of the US insecticide market has shown that in 1987 the average insecticide cost to a mid-south cotton grower was $32 acre^?1 (1 acre = 0-405 ha). A hypothetical case was examined where resistance to the pyrethroids occurred in one key pest, Heliothis virescens, the tobacco budworm. The level of resistance was defined such that 50 % of the normally pyrethroid-treated area was now treated with the most cost-effective alternative. Under these conditions, a mid-south grower would see the cost of insect control nearly double to $61-50 acre. Extrapolating such increases to the whole US cotton crop or to global cotton production would lead to increased insecticide costs of $230 × 10⁶ and $1-4 × 10⁹ per year, respectively. Making similar assumptions for all crops, the increased global costs of only a moderate amount of pyrethroid resistance could be as high as $2-4 × W⁹ annually. There is, thus, a very real need to maintain the pyrethroids as effective insect-control agents for as long as possible.     

加强PRA工作 促进国外引种检疫审批管理适应新形势

根据引种风险划分检疫监测等级,按等级进行国外引种检疫审批,是提高引种检疫工作效率、缓解与商业引种矛盾的好措施。但要做好这一工作,必须创造条件,建立PRA管理系统。     

主要贸易国家有害生物风险分析研究方法比较

本文采用系统分析和比较分析法对中国主要贸易国家中开展有害生物风险分析工作较先进的国家，如美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰及其它一些国家和地区，如EPPO、安第斯共同体、日本等的有害生物风险分析方法进行了分析。对美加模式、澳新模式以及打分法、矩阵法、途径分析法进行了阐述和比较。