能力验证中粮油真菌毒素检测技术研究进展

完善的实验室能力验证体系是确保真菌毒素检测机构出具准确检测结果的重要前提。本文重点阐述了国内外真菌毒素实验室能力验证的现状,详细介绍了在真菌毒素能力验证中使用的检测技术研究进展。以Z比分数法评价由比利时联邦药物和农业化学研究中心(CODA-CERVA)组织的粮油多种真菌毒素含量测定的国际比对结果,分析粮油样品中多种真菌毒素的测定情况。     

粮油产品真菌毒素抗体制备研究进展

本文简要综述了粮油真菌毒素抗体制备的发展情况,包括真菌毒素免疫原的制备、抗体的制备以及真菌毒素常用免疫学检测方法,同时介绍了我国真菌毒素抗体研究过程中面临的问题,并对未来真菌毒素抗体技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

液相芯片技术在花生品种纯度鉴定中的应用

本研究采用花生10K液相芯片结合Illumina测序平台进行高通量测序,检测100份花生样本,获得目标区域内总计1万个SNP.与表型鉴定结果完全一致.使用R、PLINK、MEGA-X等软件处理SNP数据,主成分分析、降维分析和聚类分析结果均表明,花生品种"东北王"的纯度为98.9％,本研究结果表明液相芯片技术在品种纯度...     

纳米抗体特性及其在农产品真菌毒素检测中的应用

纳米抗体是由骆驼科动物产生的一类天然缺失轻链的重链抗体可变区.相比较于传统单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,其具有体积小、热稳定性强、耐有机溶剂、折叠性可逆、易于表达、高亲和力、可特异性识别独特表位等天然优势.因此,纳米抗体在生物和农业等研究领域备受关注.本文综述了纳米抗体的结构、生化特性以及在农产品真菌毒素检测中的研究进展,并...     

污染粮油食品的主要真菌毒素及胶体金免疫层析技术在快速检测中的应用

污染粮油食品的真菌毒素主要有黄曲霉毒素、T-2毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和伏马菌素B1。胶体金免疫层析技术是20世纪90年代初建立的一种简易、快速的免疫学检测技术,现已广泛应用于残留检测、生物医学等许多领域。本文介绍了污染粮油食品的主要真菌毒素及胶体金免疫层析技术在粮油食品真菌毒素快速检测中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

农产品质量安全是国家乡村振兴战略的重点和难点。氨基甲酸酯类农药残留严重威胁粮油产品质量安全与人民生命健康。目前,常用的氨基甲酸酯类农残检测方法主要是仪器检测法,无法满足现场对粮油农残混合污染进行现场高灵敏同步快速检测的需求。本研究在前期自主选育的克百威和甲萘威单克隆抗体基础上,研究并制备出农残混合污染同步快速检测阵列芯片,建立了一种现场高灵敏同步快速检测技术,实现了在30 min内同步定量克百威和甲萘威。经过优化,克百威和甲萘威的检测限分别为0.11、0.09 ng/g,线性范围为0.33～3000 ng/g、0.18～1500 ng/g。在花生样品检测中,克百威和甲萘威的加标回收率分别为88.4%～98.3%和90.1%～118.8%;批内差(RSD)分别为9.0%和3.5%;批间差(RSD)分别为12.3%和16.3%。该阵列芯片检测结果与液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)检测结果高度一致。该阵列芯片满足了对农产品中克百威和甲萘威进行现场高灵敏同步快速检测的需求,并可广泛应用于农产品质量安全、食品安全以及环境监测等领域。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.     

反相高效液相色谱法检测香草兰豆酊、浸膏中香兰素

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定香草兰豆酊、浸膏中香兰素含量,色谱柱为C_(18)柱,甲醇/0.5%冰乙酸水溶液(20/80.v/v)为流动相,等浓度洗脱,测定波长为280 nm,外标法定量.该方法相对标准偏差分别为0.28%和0.24%.加标回收率为97.89%～100.71%.本方法具有操作简便,结果准确等优点,特别适用于香草兰豆酊、浸膏等精深加工产品中香兰素含量的检测分析.     

TP-M13-SSR技术及其在玉米遗传多样性研究中的应用

遗传多样性分析是种质资源研究的重要组成部分。由于研究群体通常都较大,简便可靠的高通量分析技术显得尤为重要。本文概述了在SSR扩增产物检测过程中的一种基于荧光测序技术的高通量低成本分析技术体系TP-M13-SSR(simple sequence repeat with tailed primer M13)的发展历程、反应原理和应用,并比较了它与普通银染、琼脂糖检测以及常规荧光检测体系在SSR扩增产物检测上的优劣,讨论了该技术在植物遗传多样性研究中的应用潜力。     

液相色谱法对茶叶中农药残留量的检测方法研究

茶叶逐渐成为人们日常的绿色健康饮品,其卫生、安全都与人们的身体健康有直接的联系。本文综述了茶叶中农药残留的具体分类的研究结果,重点分析了液相色谱法在茶叶中有机氯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类以及拟除虫菊酯类等农药的检测研究,通过分析检测条件(色谱、分析)的优化方法提出"指纹识别"图谱的建立,这对茶叶中农药残留量的检测方法的改进具有一定的指导意义。     

Reducing the incidence of cereal head infection and mycotoxins in small grain cereal species

Reducing the level of infection of cereal heads caused by Fusarium and associated mycotoxin accumulation in grains is of a high priority in order to secure the yield, agronomic performance, and food and feed safety from field to table. Strategies to tackle the problem have been proposed at many levels, including greater knowledge of the biology of toxigenic fungi and of plant–pathogen interactions, monitoring activities which extend from the field to the end-products, pre-breeding, breeding and transgenesis to develop new resistant plant varieties, crop protection based on synthetic or natural molecules, biocontrol of fungal populations, the development and use of models that take into account the climatic conditions, and the adoption of technological protocols for reducing or inactivating mycotoxins. This review article highlights that the problem is very complex but that the scientific community continues to produce important knowledge and potential solutions.     

Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems

Low-input and organic farming systems have notable differences in nitrogen (N) sources, cycling and management strategies compared to conventional systems with high inputs of synthetic N fertilizer. In low-input and organic systems, there is greater reliance on complex rotations including annual and perennial crops, organic N sources, and internal N cycling that more closely mimic natural systems. These differences in farming system practices fundamentally affect N availability and N use efficiency (NUE) and could impact crop traits and breeding strategies required to optimize NUE. We assess genetic and environmental factors that could assist breeders in improving crop performance in low-input and organic farming systems by examining NUE in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Crop plants have often been bred for high N productivity, while plants adapted to low N ecosystems often have lower productivity and higher levels of internal N conservation. Breeders can potentially combine N productivity and N conservation through the use of elite and wild germplasm. Beneficial genetic traits include the ability to maintain photosynthesis and N uptake under N stress and the ability to extract soil N at low concentrations, perhaps through beneficial associations with soil microorganisms. In addition, breeding for specific adaptation to climactic and management practices so that crop uptake patterns match N availability patterns, while minimizing pathways of N loss, will be critical to improving NUE.     

超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱法分析植物油料及油脂中鞘脂组成

鞘脂及其代谢产物具有较强的生物活性,参与了细胞增殖、分化、免疫、凋亡及衰老等重要的生理活动,对人体的健康具有十分重要的影响.本研究采用超高效液相色谱串联高分辨质谱法并结合LipidSearch数据库软件测定和分析了菜籽油、大豆油和花生油三种常见植物油和对应的油料作物的鞘脂组成特性,采用一级质谱母离子相对分子质量以及二级...     

AFLP分子标记及其在禾本科作物遗传改良中的应用

AFLP是一种最新发展起来的DNA分子标记技术，它将RFLP和PCR相结合，能更好地检测DNA的多态性，被认为是迄今为止最有效的分子标记技术。禾本科作物与人类的生存和生活密切相关，对其在DNA水平上的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文就AFLP的基本原理、基本反应程序作一简要介绍，并着重论述AFLP在禾本科作物遗传改良中的应用。     

基因组DNA快速提取及在转基因大豆检测中的应用

基因组DNA的提取是DNA分子水平研究和检测的重要环节.为补充完善现场检测方法,根据硅膜吸附DNA的特性,结合过滤膜和注射器,开发一种现场快速提取植物基因组DNA的方法.选取大豆、棉花、油菜、玉米、水稻5种主要作物的叶片和种子为样品提取DNA,利用PCR和普通重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymeras...     

甘蓝型油菜胚胎离体培养体系的建立及其在油脂合成积累研究中的应用

为便于体外研究甘蓝型油菜的胚胎发育和种子油脂积累规律,以春油菜862的胚胎为材料,构建胚胎离体培养体系,通过综合比对基础培养基类型、蔗糖浓度、琼脂浓度,确定含蔗糖8％和琼脂0.6％的B5培养基作为胚胎离体培养和胚胎胚性生长的最佳体外培养体系,并用于研究种子油脂的积累和变化.在体系中分别加入甘蓝型油菜的角果皮和叶片提取物...     

Optimization of ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFPEDA 1238 in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of delignified sugarcane bagasse

Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFPEDA1238 was performed in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of delignified sugarcane bagasse. Temperature (32 °C, 37 °C), agitation (80; 100 rpm), enzymatic load (20 FPU/g cellulose and 10%, v/v β-glucosidase or 10 FPU/g cellulose and 5% β-glucosidase) and composition of culture medium were evaluated. Ethanol concentration, enzymatic convertibility of cellulose and volumetric productivity were higher than 25 g/L, 72% and 0.70 g/L h, respectively, after 30 h, when the culture medium 1 and 20 FPU/g cellulose/10%, v/v β-glucosidase or the culture medium 2 and 10 FPU/g cellulose/5% β-glucosidase were used in SSF at 37 °C and 80 rpm. In the SSF with culture medium 2 (supplemented with ammonium, phosphate, potassium and magnesium), 150 L ethanol/t bagasse was achieved, with minimum enzyme loading (10 FPU/g cellulose and 5%, v/v β-glucosidase) for 8%, w/v of solids, which is often an important requirement to provide cost-efficient second generation ethanol processes.     

大豆悬浮细胞培养及作为外源基因转化受体的研究

以吉林小粒7号大豆品种为材料,切取无菌幼苗下胚轴诱导愈伤组织,初步建立了大豆悬浮细胞系,测定不同硼酸浓度下悬浮细胞生长变化;采用农杆菌介导法对大豆悬浮细胞进行外源GUS基因的转化,先通过不同程度的超声处理确定最佳超声时长,然后在最佳超声处理时长的基础上,探讨了硼酸浓度对转化效率的影响;最后采用PCR和Southern blot杂交对抗性愈伤做分子鉴定。结果表明:大豆悬浮细胞正常生长硼酸浓度在2.0~10 mg·L-1,过高或过低均会抑制大豆细胞正常的生长,高于100 mg·L-1时抑制作用最显著。但在转化过程中,适当增加硼酸浓度(10~30 mg·L-1)则能够提高悬浮细胞的转化效率,并且有助于转化组织的筛选,借以3 min超声的辅助作用,30 mg·L-1硼酸浓度下转化效率达到1 mg转化细胞团中含28个转化体。