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重点对日本鲐鱼片和鱼糜分别用扩展青霉PF868产生的碱性脂肪酶酶解法与漂洗压榨的理化法脱脂工艺效果进行比较,研究结果表明,对鲐鱼片,理化法(残脂率11.01%,按干基计,下同)优于酶解法(残脂率19.48%),而对鱼糜,酶解法(残脂率3.49%)大大优于理化法(残脂率7.52%),筛选出的脂肪酶的适宜酶解条件为pH8.7-9.2,温度32℃,酶液活度40U.mL^-1, 酶液与底物比为5:1,脱脂时间50min,鲐鱼糜在上述酶解条件下,残脂率可达4%以下,而采用理化法脱脂,残脂率只能达到8%左右,无论酶法还是理化法,均难使鲐鱼片残脂率达到10%以下。 相似文献
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罗非鱼鱼皮提取明胶的酶法脱脂工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用脂肪酶对罗非鱼鱼皮进行酶法脱脂工艺研究。通过单因素与正交试验确定最适的酶法脱脂工艺为:pH值9,脱脂时间3h,酶添加量2%,料液比1:4,温度40℃,该工艺的脱脂率可达67.5%。通过超声波辅助脱脂研究表明其脱脂率并无明显的提高。 相似文献
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酶法制备脱脂鱼蛋白的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用5种酶对脱脂鲢肉进行水解制备水解鲢蛋白。脱脂鲢肉是分别采用异丙醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂萃取法进行脱脂后得到。分别用木瓜蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶、枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶对3种脱脂鲢肉及未脱脂鲢肉进行水解。试验结果表明,乙酸乙酯对鲢肉脱脂率最高,脱脂率为96.33%。复合蛋白酶为最适酶,乙酸乙酯脱脂鱼肉为最佳底物;在最佳水僻条件下:pH6.5,温度55℃,酶量3500U/g蛋白质,底物浓度(乙酸乙酯脱脂鲢肉:水)1:5,其水解度达到最大,为44.00%。 相似文献
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酶解罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为探讨罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的酶解工艺,研究选用Neutrase中性蛋白酶、Alcalase碱性内切蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶分别对罗非鱼鱼皮胶进行酶解,对其酶解液的水解度进行比较。结果表明复合蛋白酶的酶解效果最好。对复合蛋白酶的酶解工艺进行单因素优化,确定其最佳酶解工艺为:温度50℃、pH值7.0、料液比1∶5、酶量为底物量的1.5%。在此条件下水解6h时,水解度为60%,酶解产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制率最高,达到78.96%。 相似文献
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目的 研究复合生物制剂降解饲料中霉菌毒素的效果,寻求一种安全、绿色、高效的生物降解霉菌毒素的方法。方法 将嗜热链球菌、戊糖片球菌和布氏乳杆菌混合发酵产物、酵母细胞壁提取物、杜仲叶提取物复配制成生物制剂,对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤酶烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)进行体外降解试验,并探究降解饲用玉米中霉菌毒素的复合生物制剂适宜配比。结果 实验结果表明复合生物制剂与各组分单独使用相比,其对AFB1、ZEN和DON的降解率有显著提高(P<0.05),降解率均达到90%以上;复合生物剂添加量为1%时,对饲用玉米中3种霉菌毒素的降解率最高,均超过90%。结论 复合生物制剂对黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤酶烯酮毒素和呕吐毒素具有显著的降解作用,其适宜添加量为1%。 相似文献
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采用壳聚糖为载体,优化了海洋微生物YS2071脂肪酶的壳聚糖固定化条件。结果显示,在壳聚糖浓度为2% (m/v)、氢氧化钠浓度为12% (m/v)、乙酸浓度为1% (v/v)、戊二醛浓度为0.25% (v/v)、与戊二醛交联的时间为12 h及添加2 ml (1120 U)的游离脂肪酶时,固定化脂肪酶的活力最高,其活力回收率达到69.4%。对游离脂肪酶与固定化脂肪酶的酶学性质进行比较,结果显示,游离脂肪酶的最适反应温度为40℃,而固定化脂肪酶的最适反应温度为45℃,固定化脂肪酶的温度稳定性明显优于游离脂肪酶。最适反应pH均为8.0,脂肪酶经过固定化之后,酸碱耐受性增大。重复利用10次的固定化脂肪酶的酶活力保留率仍高于65%。固定化脂肪酶贮藏半衰期为96 d,而游离脂肪酶的贮藏半衰期是33 d。固定化脂肪酶与游离脂肪酶的酶活力保留率在不同有机试剂中表现出不同的稳定性。 相似文献
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内源酶辅助提取虾壳虾青素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章探讨了内源酶对虾青素提取效果的影响,并以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定样品中虾青素的质量浓度,研究了pH、温度和酶解时间这3个因素对虾青素提取效果的影响,采用正交试验进行优化,以虾壳虾青素的萃取率作为评价提取效果的指标。结果表明,当酶解最佳工艺条件为pH 4.0,温度50℃,酶解时间1.5 h时,虾青素的萃取率最高,可达32.16μg.g-1湿虾壳,比直接超声提取提高28%。通过空白试验可知,外加脂肪酶对虾青素提取无促进作用,仅利用内源酶即可达到较好的提取效果,且经济节约。 相似文献
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《南方水产》1999,(2)
990191 真鲷(Pagrus major)肝胰脏中激活脂肪酶的胆盐的提纯和特征=Purificationand characterzation of bile sahactivated li-pase from the hepatopancreas of red bream,Pagrus major[刊,英]/Iijima N,Tanaka,Ota Y∥Fish Physiol.Biochem..—1998,18(1).—59~69从真鲷肝胰脏脱脂粉中提取脂肪酶并提纯。酶制备物表明,纯酶的最适 pH 为7.0~9.0,应用的底物为对硝基苯肉豆蔻酸盐或甘油三油酸酯。该酶需要牛磺胆酸钠或胆汁酸 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection
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G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load
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Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献