The double quasar 0957+561: a radio study at 6-centimeters wavelength

The optical double quasar 0957+561 has been interpreted as the gravitational double image of a single object. A radio map made with the Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory shows unresolved sources coincident With the optical images as well as a complex of related extended emission. Although the results cannot rule out the gravitational lens hypothesis, the complex radio structure is more easily interpreted as two separate quasars. The optical and radio properties of the two quasars are so similar that the two must have been formed at the same time with similar initial conditions.     

The double quasar 0957+561: examination of the gravitational lens hypothesis using the very large array

A full 12-hour synthesis at 6-centimeter wavelength with the Very Large Array confirms the major features previously reported for the double quasar 0957+561. In addition, the existence of radio jets apparently associated with both quasars is demonstrated. Gravitational lens models are now favored on the basis of recent optical observations, and the radio jets place severe constraints on such models. Further radio observations of the double quasar are needed to establish the expected relative time delay in variations between the images.     

Nuclear processing and isotopes in the galaxy

The galactic distributions of the stable isotopic species of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and silicon have been derived from the study of interstellar molecules which contain them. The resulting observational framework appears consistent with our general understanding of stellar evolution and nuclear processing in the galaxy. The greater amount of star formation that has taken place near the center of our galaxy is reflected in an enhanced abundance of processed material, notably carbon-13, in this region. Significant differences between abundances of isotopes in the solar system and corresponding values in interstellar space are also evident. Although some of these differences merely reflect the results of additional stellar processing since the condensation of the presolar nebula some 5 billion years ago, others suggest that a significant amount of atypical nuclear material is associated with the solar system.     

A cosmic double helix in the archetypical quasar 3C273

Finding direct evidence for plasma instability in extragalactic jets is crucial for understanding the nature of relativistic outflows from active galactic nuclei. Our radio interferometric observations of the quasar 3C273 made with the orbiting radio telescope, HALCA, and an array of ground telescopes have yielded an image in which the emission across the jet is resolved, revealing two threadlike patterns that form a double helix inside the jet. This double helical structure is consistent with a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and at least five different instability modes can be identified and modeled by a light jet with a Lorentz factor of 2 and Mach number of 3.5. The model reproduces in detail the internal structure of the jet on scales of up to 30 milli-arc seconds ( approximately 300 parsecs) and is consistent with the general morphology of the jet on scales of up to 1 kiloparsec.     

Radioisotopes and the history of nucleosynthesis in the galaxy

Nearly all of the heavier elements seem to have been assembled by successive neutron captures occurring in two distinct processes: the s (slow) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is slow compared to the intervening beta-decay; the r (rapid) process refers to neutron capture at a rate which is rapid compared to the beta process. It is becoming increasingly apparent that simple models for galactic r-process nucleosynthesis are inadequate. Modern astronomical observations, which indicate that the bulk of r-process synthesis may have occurred early in the life of the galaxy, cannot be ignored. Recent data on the fissiogenic xenon in whitlockite from the St. Severin meteorite also place stringent conditions on permissible models for element synthesis. It appears that neither sudden nor continuous models for element formation are consistent with isotopic data now available. I propose a more complex model for the synthesis of solar system material in which the r-process is allowed to occur in three distinct modes: a "prompt" synthesis early in the history of the galaxy, a "continuous" synthesis whereby r-process products are continuously added to the galactic mix, and a "last-minute" synthesis which enriches the solar nebula with r-process material shortly before the formation of the solar system. Calculations based on the present abundances of uranium-235, uranium-238, and thorium-232 and the measured abundances of iodine-129 and plutonium-244 present when meteorites began to retain xenon indicate that the galactic age is between 8.0 and 8.8 billion years, with the initial "prompt" synthesis accounting for 81 to 89 percent of the total r-process material ever produced, the "last-minute" synthesis contributing between 11 and 13 percent, and 0 to 8 percent occurring in the continuous mode. The time interval between the isolation of the solar nebula from galactic r-process and the onset of xenon retention in meteorites lies between 176 and 179 million years.     

Flashing superluminal components in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120

A 16-month sequence of radio images of the active galaxy 3C120 with the Very Long Baseline Array reveals a region in the relativistic jet where superluminal components flash on and off over time scales of months, while the polarization angle rotates. This can be explained by interaction between the jet and an interstellar cloud located about 8 parsecs from the center of the galaxy. The cloud, which rotates the polarization direction and possibly eclipses a section of the jet, represents a "missing link" between the ultradense broad-emission-line clouds closer to the center and the lower density narrow-emission-line clouds seen on kiloparsec scales.     

Discovery of new variable radio sources in the nucleus of the nearby galaxy messier 82

Widespread variability has been discovered in a large population of radio sources close to the nucleus of an active galaxy. The galaxy, Messier 82 (M82), and others similar to it show evidence for enhanced nuclear activity and unusually strong far-infrared emission. The observational data, obtained with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array in New Mexico over the past 3 years, provide the first direct "look" at a starburst-the phenomenon of sudden, rapid star formation which occurs near the nucleus of a small fraction of galaxies. Nearly all the brightest of about 40 radio sources in M82' s nucleus decreased in intensity over 2.7 years up to October 1983. One source, which in February 1981 was ten times as bright as our Galaxy's most luminous supernova remnant, turned off within only a few months. Most of the other ten strongest sources are declining so rapidly that they will fade into the background within 30 years. Thus, new supernovae are expected to appear in M82' s nucleus every few years. The discovery has revealed the "engine room" of the mysterious activity in M82 and, by implication, similar active galaxies which have disturbed nuclei and which are unusually luminous in the far infrared. An estimate of the rate of energy input by the radio-visible supernovae closely matches the far-infrared luminosities which were recently measured for M82 and other similar galaxies.     

黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸研究

为支撑《全国海洋捕捞渔具目录》的实施与管理,针对黄海双船有翼单囊拖网的网目选择性,于2017年8月在黄海南部的海州湾水域进行了不同网囊网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)的套网法拖网试验,通过分析不同网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)下主要渔获的逃逸率与幼鱼的释放效果,并结合数学建模方法对生态效益和经济效益进行了权衡研究。结果表明:随着网囊网目尺寸的增大,渔获逃逸率逐渐增加,对幼鱼的释放效果显著,从生态保护方面考虑,根据目前的资源状况,网囊网目尺寸可放大至80 mm以上;当网囊网目尺寸小于56 mm时,释放效果显著,当网目尺寸大于56 mm时,经济效益损失显著。研究表明,为了权衡生态效益和经济效益,建议将56 mm作为制定黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸的参考标准。     

黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸研究

为支撑《全国海洋捕捞渔具目录》的实施与管理,针对黄海双船有翼单囊拖网的网目选择性,于2017年8月在黄海南部的海州湾水域进行了不同网囊网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)的套网法拖网试验,通过分析不同网目尺寸(40、54、60、70、90 mm)下主要渔获的逃逸率与幼鱼的释放效果,并结合数学建模方法对生态效益和经济效益进行了权衡研究。结果表明:随着网囊网目尺寸的增大,渔获逃逸率逐渐增加,对幼鱼的释放效果显著,从生态保护方面考虑,根据目前的资源状况,网囊网目尺寸可放大至80 mm以上;当网囊网目尺寸小于56 mm时,释放效果显著,当网目尺寸大于56 mm时,经济效益损失显著。研究表明,为了权衡生态效益和经济效益,建议将56 mm作为制定黄海双船有翼单囊拖网网囊最小网目尺寸的参考标准。     

Particle accelerators in the hot spots of radio galaxy 3C 445, imaged with the VLT

Hot spots (HSs) are regions of enhanced radio emission produced by supersonic jets at the tip of the radio lobes of powerful radio sources. Obtained with the Very Large Telescope (VLT), images of the HSs in the radio galaxy 3C 445 show bright knots embedded in diffuse optical emission distributed along the post-shock region created by the impact of the jet into the intergalactic medium. The observations reported here confirm that relativistic electrons are accelerated by Fermi-I acceleration processes in HSs. Furthermore, both the diffuse emission tracing the rims of the front shock and the multiple knots demonstrate the presence of additional continuous re-acceleration processes of electrons (Fermi-II).     

Orbital motion in the radio galaxy 3C 66B: evidence for a supermassive black hole binary

Supermassive black hole binaries may exist in the centers of active galactic nuclei such as quasars and radio galaxies, and mergers between galaxies may result in the formation of supermassive binaries during the course of galactic evolution. Using the very-long-baseline interferometer, we imaged the radio galaxy 3C 66B at radio frequencies and found that the unresolved radio core of 3C 66B shows well-defined elliptical motions with a period of 1.05 +/- 0.03 years, which provides a direct detection of a supermassive black hole binary.     

An antagonistic pair of FT homologs mediates the control of flowering time in sugar beet

Cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) are unable to form reproductive shoots during the first year of their life cycle. Flowering only occurs if plants get vernalized, that is, pass through the winter, and are subsequently exposed to an increasing day length (photoperiod) in spring. Here, we show that the regulation of flowering time in beets is controlled by the interplay of two paralogs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene in Arabidopsis that have evolved antagonistic functions. BvFT2 is functionally conserved with FT and essential for flowering. In contrast, BvFT1 represses flowering and its down-regulation is crucial for the vernalization response in beets. These data suggest that the beet has evolved a different strategy relative to Arabidopsis and cereals to regulate vernalization.     

基于投影寻踪的集对分析模型及其在地下水质评价中的应用

文章针对传统评价方法不能很好地解决评价因子与水质等级间复杂的非线性关系,以及主观确定权重等问题,提出基于投影寻踪的改进集对分析模型(RAGAPP-SPA)。利用最佳投影方向作为指标权重,并通过完善Ⅴ级相邻级别联系度为-1的不足,假设存在Ⅵ级的指标值,从而得出联系度,进而对涡北井田地下水质进行了等级评价。结果表明,13个地区评价结果基本与原方法相同,权重符合实际规律。基于投影寻踪的改进型集对分析,能够客观确定权重,改进后的集对分析模型等级划分更细致,对检测数据利用率高,可应用于各种非线性、非正态高维数据评价研究中。     

Breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the F+ o-D2 -> DF + D reaction

The reaction of F with H2 and its isotopomers is the paradigm for an exothermic triatomic abstraction reaction. In a crossed-beam scattering experiment, we determined relative integral and differential cross sections for reaction of the ground F(2P(3/2)) and excited F*(2P(1/2)) spin-orbit states with D2 for collision energies of 0.25 to 1.2 kilocalorie/mole. At the lowest collision energy, F* is approximately 1.6 times more reactive than F, although reaction of F* is forbidden within the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. As the collision energy increases, the BO-allowed reaction rapidly dominates. We found excellent agreement between multistate, quantum reactive scattering calculations and both the measured energy dependence of the F*/F reactivity ratio and the differential cross sections. This agreement confirms the fundamental understanding of the factors controlling electronic nonadiabaticity in abstraction reactions.     

Mode-specific energy disposal in the four-atom reaction OH + D2 --> HOD + D

Experiments, employing crossed molecular beams, with vibrational state resolution have been performed on the simplest four-atom reaction, OH + D2 --> HOD + D. In good agreement with the most recent quantum scattering predictions, mode-specific reaction dynamics is observed, with vibration in the newly formed oxygen-deuterium bond preferentially excited to v = 2. This demonstrates that quantum theoretical calculations, which in the past decade have achieved remarkable accuracy for three-atom reactions involving three dimensions, have progressed to the point where it is now possible to accurately predict energy disposal in four-atom reactions involving six dimensions.     

河北杨体细胞抗盐性突变体Na+、K+积累特性

对河北杨(Populus hopeiensis)体细胞抗盐性突变体(L3)及其野生型(W)在NaCI胁迫下Na+、K+的积累特征进行了比较研究.结果表明,NaCI胁迫下突变体根部和叶部中Na+的积累均明显比野生型少.在各种盐浓度下,突变体叶部与根部Na+含量的比值明显低于野生型.NaCI胁迫导致突变体和野生型根部和叶部中的K+含量均下降,但野生型下降的幅度更大,从而使突变体根部和叶部的Na+/K+均明显低于野生型.     

Observation of Feshbach resonances in the F + H2 --> HF + H reaction

Reaction resonances, or transiently stabilized transition-state structures, have proven highly challenging to capture experimentally. Here, we used the highly sensitive H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method to conduct a crossed molecular beam scattering study of the F + H2 --> HF + H reaction with full quantum-state resolution. Pronounced forward-scattered HF products in the v' = 2 vibrational state were clearly observed at a collision energy of 0.52 kcal/mol; this was attributed to both the ground and the first excited Feshbach resonances trapped in the peculiar HF(v' = 3)-H' vibrationally adiabatic potential, with substantial enhancement by constructive interference between the two resonances.     

苯异苄复配除草剂在水稻抛秧田的应用研究

苯异苄是一各三元复配的新型稻田除草剂。通过在抛秧田的应用研究表明,３３％苯异苄ＷＰ具有高效、广谱、安全等特点,每６６６．７ｍ＾２用４０ｇ对稗草、异型莎草、鸭舌草、节节菜、丁香蓼等稻田的主要危害杂草的防效均在９０％以上,适宜于在生产上推广应用。