我国北方草地资源面临的生态危机及对策

北方草地在人为和自然因素的影响下,环境不断恶化,资源日趋枯竭,已面临生态危机,严重地影响牧区经济的发展和人类的生存环境,改变这种状况,必须把建列入国家计划,调整有关政策,措施,加强领导,搞好综合治理,提高综合效益。     

皖东南草地资源开发与利用

皖东南草地资源丰富，近１０年来草地的开发利用取得了良好的效益。因地制宜的对草地进行改良，可为发展草食畜禽业开辟广阔的前景。     

21世纪我国草地科学研究展望

本文阐述了草地畜牧业在国民经济中的重要地位和作用。指出了我国草地和草地畜牧业发展现状以及存在的问题和草地科学研究所取得的成就。提出了草地资源开发和利用必须依靠科学技术和有效的管理，同时加强草地科学技术的研究和普及推广。针对我省畜牧业发展现状及存在问题，阐述了我省“十五”期间科技攻关牧草育种发展方向。     

内蒙古呼盟额尔古纳右旗草地区划的探讨

经调查，额尔古纳右旗草地分为5个类、14个组、17个草地型、其中以山地草甸草地类和山地草甸草原草地类为主，共占全旗草地面积的55.5%。根据农业生物气候的地域分异规律，并以草地类型为基础。从草地经营和发展方向的一致性出发，尽量照顾行政界限，将全旗草地划分为2个地区、3个地带（附1：150万草地区划略图）。对各地区草地的自然特征，以及各地带草地分布、生产现状、存在问题和发展方向、主要措施等，进行了阐述与全面分析。为该旗合理开发利用草地资源与发展草地畜牧业生产，提供了可靠的科学依据。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区发展草地畜牧业潜力分析与对策

内蒙古大兴安岭林区草地资源较为丰富，发展林区草地畜牧业的潜力较大，但该地区草地资源和利用不均衡，有的草地严重超载，造成草场退化；而有此可利用草地尚未被充分利用，本文着重对充分利用的区域和自然条件优势及丰富的草地资源，发展林区畜牧业，建立绿色畜产品基地的潜力和对策，进行了切实可行的分析。     

江西省启动草地资源监测

<正>草地资源监测是科学合理利用和保护草地资源的一项重要基础性工作,通过对草地资源的监测,了解草地生产力变化、资源数量动态等,可为制定畜牧发展及草地利用规划、核定草地载畜量、保持草地资源永续利用提供科学依据。江西草地资     

内蒙古巴林左旗草地资源面临的问题与对策

本文通过巴林左旗草地资源及其遭到破坏的大量数据和实例，较全面系统地分析了我旗草地的现状，存在的问题，六十年代以来，我旗草地由于保护管理不善，利用不当，资源日趋衰退，草地生产力低，严重阻碍着畜牧业生产的进一步发展，面临的问题令人担忧，作者撰写本文的目的在于引起人们的重视，以便总结经验，吸取教训，探讨对策，加强天然草地的保护，建设与合理利用，提高草地生产力，促进草地畜牧业持续稳定地向前发展。     

开展我国数字草地建设

随着我国数字农业研究与建设的深化，数字草地的研究与建设也迫在眉睫。开展我国数字草地建设不仅是数字农业发展的需要，而且也是草业科技创新之急需。为此，主要从六个方面讨论了我国数字草地建设：(1)建设的必要性；(2)发展数字草地的可能性；(3)建设的指导思想、基本原则和目标；(4)数字草地建设体系结构；(5)数字草地建设的内容；(6)数字草地建设的保障措施。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗天然草地资源及其评价

本文对东乌旗天然草地资源进行了分析和评价，并提出了今后开发利用草地资源的建议，为该地区的草地畜牧业生产发展提供了科学依据。     

吉木乃县天然草地资源调查评价

本文对吉木乃县天然草地资源分布、面积、牧草种类、草地类型、季节牧场、生产能力、等级及载畜量等进行了全面系统的调查与评价,揭示天然草地资源利用中存在的问题,并对草地资源合理利用提出建议,为吉木乃县草地畜牧业生产发展提供科学依据。     

面向新世纪,牧区畜牧业要大发展——关于加快发展我国草原畜牧业几个问题的探讨

阐述了我国草原畜牧业的现状、存在的问题和发展潜力 ,提出了发展草原畜牧业的对策     

贵州省发展草食畜禽战略的研究

贵州省具有发展草食畜禽的优越条件,从省情出发,研究了贵州省养猪的最大承载量,研究了贵州自然条件、草食畜禽品种资源和饲料资源,研究了发展草食畜禽的潜力与措施,提出了贵州主要畜禽发展指标等。     

论黄土高原农区草业及发展途径

本文根据黄土高原的现状，从土壤生产力、生态环境、种植业结构调整、畜牧业发展状况、加入WTO及草产品市场方面分析了黄土高原农区发展草业的可行性，提出了发展途径及种植模式，并指出了发展过程中应注意的问题。     

Sows intramammarily inoculated with Escherichia coli at parturition. II. Effects on the densities of MHC class II(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the mammary gland

The aim of this study was to determine the density of MHC class II, CD4 and CD8 positive cells in mammary glands of sows around parturition, and whether the densities were altered following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli prior to parturition. Also, animals developing clinical disease after inoculation were compared with animals not developing clinical disease. Fourteen cross-bred primiparous sows were subject to intramammary inoculation with E. coli bacteria 24h before estimated parturition. Mammary gland biopsies were collected and clinical observations were made. Four sows were categorised as clinically ill based on general condition, body temperature and gross mammary affection. There were no changes in density of MHC class II, CD4 and CD8 positive cells in non-inoculated glands around parturition, while significant changes in densities were shown in inoculated glands. Here, the density of MHC class II, CD4 and CD8 positive cells reached a peak at 72 h post-inoculation (p<0.01). In sows developing clinical disease, there was a tendency to an over all lower density (p=0.07) of MHC class II positive cells in inoculated glands compared with sows not developing clinical disease. When comparing the categories with respect to the density of CD4 and CD8 positive cells, the sows developing clinical disease showed a higher density (p=0.03) of CD4 and CD8 positive cells in inoculated glands than sows not developing disease. No differences were shown between categories in non-inoculated glands. It is concluded that the density of MHC class II, CD4 and CD8 positive cells seems to be unaltered around parturition. However, there is a rapid increase in density of these cells following intramammary inoculation with E. coli. Also, the data suggest that there is a difference between sows developing and sows not developing clinical disease after inoculation with respect to the increase in density of MHC class II, CD4 and CD8 positive cells in the mammary gland.     

Breed distribution of dogs with diabetes mellitus admitted to a tertiary care facility

OBJECTIVE: To determine which dog breeds are at low and high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: Hospital population of 221 dogs with DM and 42,882 dogs without DM during 5.5 years. PROCEDURE: 165 breeds (including a mixed-breed category) were represented in the hospital population. Breed-specific expected numbers of dogs with DM were calculated by multiplying the proportion of all dogs admitted to the hospital that were determined to have DM during the study period by the breed-specific totals during the study period. Breeds or breed groups evaluated in the analysis (n = 20) were restricted to those that had a combined observed and expected count > 5 to document breeds at low and high risk for developing DM. Proportionate changes in the risk of developing DM by breed were calculated and presented using exact odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values. Mixed-breed dogs were chosen as the reference breed. RESULTS: Samoyeds, Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Poodles, Pugs, and Toy Poodles were at high risk for developing DM. Dog breeds found to be at low risk for developing DM were German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, and American Pit Bull Terrier. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The finding that certain dog breeds are at low or high risk for developing DM suggests that some genetic defects may predispose dogs to development of DM, whereas other genetic factors may protect dogs from development of DM.     

发展节水灌溉是我国干旱半干旱草原区人工草地建设的必然举措

解决草畜矛盾的根本出路在于建设优质、高产的人工草地 ,而灌溉又是建设人工草地的核心。根据我国草原畜牧业发展现状和人工草地建设现状 ,提出了我国发展节水灌溉建设人工草地的几点建议     

阿坝州人工草地的发展前景

阐述了阿坝州草业发展的成就及问题,指出了立草为业,草业先行的重要性,提出了发展阿坝州草业的战略方针。     

Evaluation of risk factors for development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: 50 cases (1993-1998)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated with development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in hospitalized horses. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 50 horses with thrombophlebitis and 100 control horses. PROCEDURE: Medical records from 1993 through 1998 were searched for horses with thrombophlebitis. Horses that were hospitalized for at least 5 days, had an i.v. catheter placed in a jugular vein (other than for solely anesthetic purposes), and had no evidence of thrombophlebitis during admission or hospitalization were chosen as controls. Signalment, history, clinicopathologic findings, primary illness, and treatment were obtained from the medical records. Data were analyzed by use of logistic regression to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: For a horse with endotoxemia, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 18 times those for a similar horse without endotoxemia. For a horse with salmonellosis, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 68 times those for a similar horse without salmonellosis. For a horse with hypoproteinemia, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were almost 5 times those for a similar horse without hypoproteinemia. For a horse in the medicine section, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 16 times those for a similar horse in the surgery section. For a horse with large intestinal dise, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 4 times those for a similar horse without large intestinal disease. For a horse receiving antidiarrheal or antiulcerative medications, the odds of developing thrombophlebitis were 31 times those for a similar horse not receiving these medications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that patient factors, including large intestinal disease, hypoproteinemia, salmonellosis, and endotoxemia, were associated with development of catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in horses.     

Factors associated with the risk of developing sarcoid tumours in horses.

A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors in horses associated with the development of the common skin tumours known as sarcoids. The study involved 503 sarcoid cases diagnosed (January 1980-December 1989) at New York State College of Veterinary Medicine and a similar number of controls (non-sarcoid cases). Data on age, breed and sex of cases and controls were obtained from computerised records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Separate data were obtained for the same 10-year period from the Veterinary Medical Data Program to determine the proportional morbidity rate at different veterinary colleges in North America. Appaloosa, Arabian and Quarter horses were at a higher risk of developing sarcoid tumours than were Thoroughbred horses. Standardbred horses had a lower risk of developing sarcoids. Geldings were at a higher risk of developing sarcoids in comparison with stallions. There was no significant difference in the risk of developing sarcoids between stallions and mares. The risk of developing sarcoid increased with age up to 15 years and then declined. The proportional morbidity rate of sarcoids among the veterinary colleges ranged between 0 and 14 per 1,000 cases, with an average of 6 per 1,000.     

活性氧(ROS)对小鼠早期胚胎染色体相对长度的影响

通过对小鼠体内发育的囊胚、扩张囊胚和从1-细胞期取出在CZB培养液中培养的囊胚、扩张囊胚的染色体相对长度进行统计分析,在各号染色体相对长度出现显著性差异的同时,发现体外培养的比体内发育的染色体相对长度短;体外CZB培养的不同时期添加外源性过氧化氢,发育至囊胚、扩张囊胚阶段,制作胚胎标本,观察胚胎的染色体相对长度。结果表明:不同时期添加外源性过氧化氢组比对照组的染色体相对长度短。说明经过氧化氢处理之后存活下来的胚胎染色体相对长度发生了变化。