宁夏农垦五个羊品种舍饲行为比较试验

针对宁夏农垦贺兰山农牧场种羊场舍饲的滩羊、小尾寒羊、特克萨尔羊、萨福克羊、无角道赛特羊，分品种进行24h行为规律观察。结果表明，采食、反刍、休息时间三者的比值为滩羊1：1．72：1．78，小尾寒羊1：1．68：1．75，特克萨尔羊1：1．71：1．72，萨福克羊1：1．71：1．77，无角道赛特羊1：1．71：1．73，各品种供试羊采食多集中在白天；反刍、休息多集中在夜间。在草料充足的情况下，各品种供试羊采食量占体重的百分比为滩羊5．3％，小尾寒羊5．1％，特克萨尔羊2．94％，萨福克羊3．65％，无角道赛特羊3．83％。     

良种肉用绵羊与小尾寒羊杂一代屠宰试验研究

随机选择由国外引进的萨福克、特克塞尔、德国肉用美利奴、无角道赛特和夏洛莱5个品种良种肉羊与小尾寒羊杂交所产10月龄和6月龄F1杂种羊21只进行屠宰试验研究。结果表明:各良种肉羊×寒羊杂交组合10月龄F1平均宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体眼肌面积和GR值指标显著大于滩羊×小尾寒羊组合F1(P<0.05);无角道赛特、夏洛莱分别与小尾寒羊杂交组合6月龄F1上述各项指标亦大于10月龄滩羊×小尾寒羊组合F1(P<0.05)。     

良种肉羊及其杂种肉羊毛品质研究

对萨福克羊、特克萨尔羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、萨寒滩杂种肉羊和特寒滩杂种肉羊的羊毛分析结果表明,杂种肉羊羊毛平均细度小于萨福克羊、特克萨尔羊羊毛,大于小尾寒羊、滩羊羊毛;杂种肉羊羊毛平均伸直长度和平均强度大于所测定的其它四个品种羊的羊毛;特克萨尔及其杂种羊羊毛的伸度十分相近,大于其它品种和类群;特克萨尔羊毛的含脂率和R^457白度大于萨福克羊。萨福克羊、特克萨尔羊羊毛均由同质半细毛组成,其它羊的羊毛为异质毛。     

不同品种绵羊羊毛品质分析

对陶赛特、萨福克、萨门、德克赛尔4个肉用羊品种和滩羊、小尾寒羊2个粗毛羊品种的羊毛品质进行了综合分析。结果表明:粗毛羊外层粗毛的自然长度大于肉用羊,且粗毛羊中滩羊大于小尾寒羊,肉用羊中以陶赛特的羊毛最长;萨门羊的羊毛密度极显著高于其他品种羊(P<0.01),以陶赛特的密度最小;滩羊的净毛率最高,肉用羊间净毛率差异不显著(P>0.05),但以陶赛特最高,萨门的最低。     

新进育肥羊了，咋管理？

正1肉羊品种的选择我国肉羊品种有130多个,但在我国北方生长快肉质好的育肥品种主要有蒙串、小尾寒羊、杜波绵羊、无角陶赛特、萨福克羊、美利奴羊等肉用羊。2如何选择羔羊规模化育肥场可以从东北、内蒙等     

无角陶赛特羊与当地寒杂羊杂交效果

定西市安定区肉羊良种场引进的无角陶赛特羊具有早熟、体形大、繁殖率高、生长发育快、肉用性能好等特点,是优良的肉用品种.周边农户饲养的绵羊主要以寒杂羊为主(小尾寒羊♂×滩羊♀、小尾寒羊♂×细毛杂种羊♀、滩羊♂×小尾寒羊♀所杂交繁殖的杂种羊简称寒杂羊),占绵羊总数的69.8%.     

不同肉用羊品种杂交组合肉用性能的测定

以黑萨福克、白萨福克、特克赛尔、无角陶赛特为终端父本,寒x滩杂种羊为母本,进行三元杂交组合,在相同饲养管理条件下,萨寒滩羊6月龄体重47.6千克,特寒滩羊45.17千克,白萨寒滩羊44.50千克,陶寒滩羊44.50千克,而同龄滩羊29.5千克,屠宰试验结果表明,黑萨寒滩羊屠宰率52.94%,特寒滩羊50.87%,白萨寒滩羊51.43%,陶寒滩羊51.66%,滩羊46.10%,杂种羊体重和产肉量屠宰率明显提高.     

不同肉羊品种与小尾寒羊杂交效果观察

选用160只从山东引进的小尾寒羊作母本,以该场从山西省农科院畜牧所种羊场引进的特克塞尔肉用种羊、无角陶赛特肉用种羊和萨福克肉用种羊为父本,随机分成特寒、陶寒、萨寒和小尾寒羊4组.试验采用全舍饲饲养方式,通过综合比较各杂交组合试验羊的产羔率、羔羊成活率、羔羊初生重、1～6月龄体重以及6月龄体尺指数等指标.结果表明:用肉用羊品种杂交小尾寒羊后,杂种后代的生长发育速度明显高于小尾寒羊,杂种羔羊比小尾寒羊只均收入多135元.     

肉用品种母羊年龄与产羔率关系的研究

观测结果表明,无角陶赛特羊、特克塞尔羊和小尾寒羊3品种产羔母羊年龄与产羔率、羔羊初生重、羔羊成活率呈一定的线性关系,第1胎较低,第2胎开始递增,第5胎呈递减趋势.品种间比较,小尾寒羊的多胎率是其它两个品种所不及的,多羔率(2～4羔)平均66.2%,但与羔羊成活率呈弱的负相关,比两个外引品种分别低12.4个百分点(P<0.01)和12.6个百分点(P<0.01);双羔率以无角陶赛特羊最高,平均51.5%,比特克塞尔羊高6.6个百分点.但无角陶赛特羊和特克塞尔羊的三羔率较低,四羔为0;羔羊初生重无角陶赛特羊公母羔羊分别高于特克塞尔羊7.33%(P<0.05)和11.75%(P<0.01).     

八个绵羊品种遗传多样性分析及引进肉用品种与地方品种杂种优势预测

利用5个微卫星标记在山西省主要8个绵羊品种中的多态性研究,预测进口肉用绵羊品种与地方绵羊品种的杂种优势,为山西省肉用绵羊生产提供理论依据.结果表明,8个绵羊品种在5个微卫星位点上平均等位基因数在6.0～8.6个之间,平均有效等位基因在3.81～5.68个之间,平均基因杂合度在0.6711～0.7896之间,平均多态信息含量在0.6152～0.7462之间,品种间遗传分化系数为0.1390.说明选择5个微卫星座位均为高度多态位点,可用于8个绵羊品种遗传多样性评估;8个绵羊品种在5个微卫星座位上都存在较大的遗传变异,且总群体86.1%遗传变异发生在品种内.根据标准遗传距离和Nei's遗传距离,若用本地绵羊、广灵大尾羊做母本,父本选择顺序依次为特克赛尔羊、杜泊羊、萨福克羊、道赛特羊;若用小尾寒羊做母本,父本选择顺序为特克赛尔羊、萨福克羊、杜泊羊、道赛特羊.若用乌珠穆沁羊做母本,父本选择顺序为特克赛尔羊、萨福克羊、道赛特羊、杜泊羊.进口肉用绵羊品种与地方绵羊品种最理想杂交组合为:特克赛尔羊与本地绵羊、广灵大尾羊、小尾寒羊;较差杂交组合为:道赛特羊与小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊,杜泊羊与乌珠穆沁羊.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.