拖拉机无级变速箱的箱体振动分析与控制

为了减小拖拉机无级变速箱的振动和噪声,对液压功率分流无级变速箱的共振与控制问题进行了研究。首先,构建了无级变速箱的基本传动方程,计算得到了箱体内各齿轮副及行星齿轮在不同工况下的啮合频率;其次,基于SolidWorks平台构建了变速箱箱体的虚拟样机,将其导入ANSYS/Workbench软件进行模态分析,得到箱体的固有频率及前6阶模态振型;最后,通过比较变速箱齿轮副啮合频率和箱体固有频率,对变速箱箱体固有频率和可能发生共振的液压路齿轮副啮合频率进行了共振接近度计算,并制定了相应的控制策略,以规避共振现象。研究表明:拖拉机液压功率分流无级变速箱的共振点难以消除,但对于存在共振问题的速度工况,可以通过匹配不同的发动机转速与变速箱传动比来实现规避。     

热加工处理技术对拖拉机变速箱齿轮的影响研究

设计了拖拉机变速箱齿轮节曲线方程和齿廓，对其进行了运动学分析，并基于热处理加工技术对拖拉机变速箱齿轮变形影响进行研究，提出了具体的优化措施。SolidWorks仿真结果表明：拖拉机变速箱齿轮设计理论、建模方法和热处理加工工艺都符合要求，验证了整个设计的正确性。     

上海—50拖拉机变速箱的减振研究

对上海—50拖拉机变速箱振动的测试分析表明,其主要振源是常啮合齿轮副,因而采取减振措施,分别以误差较小的直齿圆柱齿轮和斜齿轮取代原常啮合齿轮副,使该变速箱的振动明显降低,收到了显著的减振效果。     

滑动齿轮换挡拖拉机变速箱的改进设计

介绍了滑动齿轮换挡拖拉机变速箱改为斜齿轮啮合套换挡结构的设计过程,从传动路线的优化选择,到斜齿轮倒锥齿圈等具体零部件结构设计进行了阐述,通过改进设计提升了拖拉机变速箱性能,使操纵更轻便,同时降低了噪声。     

某装载机变速箱的模态分析

为探究某装载机变速箱在工作中的振动特性,对该变速箱进行模态分析.首先,对该变速器的传动系统进行分析,计算出在各工况下该变速器中各轴转频和各齿轮的啮合频率.然后,通过ANSYS Workbench对变速器箱体进行约束模态分析,将轴转频、齿轮啮合频率和箱体模态频率进行对比.结果表明:变速箱内轴转动频率均小于30 Hz,箱体...     

拖拉机倒挡异常噪声分析

应用振动、噪声信号频谱分析和相干函数分析技术 ,检测了一台异常噪声严重的拖拉机 ,得到了其变速箱三向振动和噪声信号。综合分析了实测信号及其数据处理结果 ,得出此型号拖拉机发生异常噪声的主要原因是其变速箱倒挡齿轮的啮合振动所致。经改进加工工艺 ,拖拉机异常噪声得到了改善     

基于ANSYS软件的拖拉机轴承和齿轮接触载荷分析

变速箱是重型履带拖拉机的核心部件,随着现代拖拉机吨位和速度的不断提高,对变速箱齿轮的要求越来越高。为了提高拖拉机变速箱齿轮设计的效率和准确性,将ANSYS有限元分析引入到了拖拉机齿轮设计过程中,并建立了齿轮接触的三维有限元模型,采用自由网格对网格进行了划分,并设置接触体后对齿轮的接触载荷和固有频率特性进行了有限元数值计算,得到了应力分布和固有频率特征数据。为了验证有限元计算的可靠性,以齿轮的失效性检验为例,采用实际检测和有限元分析计算两种方法对失效性进行了测试,结果表明:采用实际检测和有限元分析的结果吻合,从而验证了有限元分析的可靠性。     

上海—50拖拉机变速箱箱体有限元与试验模态分析

本文运用有限元与试验模态分析法对上海-50拖拉机变速箱箱体进行模态分析。在有限元与试验模态分析结果对比方面,建立了频率特性对比的新方法。为有效地改善该箱体的动态特性,进行了箱体局部振动固有振型的修改,提出了箱体结构修改的初步建议。     

拖拉机变速箱齿轮损坏原因分析及预防措施

本文对变速箱的正齿轮、常啮合齿轮、怠速齿轮、齿圈及套齿的损坏原因进行了分析,提出了预防拖拉机变速箱齿轮损坏的措施。     

基于多目标遗传算法的404P型拖拉机齿轮系优化

针对404P型拖拉机变速箱齿轮系存在的齿轮总质量大、疲劳强度低、换挡平顺性较差的问题,建立了以变速箱齿轮系总质量最小、疲劳强度最高、换挡平顺性最高为优化目标的齿轮系多目标参数优化数学模型.提出利用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)进行多目标优化求解.基于Matlab优化工具箱编写程序进行齿轮系参数的优化设计...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。