南疆红枣静态图像采集分级方法研究

为了提高红枣商品品质,提出了红枣静态图像采集分级方法。通过比较不同光照条件、颜色背景下取得的红枣图片,研究基于机器视觉红枣大小的分级检测方法。采集红枣图像和图像预处理,选取最佳图像阈值,提取特征尺寸,建立特征尺寸与质量之间的对应关系;建立红枣的机测尺寸与实际尺寸、机测尺寸与红枣质量、实际尺寸与质量之间的不同关系模型。选择最贴近的二维分级模型:红枣机测实面积与质量的一次线性回归模型,通过对机测面积线性方程回归分析,线性模型的确定系数R2=0.841 8,并对研究结果进行验证,为进一步开展在线机器视觉红枣品质分级奠定了基础。     

基于机器视觉的胡柚分拣系统的研究与应用

文章以胡柚为研究对象,针对基于机器视觉的胡柚品质分拣生产线所涉及的关键技术进行理论和试验研究,先对在传输带上运动的胡柚进行图像采集、图像分割、图像平滑、灰度化和锐化等一系列的图像处理,然后对处理后的胡柚图像提取大小、颜色和缺陷的特征值,最后依据提取的特征参数进行大小、颜色和缺陷分级。并以此为基础,研究适合实时条件下的胡柚大小、形状、颜色及果品缺陷等品质指标的检测方法和分拣执行机构。     

基于梯度分布不均匀性的干瘪红枣识别

为了从混合的饱满红枣和干瘪红枣中识别出干瘪红枣,首先分析了颜色空间模型的特性,选择灰度图、RGB颜色空间模型的R分量、L*a*b*颜色空间模型的a*分量,并使用不同的梯度算子作为对比;然后通过形态学运算、逻辑运算去除异常梯度,进行梯度归一化变换;最后采用归一化的梯度直方图作为红枣表面的纹理特征表示方法,并计算其梯度分布不均匀性作为判别准则。利用12通道红枣分选机采集240幅饱满与202幅干瘪红枣图像作为样本图像。实验结果表明,采用简单梯度算子对L*a*b*模型的a*分量提取纹理信息效果最好,误判率为0.83%,正确识别率高达99.01%。     

基于计算机视觉和神经网络的牛肉颜色自动分

将采集的牛胴体眼肌切面图像人工确定其颜色等级,然后通过计算机图像处理方法,分割出肌肉区域并提取出其在RGB和HIS颜色空间的颜色特征参数.设计一个以牛肉的颜色特征参数为输入、牛肉的颜色等级为输出的BP神经网络模型,通过训练,确定模型的结构参数,用测试样本对该模型进行验证.结果显示,用该模型进行牛肉颜色等级预测的正确率可达95%,耗时仅0.25s.表明利用所设计的模型可以对牛肉的颜色等级进行快速、准确的自动判定.     

基于纹理和颜色特征的甜瓜缺陷识别

为了提高硬皮甜瓜缺陷分类的正确率,提取基于纹理和颜色的综合特征,采用支持向量机分类器构造了甜瓜缺陷的自动检测系统。对甜瓜图像可疑区进行了纹理分析,提取灰度共生矩阵的4个特征参数,经过比较实验得出,对比度和角二阶矩2个参数对甜瓜瓜蒂、花萼、擦伤和霉变有明显的可区分性。在可疑区域上提取了由R、G、B分量及其算术运算组成的12种颜色特征,通过实验筛选出4种具有较好区分性的颜色特征。实验结果表明,由这些优选出的纹理与颜色特征组成的综合特征及支持向量机分类器对甜瓜缺陷的识别正确率达到92.2%。     

基于颜色特征的脱绒棉种电导率检测方法研究

主要探讨脱绒棉种颜色特征与种子活力之间的相关性,搭建脱绒棉种图像采集平台,并进行图像处理算法的研究。在RGB、HSV和I1I2I3颜色模型下提取颜色特征参数,同时进行脱绒棉种电导率的测定,采用SPSS19对各颜色特征参数与脱绒棉种电导率值进行相关性分析,结果表明脱绒棉种部分外观颜色特征参数与其电导率值之间相关性显著。基于BP神经网络的脱绒棉种内部品质检测模型,取脱绒棉种鼎丰10和新陆早45各300粒对模型进行训练,当鼎丰10和新陆早45隐含层的结点数分别选择为8和7时,网络均方误差和函数收敛效果较好,然后将脱绒棉种鼎丰10和新陆早45各取100粒对训练好的网络模型进行验证,结果表明用BP神经网络的检测精度分别可达到82.7%、86.1%。     

苹果品质多光谱图像分析方法

本文提出了一种基于多光谱图像分析的苹果质量检测方法,通过苹果多光谱图像的算术和逻辑运算,提取图像的多光谱特征参数,并探索这些特征参数与苹果品质的关系。结果表明:利用可见光图像与近红外图像的异或运算,提取了多光谱图像的颜色特征参数,发现异或图像中黑点像素所占百分比与苹果品质显著相关;通过苹果可见光图像与近红外图像的和运算,实现苹果外形特征的提取和计算;利用可见光图像与近红外图像的相减运算完成了苹果缺陷区域的提取和计算。     

基于视觉技术的苹果分拣系统设计

在线检测是实现自动生产的重要环节,计算机视觉图像信息处理技术已经广泛应用于农产品品质检测中.表面缺陷检测一直是困扰苹果自动化分级的难题,本文采用特征提取,即提取出缺陷部位的轮廓,再进行填充求其面积的方法确定缺陷面积大小,然后用缺陷面积结合最大横径、颜色色度来判定等级,实现机器化苹果分拣.经实验证明本方法准确率达94.2%,且具有较好的稳定性,为农业自动化提供了一种可靠的苹果在线检测的方法.     

基于支持向量机的缺陷红枣机器视觉识别

在枣的干制过程中形成的油头枣、浆头枣、霉烂枣是最常见的缺陷枣,它们整体或局部颜色偏暗、偏黑,有必要通过机器视觉技术将其识别出来.在HIS颜色空间中,提取H的均值和均方差作为红枣的颜色特征值,利用支持向量机识别缺陷红枣.实验结果表明,识别准确率可以达到96.2%,优于人工神经网络的89.4%.     

基于特征融合和SVM的稻谷品种识别

为快速有效地识别稻谷品种,提出一种基于特征融合和SVM的稻谷品种识别方法。采集华南双季稻区4种不同的籼稻品种(象牙香占、江航丝苗、小农占和五优234),采用图像处理的方法对稻谷图像进行灰度化、二值化和形态学处理等预处理操作,提取稻谷图像的形状特征和颜色特征,建立单特征模型和融合特征模型,构建SVM分类器,进行稻谷品种识别试验,并进行模型选择和讨论。结果表明,两两品种差异性显著的6个形状特征参数为:面积、长轴长、短轴长、离心率、周长和形状因子;形状特征模型对于不规则形状和大小的谷粒品种具备较好的识别能力;与BP神经网络识别模型相比,SVM模型的识别率更高、时间更短。基于特征融合和SVM的稻谷品种识别获得较高的准确率99.50%和较短的识别时间0.165 s,可满足稻谷在线识别与质量检测的精度和实时性要求。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。