机械非正芽播种与人工正芽播种大蒜对比试验分析

为推进大蒜生产机械化,邳州市农机推广站以"2019年江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目"建设为抓手,在土山镇、碾庄镇、宿羊山镇建设了3个大蒜生产机械化示范点,重点引进大蒜种植、收获等环节机械装备,开展机械非正芽播种与人工正芽播种大蒜对比试验.试验结果表明,机械非正芽播种作业效率高、生产成本低,播种质量符合农艺要求,在...     

花生机械化生产农艺模式研究

通过对我国花生品种特点、种植模式以及花生生产机械技术现状的分析,探讨了现有花生播种、联合收获机械与花生种植农艺模式的关系,提出了推进花生生产机械化农机农艺结合的基本思路和建议。     

4D BL-2型大蒜联合收获机检测性能良好

近日,农业部南京农业机械化研究所在江苏省射阳县开展了大蒜联合收获技术试验与性能检测,取得了圆满成功。针对目前我国大蒜收获农机农艺匹配性差,仍以人工收获为主,劳动强度大、生产率低、劳动成本高     

江淮水旱轮作区农机农艺融合研究

农机农艺融合问题是我国农业机械化发展过程中遇到的重要问题之一.以农机与农艺相互适应,协调发展为理念,本文实地调研了江淮平原丘陵水旱轮作区的农业生产农艺流程,提取了与机械有关的参数,以期为农机农艺融合提供理论依据.结果表明,农机农艺的融合主要发生在耕整地、播种或移栽、收获环节,不同地方在这些环节的生产操作上存在着一定的差异.     

马铃薯种植农机农艺融合生产技术应用分析

为了进一步提高马铃薯的种植产量,在马铃薯的种植区域,加大马铃薯农机农艺融合生产技术的应用十分必要,介绍了马铃薯播种、田间管理、收获等环节的农机农艺融合技术。     

一年两熟地区玉米生产机械化中的农机农艺适应性问题初探

在玉米生产中,机械化生产方式受到传统栽培制度制约而难以快速发展。针对黄淮海地区玉米种植制度和区域特点,重点结合播种、收获环节,从农机农艺交互影响的视角,探讨了玉米生产中农机农艺适应性问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

邯郸市大蒜生产全程机械化技术

本文主要阐述了邯郸市大蒜生产全程机械化技术路线,以及大蒜耕整地、种植、管理、收获等生产环节的农机农艺技术要求,并筛选出了部分配套适宜机具,为推动大蒜全程机械化生产提供了技术参考.     

农机农艺高度融合的基础在标准化——以山东玉米机械化生产为例

农机与农艺能否实现深度融合,关键在农艺与农机的数字化和标准化实施,它涉及农艺的数字化和标准化描述与表达,对农机装备而言更是从设计、生产制造、流通、使用以及后续维护的全过程标准化实施,也是实现农机企业与农业生产实现较高经济效益的有效方法和手段。鉴于目前我国玉米综合机械化水平较发达国家还严重偏低,尤其在机械化收获环节还存在较大的提升空间,结合山东玉米的生产现状,从现有的育种与播种、田间管理、收获以及农业机械如何主动适应农艺要求等环节阐述数字化和标准化对提升农业机械化和加速农业现代化进程的重要意义和实现方法。     

苍山县大力推广大蒜收获机械化

苍山县位于山东最南部,是著名的“中国大蒜之乡”,常年大蒜种植面积达30万亩以上,是苍山的支柱产业。但大蒜的种、收机械化程度相对落后,目前大蒜生产机械化尚处于试验示范阶段,尤其是大蒜收获仍是人工为主,劳动强度大、工作效率低。若错过大蒜最佳收获期,大蒜极易发生品质下降,造成巨大经济损失。为解决大蒜生产机械化的“瓶颈”问题,该县自2005年起就开始研试大蒜播种和收获机械化技术,多次举办大蒜收获机械化现场演示会。     

水稻生产农机农艺融合技术及其应用建议

<正>水稻生产农机农艺融合技术是根据水稻生产的特点,研究建立水稻机械化栽培的关键技术体系。该技术体系以水稻生产机械化为核心,以农机与农艺相结合为主线,以农艺栽培为基础,以机械作业为支撑,是一项以水稻机插秧为主体,集育秧、耕整地、大田栽插、田间管理、收获等多个环节于一体的先进适用的水稻生产机械化技术体系。该技术体系采用的核心技术主要有水稻播种前土壤处理技术、水稻机插秧技术、水稻机械化收获技术。该技术体系的核心内容是建立一种集育秧、耕整、移栽、田间管理、收获等环节于一体的机械化作业模式,为水稻生产全程机械化发展提供了理论和实践支撑。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。