高速超薄秸秆农作物切片试验机的设计与试验研究

针对秸秆切片制作研究标本时容易出现切不断或切片厚度不满足要求等问题,设计了一种高速超薄秸秆农作物切片试验机。试验机应用螺杆传动实现秸秆的自动进给,保证切片厚度均匀一致,同时通过调整电机的转速以及上刀片的安装角度来实现对不同组织特性秸秆的切片处理。通过Adams虚拟样机分析软件对机器进行仿真分析,同时对所制作的实物样机进行秸秆切片试验,最终得出结论：试验机各机构均能满足预期使用要求,切片厚度可达0.1mm,有效解决了秸秆研究中标本制作困难的问题。     

全自动大枣输送定向切片机的设计与试验分析

针对大枣切片生产中,效率低、厚度不均匀、造碎率大等难题,在分析现有设备的基础上,结合对大枣加工工艺过程的分析研究,设计了一种大枣全自动输送定向切片机,确定了该设备的主要技术参数,并对关键零部件进行了设计计算。同时,通过试验研究分析了切片过程中切片速度与造碎率之间的关系,优化了切片速度等参数,减少了造碎率,进一步修改完善了试验样机。试验结果表明,该设备具有造碎率低、生产效率高等优点,在企业中使用效果良好。     

自动控制技术在农业机械中的应用研究

在农业现代化发展的背景下,如何实现自动控制技术的搭载成为农业产业关注的焦点。引入自动控制技术,能更好地推动农业机械在农作物种植过程中发挥效用,从而确保农业生产过程中达成集约化、智能化以及自动化的运作效果,实现农作物产量的提升。文章针对当前农业机械中如何实现自动控制技术的有效应用展开了分析。     

温室农作物自动滴灌测控系统的应用

温室环境与正确的灌溉方法对农作物生长起着重要的作用。自动滴灌测控系统可以实现根据温室内种植的农作物正常生长所需的土壤湿度与环境温度,适时进行自动滴灌,为其生长提供良好的的条件。系统通过科学合理的控制策略,由计算机控制并利用各种传感器实现自动采集、监测土壤湿度与环境温度,及时灌溉。此系统的应用,降低了灌溉成本,提高了灌溉质量,起到了节水节能的作用。同时有效地避免了过涝或过旱对农作物的影响,提高了温室的科学化管理水平,实现了精准农业化的高效生产。     

自动避障除草机功能与控制系统设计

田间除草是农业生产过程中的一项重要工作,对于保障农作物稳产高产意义重大,随着农业机械化生产的普及,化学药剂除草的方式不仅造成了严重的环境污染和生态破坏,而且不利于农作物食品安全,探索机械技术为主体的自动化除草设备意义重大。以自动除草机的国内外研究情况及趋势特点为基础,分析了除草机田间作业过程有效避障的关键因素及避障工作实施原理,对自动避障控制系统进行软硬件选型与功能设计,并针对自动作业除草机的避障功能发展进行展望。     

温室大棚轨道式巡检机器人设计

传统温室大棚生产中存在人工获取农作物巡查数据不方便、覆盖率小等缺陷,急需智能巡检装备实时准确获取管控信息。通过对温室大棚结构环境和生产需求调研分析,设计了一种温室大棚巡检机器人,在实验室环境搭建巡检机器人平台进行了性能试验研究,该机器人能够执行全天候自动巡检任务,快速高效获取蔬菜生产过程的实时管理监控信息。     

温室大棚自动灌溉系统设计

随着温室大棚规模的不断加大以及种植品种日趋多样性,对温室大棚的灌溉提出了更高的要求,以往的人工灌溉方式无论在人力成本和时间上都显示出了极大的局限性.为此,设计了上下两个平台,实现对温室大棚自动灌溉系统的控制.此设计能根据不同种植区域农作物对环境温度和土壤湿度的要求实现自动灌溉,并且具有对环境温度和土壤湿度进行实时监控、设置门限值以及越界报警等功能.     

基于K均值聚类的厚壁组织区域自动提取

桉树是我国南方的速生丰产林,区域提取是定量分析各种组织抑制桉树茎生根原因的重要前提。为此,介绍了基于K均值聚类的在桉树茎切片图像中自适应提取厚壁组织区域的图像处理技术。将桉树茎切片彩色图像转换为CIEL*a*b*彩色空间,用K均值聚类分析算法对描述颜色的a*和b*通道进行聚类分析,提取细胞厚壁,然后填充其中白色的细胞腔,构成完整的厚壁组织区域。实验结果表明,在CIEL*a*b*空间使用该算法可以获得较准确的实验结果。     

农老大牌XL-2型高压自动喷雾器

1.主要特点 (1)利用压缩空气所产生的动力而实现自动喷雾。不用油、不用电、不用催化剂,只需在使用前用打气筒打一次气,就能对大面积农作物实行连续喷射。(2)射程达8m以上,扬程7m以上,用加长管连接可延伸30m喷施。(3)每桶储液量达10～12kg,喷射时间只     

机器视觉在种子自动分选系统中的应用

机器视觉技术在农业工程领域应用已经越来越广泛。为此,首先介绍了利用机器视觉技术的种子自动分选系统,并综述了近年来国内外在利用机器视觉技术对农作物种子进行自动检测方面的研究进展,认为种子的动态在线检测应用前景广阔。同时,指出了当今国内外研究中存在的问题和对今后研究的进一步展望。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。