农业智能巡检小车的设计

设计一种应用于农场、果园或温室大棚巡检农作物生长状况和环境温湿度的智能小车。其运动控制系统以STM32为控制器,通过红外传感器和舵机控制小车跟踪设定黑色路线进行巡检;由GPS定位模块SIM808获取检测点的经纬度位置,选用DHT11传感器采集环境的温、湿度值,使用OV2710摄像头拍摄农作物的图像信息,然后由树莓派将温湿度数据和经纬度位置信息以JSON格式,农作物图像信息以JPG格式通过WIFI方式发送至yeelink云平台,最后登录yeelink云平台即可远程查看小车巡检中采集的各项数据。实验结果表明,智能小车样机较好地实现预期的各项巡检功能,实现农作物的远程监控。     

基于组态王和PLC的蔬菜温室温湿度监控系统

系统采用组态王软件与PLCS7-200相结合,设计了一种蔬菜温室温湿度监控系统,给出了系统的结构、软件设计和组态过程。监控系统根据蔬菜生长的环境条件,对环境温湿度参数进行实时采集,控制各种控制单元输出,从而使农作物达到最优的生长环境。使用组态软件设计的上位机监控系统,能方便地构造适应自己需要的数据采集,实现了实时数据监控管理,保证信息在全范围内的畅通,以适应农业现代化的需要。     

温室环境物联网监测系统的设计

农业生产环境的物联网技术推动农业生产的发展。本文设计一种温室环境实时监测系统,该系统利用物联网技术,经传感器采集环境信息,微控制器进行控制并与网络连接,再由Android智能手机Yeelink平台读取的数据,监测温室环境的温度、湿度及光照度。最后,对系统进行测试,有效监测温室环境的温湿度及光照度,为温室作物生长的环境参数提供参考。     

基于PID算法的温室环境控制系统设计

随着现代计算机信息技术和自动化控制技术在农业领域的快速发展,温室的结构档次正不断提高,加之农作物对外部环境的依赖性强,搭建一种适合农作物生长的温室环境控制系统,已成为农业种植者的迫切需求。该文针对温室环境信息智能化管理需求,通过调控农作物的环境因素,创造出适宜农作物生长的环境,从而达到农作物反季节生产和提高产量的目的。为了进一步提高温室智能控制的精准度以及提高农作物生产效率,基于PID控制算法,设计了一套典型的、符合我国农情的温室环境控制系统。该系统将在调节温室环境参数和改善作物生长环境方面发挥重要作用。      

基于物联网的远程温室视觉监控系统设计与实现

在当前智慧农业的大环境下,农作物生长过程的识别与监控问题一直是一项具有挑战性的任务,基于此提出一种基于物联网的远程温室视觉监控系统,系统通过LoRa无线通信技术监测温室内的温湿度、光照强度等环境参数,能够及时监测到农作物的生长状况,并实现自动通风、自动补光等功能。在PC端的Qt上位机实时监测温室内的环境信息并控制环境参数,通过OV9726摄像头对农作物进行监测,所获得的生长状态信息传输到S3C6410集中控制模块进行处理,结合克隆选择算法和朴素贝叶斯分类器对叶片进行识别处理。本系统采用LoRa模块进行自组网来实现环境监测,将Linux操作系统移植到集中控制模块,为视觉系统软硬件平台的搭建做准备工作,所使用的组合算法能够使得农作物叶片识别率达到95.3%,识别时间达到8.4 ms,对于叶片识别精度等方面有着明显的提升,经过实验充分验证本系统所使用的设备与算法的有效性。     

蔬菜温室智能控制系统设计

为有效完成蔬菜温室内温湿度的实时检测,设计了以单片机Arduino为控制核心的蔬菜温室智能控制系统,使用温湿度传感器DHT11实现对温室内温湿度的采集.该控制系统可以根据检测结果通过神经网络对温室环境进行调节,从而实现对蔬菜温室环境自动化控制,优化蔬菜生长环境.     

温室温湿度的远程监控系统

在科学研究中,为了研究作物在不同环境中的生长情况,需要控制不同的环境参数模型。在实际生产中,为了提供适合作物生长的生态环境,需要对温室环境参数进行实时监控。为此,基于LabVIEW平台,利用DataSocket技术开发了温室温湿度远程监控系统,实现了远程监控终端对温室温湿度的控制以及温湿度数据的实时共享。     

基于物联网技术的特色设施作物信息化管理技术与装备研究

<正>物联网在设施农业中的应用,是对农作物生长环境进行监测和改造,是在田地里铺设各种传感器,安装自动化设备,搭建传感器网络,建立监控中心,从而构建农作物生长决策系统、监测系统。利用各种传感器对空气温湿度、光照强度、土壤温湿度、日照数等数据进行实时采集,以获得农作物生长的当前环境条件。决策系统通过传感器网络获取数据后,再根据农作物在每个阶段的生长要求,对这些数据参数进行分析,通过分析种植环境因素对农作物长     

温室大棚温湿度模糊控制系统及PLC程序设计

温室大棚环境系统是一个具有非线性、时变和大惯性等特点的复杂系统,难以建立精确的数学模型进行控制。为此,以显著影响温室作物生长的温湿度为研究对象,构建了一个温湿度模糊控制系统方案,应用模糊控制系统理论设计了温湿度模糊控制器,编写了模糊控制算法的PLC程序,并对温湿度的模糊控制效果进行了实际观测。系统运行结果表明:当温湿度值设定为22℃和70%RH时,控制过程平稳、超调量小、运行稳定,能够满足温室作物对生长环境的要求。     

基于PLC的农业大棚温室控制设计

为了提高四川地区农业的产量产值,引入温室大棚不失为一种好的选择。但是普通大棚没有智能温度控制系统,虽有一定的作用,但作用有限。而将PLC控制技术引入农业大棚进行温度控制,将实现对大棚内的温湿度及光照等的智能控制,使农作物在适宜的环境下生长,将极大地提高农作物的产量和质量。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。