基于模糊聚类分析的草莓图像分割方法研究

为改善草莓采摘机器视觉系统中果实图像的分割效果,对普通均值聚类的分割方法理论进行分析,针对草莓果实图像的特点将模糊-均值聚类算法引入分割算法,大大改善草莓果实图像的分割效果。     

基于K均值聚类的成熟草莓图像分割算法

成熟草莓图像分割是草莓收获机器人识别和定位系统的关键技术.考虑到成熟草莓和其所处环境的颜色特性,在Lab彩色模式下将K均值聚类用于成熟草莓图像的分割.首先把输入的草莓图像从RGB空间转换到Lab空间下,然后初始化三个聚类中心进行K均值聚类的迭代算法,最后为消除成熟草莓花托表面细小瘦果对分割产生的影响,利用数学形态学的闭运算对分割的图像进行了修正加工.研究表明,K均值聚类分割算法在Lab模式下能够较好地分割出成熟草莓图像,并且Lab模式比其他彩色模式更适用于K均值聚类的图像分割算法.     

基于改进人工蜂群模糊聚类的葡萄图像快速分割方法

为解决基于模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)的图像分割算法需要预先给定初始聚类数目和聚类中心,易使得算法陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种改进的人工蜂群优化模糊聚类的图像分割方法。该方法在传统的人工蜂群的基础上进行优化,以FCM算法中目标函数为基础改进人工蜂群的适应度函数,运用蜂群行为中的采蜜蜂、跟随蜂和侦察蜂的分工合作来快速求解图像中的最优初始聚类中心,将求出的最优聚类中心输入给FCM进行处理,根据最大隶属度原则对果实图像进行分割。以300幅不同光照情况下拍摄的夏黑葡萄果进行分割试验,试验结果表明,改进的图像分割方法能更快地将水果从自然环境中分割识别出来,单幅图像平均分割时间为0.219 3 s,正确分割率达到90.33%,能满足采摘机器人及水果分级系统对目标图像的实时性要求。     

改进加权FCM用于裂纹蛋2D图像分割的研究

解决裂纹鸡蛋图像灰度直方图目标与背景区域分布模糊、图像分割效果差的问题.通过将包含空间信息的二维直方图和改进特征加权FCM算法有机结合,迭代寻求最佳聚类有效性函数和加权矩阵,实现鸡蛋图像缺陷分割.同时,对经典FCM和改进特征加权FCM算法的性能进行了分析比较.结果表明:提出的算法更接近于真实聚类中心,目标函数值亦得到改善;二维直方图的改进特征加权模糊聚类算法更好地提取了裂纹鸡蛋图像的细节信息,图像分割效果好.     

基于模糊聚类的黄瓜病害图像自动分割

提出了一种基于模糊聚类的黄瓜病害图像自动分割方法,模糊聚类与差分进化算法相结合,在进化过程中根据聚类中心对应的阈值确定模糊聚类中心的个数,由差分进化适应度函数值确定聚类中心是否被选中,以此实现图像的模糊聚类自动分割。经黄瓜炭疽病叶图像、白粉病叶图像、灰霉病叶图像和霜霉病叶图像的实验测试,该方法可以实现无人干预情况下的黄瓜病害图像自动分割,与相同类别个数的FCM算法相比,表现出了更好的性能。     

基于深度信息的草莓三维重建技术

以盆栽和高架两种栽培模式生长环境下的草莓植株为研究对象,提出了一种基于深度信息分割聚类的草莓冠层结构形态三维重建算法。首先,以深度信息的不连续性特征作为草莓植株逐层分割的重要依据,以深度二维图像作为全局参考指标,提出深度信息步进方法,自动提取冠层点云;其次,改进密度聚类算法,有效滤除随机、跳边和背景噪声;最后,改进基于Harris算子的多源图像融合算法,实现彩色图像与强度图像的配准及点云颜色的映射,三维重建出具有颜色信息的草莓冠层结构形态。为验证该算法的有效性,将三维重建后冠层的平均单叶长度及A-B线距离作为评价指标,试验结果表明,模型的平均单叶长度计算正确率为93%左右,A-B线距离计算正确率为97%左右,研究结果可为草莓采摘机器人果实识别过程中枝叶空间结构关系的构建提供技术支持。     

基于HSI色彩空间与FFCM聚类的葡萄图像分割

为适应农业采摘机器人对葡萄对象快速准确识别的需要,提出了基于HSI色彩空间与以直方图信息为特征的快速模糊C-均值聚类(FFCM)算法相结合的葡萄图像分割方法。该方法以H分量作为葡萄图像聚类分割的处理数据,根据FFCM算法对灰度图像聚类分割。试验对夏黑葡萄果实在自然光、顺光、背光照射环境下拍摄的图像进行分割。结果表明:葡萄图像分割方法能够快速且较好地从复杂自然环境中将葡萄目标分割出来,为葡萄采摘机器人的研制提供了重要参考。     

基于机器视觉的番茄果实图像分割方法研究

为了改善番茄采摘机器视觉系统中番茄果实图像的分割效果,对基于二维直方图的阈值分割方法的理论进行了分析,针对番茄果实图像的特点将阈值点附近的区域信息引入分割算法中,提出了一种改进的基于二维直方图的Otsu阈值分割方法,改善了图像的分割效果。     

基于K均值聚类的绿色苹果识别技

针对颜色和背景相近的绿色苹果,提出了一种基于K-均值聚类的苹果图像识别算法.该算法以8×8像素的正方形区域为分割单位.选择颜色差R-B作为颜色特征,选择灰度均值m,标准偏差σ和熵e作为纹理特征,形成特征向量空间.采用间隙统计法确定苹果图像的最佳聚类数. 将特征向量空间和最佳聚类数作为输入,运用本文算法对苹果图像进行聚类和分割.对200幅图像识别实验结果表明,在顺光和逆光情况下,算法均能实现果实与背景的有效分割,果实识别的正确率高于81%.     

西红柿果实目标识别方法研究——基于模糊聚类算法

为了准确识别成熟的西红柿目标,提出了一种模糊C-均值聚类算法(Fuzzy Clustering Means,FCM)的西红柿目标分割方法。该方法首先利用FCM算法对西红柿图像进行模糊聚类,并对聚类后的果实图像与丢失的部分目标图像进行相加,以得到更加完整的西红柿目标;然后对西红柿目标进行二值化、去噪、开运算与闭运算等处理,完成西红柿目标的分割。为了验证算法的有效性,利用20幅图像进行了试验并与K-means算法和Otsu算法分割效果进行了对比。结果表明:利用文中算法所分割出的西红柿目标最高分割误差率均低于Kmeans算法和Otsu算法,平均分割错误率为1 6.5 5%,比K-means算法低了3.5 6%,比Otsu算法低了1 2.8 0%。这表明,将该方法应用于西红柿目标的识别是可行的。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。