利用茎尖离体嫁接获得大蒜体细胞嵌合体的研究

以‘阿城紫皮’大蒜和日本‘福地六瓣’白皮大蒜鳞茎茎尖为接穗、鳞茎盘为砧木,利用离体茎尖微体嫁接技术,研究了大蒜体细胞嵌合体的培育,用RAPD分子标记技术进行了嵌合体的鉴定。结果表明：最佳生芽培养基为MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1+2ip 0.4 mg·L^-1;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS + IBA 1.5 mg·L^-1。嫁接成活率达16.00%~26.67%。利用引物OPF-16鉴定表明白/紫、白·紫/紫、白·紫/白、紫/白4种嫁接方式获得了嵌合体。利用引物OPJ-12鉴定表明紫/白嫁接方式获得了嵌合体,而引物OPE-05鉴定未能检测出亲本与嫁接苗之间的差异。     

树莓品种‘波鲁德’茎尖离体培养体系的建立

以树莓品种‘波鲁德’的茎尖为试验材料,建立其离体培养再生体系,为无病毒苗木的培育提供基础。结果表明:茎尖诱导最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.5 mg/L GA3;暗培养最佳时间为7 d,之后转入光照培养14 h/d,能够促进茎尖成活;当茎尖长度分别为0.5～0.7、0.7～1.0 mm时,其成活率分别为90.02%、94.44%;茎尖苗最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,增殖系数为5.09;试管苗最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA,生根率达100%。     

茎培养草莓无毒苗及其繁殖

近年来,利用分生组织培养,快速繁殖草莓无病毒苗的技术,已普遍受到国内外人们的重视,无病毒苗的利用也越来越广泛。我国利用草莓茎尖培养无毒苗也获成功,并开始在生产上大面积应用。 草莓无毒苗培养有三个阶段,即草莓茎尖培养成脱毒苗;利用指示植物叶片嫁接方法检测和鉴定病毒;得到无毒苗,在无毒条件下快速繁殖。     

培养因子对葡萄茎尖丛生芽诱导的影响初探

葡萄茎尖培养无毒苗不仅加快优良品种的繁殖和推广速度,且为发展无病毒试管苗开辟了新途径.     

高淀粉甘薯茎尖脱毒与组培技术研究

以高淀粉专用甘薯品种‘渝薯2号’茎尖为外植体,通过组织培养研究了不同消毒方法、不同茎尖大小、不同浓度生长调节剂配比、不同培养方式对茎尖脱毒和成苗效果的影响。结果表明：外植体用0.1%升汞溶液消毒7～8min,可达到理想的消毒效果;切取分生组织带2个叶原基、大小0.3～0.4mm的茎尖接种于＂MS＋1.0mg/LBA＋0.05mg/LNAA＋0.5mg/LGA3＂培养基上一次培养最好。     

葡萄组织培养快速繁殖及微茎尖培养研究

通过对葡萄组织培养快速繁殖和微茎尖培养的接种、继代繁殖、生根及移栽等关键技术的研究,筛选出适于多种品种生长的广潜培养基.采用价格便宜的化学试剂等代用品配制培养基,使其成本降低46.3%至58.2%.其茎段培养方法已应用于繁殖珍贵的葡萄品种苗木,微茎尖培养将为培育无病毒苗提供技术准备.     

野生软枣猕猴桃茎尖培养研究

研究了野生软枣猕猴桃的茎尖繁殖。结果表明:茎尖是野生软枣猕猴桃快繁的最佳外植体;适宜初代培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L,继代培养基为MS+BA2.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L;当试管苗根系长1.5～2.5cm时,去掉培养瓶封口膜,室内炼苗3～5天,移栽的基质宜选用河沙,控制移栽后温度、湿度、光照等,试管苗的移栽成活率可达80%,40天以后可将小苗装钵或移栽露地,成活率可达100%。     

利用茎尖离体嫁接获得大蒜体细胞嵌合体

以'阿城紫皮'大蒜和日本'福地六瓣'白皮大蒜鳞茎茎尖为接穗、鳞茎盘为砧木,利用离体茎尖微体嫁接技术,研究了大蒜体细胞嵌合体的培育,用RAPD分子标记技术进行了嵌合体的鉴定.结果表明:最佳生芽培养基为MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 2ip 0.4 mg·L-1;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS IBA 1.5 mg·L-1.嫁接成活率达16.00 %～26.67 %.利用引物OPF-16鉴定表明,白/紫、白·紫/紫、白·紫/白、紫/白4种嫁接方式获得了嵌合体.利用引物OPJ-12鉴定表明,紫/白嫁接方式获得了嵌合体,而引物OPE-05鉴定未能检测出亲本与嫁接苗之间的差异.     

甜樱桃茎尖培养和快速繁殖研究

本文主要报道了中国北方地区主栽的‘纳翁’、‘早丰’、‘红灯’、‘红蜜’、‘早紫’、‘红艳’和‘大紫’7种甜樱桃茎尖的适于分化培养基、增殖培养基和嫩茎生根的培养基。适于试管苗移栽的气温为15℃左右。培养过程中减少多酚化合物的氧化,可提高茎尖分化率达90％以上。     

葡萄组织培养快速繁殖及微茎尖培养研究

通过对葡萄组织培养快速繁殖和微茎尖培养的接种、继代繁殖、生根及移栽等关键技术的研究，筛选出适于多种品种生长的广谱培养基。采用价格便宜的化学试剂等代用品配制培养基，使其成本降低46.3%至58.2%。其茎段培养方法已应用于繁殖珍贵的葡萄品种苗木，微茎尖培养将为培育无病毒苗提供技术准备。     

激素、光照对"红脸颊"草莓茎尖分化的影响

以草莓品种红脸颊茎尖为外植体,研究了激素、暗处理、光照强度对茎尖分化的影响,以期建立高效的茎尖分化体系。结果表明,在MS基本培养基中,添加6-BA0.5mg/L＋NAA0.1mg/L的激素配比是诱导＂红脸颊＂草莓茎尖分化成苗的最佳激素组合;暗处理5d后采用2000lx光照光培养（14h/d）的条件最有利茎尖分化成苗,萌芽率86.7%。     

龙牙蕉组织培养技术

龙牙蕉吸芽茎尖经MS＋6-BA5．0mg／L＋AD20mg／L培养基诱导出不定芽后,在MS＋BA4mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L培养基上继代培养对不定芽的分化较好,平均分化倍数为2．6倍以上,无根小苗在1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋AC1g／L培养基上进行生根培养,1周后长出新根。组培小苗移栽假植成活率94％,大田栽培表现正常。     

大蒜茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存技术研究

 用山东‘苍山大蒜’进行了茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存技术的研究。5～8 mm大蒜茎尖在MS +0.7 mol/L蔗糖的固体培养基上预培养7 d, 切取3.0～3.5 mm的茎尖, 在20℃下经60% PVS2 处理60 min,再于0℃下用PVS2 处理5～60 min后, 换适量新鲜PVS2 , 浸入液氮。保存2 d或1个月后取出, 在37℃水浴中解冻2 min, 用MS + 1.2 mol/L蔗糖液体培养基洗涤2次, 每次10 min, 经过恢复培养, 茎尖成活率最高可达到100%。     

Globe artichoke plants obtained from shoot apices through rapid in vitro micropropagation

A rapid method of in vitro propagation for globe artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) is described. Shoot apices and subterminal stem segments were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with NaH₂PO₄ (50 mg/l), m-inositol (100 mg/l), L-tyrosine (100 mg/l), adenine (40 mg/l), indoleacetic acid (IAA, 0.5 mg/l), kinetin (K, 10 mg/l). sucrose (4%) and agar (0.7%) at pH 5.5. On this medium, a high number of proliferating shoots was obtained. The number of these shoots was increased and their overall development improved by sub-culturing on a MS medium with a reduced concentration of K (5 mg/l) and without the additional amount of sodium dihydrogen phosphate. In these conditions, a 4.5 rate of shoot proliferation was reached after 3 weeks.To induce rooting, the proliferated shoots were transferred to a medium containing half MS, thiamine-HCl (1 mg/l), m-inositol (100 mg/l), ascorbic acid (10 mg/l), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 2 mg/l), sucrose (2%), agar (0.7%) at pH 5.5. In these culture conditions about 84% of plantlets rooted.Cytological analyses performed on root tips of 20 randomly chosen plantlets showed that all the analysed plants contained the diploid number of chromosomes. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and the method described seems to be suitable for rapid propagation of globe artichoke.     

北海道黄杨茎尖组织培养初报

以北海道黄杨的茎尖为材料,探讨了不同培养条件、生长素浓度等因子对建立茎尖再生体系的影响。结果表明:北海道黄杨茎尖诱导最适培养基为6-BA+0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,最适分化培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,且在前10 d采用暗培养,之后采取光照培养。     

瞿麦组织培养和快速繁殖

以瞿麦种子获得的无菌苗和无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的激素,研究瞿麦组织培养的最佳条件.结果表明:最适宜无菌苗丛生芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;无菌苗茎段丛生芽诱导中,在MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+KT0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L有利于瞿麦的快速繁殖;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L.为提高试管苗增殖率及避免玻璃化现象的发生,最佳继代周期28 d,最适宜光照3 000 lx.     

陕北红洋芋的茎尖脱毒和分化培养基筛选

应用不同激素配比的培养基对榆林市本土马铃薯品种陕北红洋芋进行茎尖的分化培养,以期获得脱毒试管苗。试验结果表明,最适合陕北红洋芋茎尖分化成苗的培养基配方为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3+0.05 mg/L 6-BA,成活率达97.4%,分化成苗率达42.1%。     

Silver nitrate and adenine sulphate induced high regeneration frequency in the recalcitrant plant Cosmos bipinnatus using cotyledon explants

Plant regeneration ability was studied in the medicinal-ornamental plant, Cosmos bipinnatus ‘Sonata white’, which is a dicotyledonous recalcitrant plant to shoot induction. Cotyledons were used as sources of explants to investigate plant regeneration. High frequency of direct shoot induction was obtained when BA (5 mg/l) and AgNO₃ (5 mg/l) were used in combination with 20 mg/l adenine sulphate (73.8%) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The highest shoot number per explant (5.7) was induced on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BA, 5 mg/l AgNO₃, and 40 mg/l adenine. Eight week-old shoots were transferred to root induction media containing MS and half-strength MS medium with different concentration of IBA. The highest rate of root induction (70.8%) was obtained on half-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/l IBA within four weeks. The plantlets were transferred to pot and kept in the greenhouse condition. Seventy percent of the plantlets successfully acclimatised.

Abbreviations: BA, 6-benzylaminopurine; IBA, Indole-3-butyric acid; MS, Murashige and Skoog; PGRs, plant growth regulators.     

Influence of ventilation and sucrose on growth and leaf anatomy of micropropagated potato plantlets

Potato single nodes were cultured in vessels containing MS medium supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose. Vessels were closed with a clear polypropylene lid with or without 10 mm microporous polypropylene membrane. Sucrose concentration significantly increased plantlet height, shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll a content. Plantlets grown in ventilated vessels were significantly shorter, had lower shoot fresh weight and higher shoot dry weight than those in non-ventilated vessels. The highest leaf chlorophyll a content (21.83 mg/g fresh weight) was found in plantlets grown in ventilated vessels using MS medium with 20 g/l of sucrose, whereas those grown on medium with 10 g/l of sucrose had the highest chlorophyll b content (24.00 mg/g fresh weight). Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher when plantlets were grown in ventilated vessels containing medium with 10 or 30 g/l sucrose than in non-ventilated vessels. There was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content among plantlets grown in ventilated vessels with different concentrations of sucrose. Stomatal density was significantly lower when plants were grown under ventilated conditions. Leaf replica examination showed that stomata under non-ventilated condition were spherical with wide openings whereas, those in ventilated vessels were elliptical with narrow openings. Plantlets grown in non-ventilated vessels had thinner leaves and failed to build up a distinct defined upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma layer and spongy cells. On the other hand, leaves under ventilated conditions showed comparatively well organized layers with small intercellular space. The vascular system of leaves under the ventilated conditions demonstrated very well developed xylem unlike leaves under non-ventilated conditions. Thus, ventilated vessels with the 20 g/l of sucrose under ambient CO₂ in the growth room could successfully promote photomixotrophic culture and produce healthy plantlets.     

Rapid clonal propagation of rhubarb by in vitro culture of shoot-tips

In vitro culture of shoot-tips of rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) on the medium of Murashige and Skoog (1962), containing 1 mg/l of 6 benzylaminopurine and 1 mg/l of 3-indolebutyric acid, induced the development of axillary buds. Rooting was easily attained in 4–5 days by omitting the cytokinin from the basal medium. The temperature was 25 ± 1° C during the 16-h photoperiod and 20 ± 1° C during the 8-h dark period. The rooted plantlets were transplanted to soil medium with 70% success. The method described gives a multiplication rate of 5 per month.