碳分子筛气调机在金冠苹果贮藏中的应用

应用碳分子筛气调机快速降O_2前附加高CO_2处理对控制金冠苹果乙烯释放水平和保持果实品质与直接用碳分子筛气调机气调同效,在生产上应用碳分子筛气调技术没有必要附加高CO_2处理,气调帐(库)内也不必加消石灰来吸收CO_2。     

苹果双变气调贮藏理论与技术初探

本研究对苹果的气调贮藏提出了一种可以节省设施投资,能够结合利用自然低温,降低贮藏技术成本的双相变动气调贮藏理论与技术途径。试验结果表明:新红星苹果采用双相气调(10～0℃,CO_2 12～6％,O_2 3％)、青香蕉苹果采用高温(10℃)高CO_2(6或12％)气调贮藏5～6个月后的保鲜效果和营养成分均优于O℃冷藏,接近标准气调贮藏(0℃,CO_23％,O_2 3％)。试验苹果在高温高CO_2或双变气调条件下,呼吸显著减弱,乙烯发生量显著减少,果皮中的共轭三烯含量显著降低,无虎皮病发生。     

肥城桃的气调贮藏研究初报

肥城桃的贮藏保鲜以碳分子筛气调贮藏效果最好。在气调贮藏条什下,O_2浓度一定时,CO_2浓度与果肉褐变呈正相关;相同CO_2浓度下,O_2浓度增加则加剧桃果实衰老。以低氧低二氧化碳(O_23～4％、CO_22～3％)最适宜于肥城挑的气调贮藏。     

苹果双变气调生理基础的探讨

双变气调以低O_2高CO_2处理克服或抑制贮藏初期较高温度的不利影响.试验结果表明,在10—15℃高温度下低O_2高CO_2处理果实的呼吸强度和果内乙烯浓度较低;在温度和CO_2浓度协同降低后,处理果实的呼吸强度和果内乙烯浓度持续较低,其果皮α-法尼烯和共轭三烯含量明显低于冷藏对照.     

延迟和缩短苹果气调处理时间对贮藏效果的影响

 以新红星苹果为试材探讨延迟和缩短低氧气调新组合(10 ℃, 2 %O₂ + 7. 5 %CO₂) 处理时间对其贮藏效果的影响。结果表明, 贮藏123 d 时, 冷藏对照(0 ℃, 空气) 和常规气调处理(0 ℃, 3 %O₂ + 3 %CO₂) 果实的虎皮病果率分别为25. 6 %和1. 02 % , 果肉硬度分别为5. 79 和6. 52 kg/ cm², 而低氧新组合处理无虎皮病, 果肉硬度(6. 63 kg/ cm²) 显著高于冷藏对照, 而与常规气调处理无显著差异。10 ℃空气中放15 d 后再用低氧新组合处理108 d 的果实虎皮病果率6. 67 % , 果肉硬度(4. 8 kg/ cm²) 显著低于冷藏对照和常规气调处理。这些结果说明果实采后及时进行低氧气调处理是必要的。冷藏对照、常规气调处理和在10 ℃下低氧新组合处理123 d 的果实再于0 ℃空气中放58 d , 其虎皮病果率分别为46. 9 %、36. 4 %和0 , 果肉硬度分别为5. 28 、5. 21 和4. 5 kg/ cm²。在10 ℃下低氧新组合处理96 d 再冷藏的苹果, 在贮后50 d 时无虎皮病果, 果肉硬度为4. 67 kg/ cm² 。综合来看, 计划贮期约5 个月时, 10 ℃下低氧新组合处理的时间可由4 个月缩短为3. 3 个月。低氧气调新组合处理的苹果在气调期间α2法尼烯和共轭三烯的形成受到显著抑制。     

新红星苹果双相变动气调贮藏研究

以人工气调配气系统为半定量式气调手段,研究新红星苹果在变动温度与变动 CO_2浓度的双相变气调条件下的果实品质和生理生化变化.结果表明,双变气调的最佳指标是:温度从10℃渐降至0℃,CO_2从12%—15%渐降至3%,O_2为3%.在此条件下,新红星苹果贮藏185d,果肉硬度高达7.2kg·cm~(-2).能明显地抑制呼吸、原果胶水解、乙烯合成和α—法尼烯生成.     

气调贮藏中气体分离器技术的开发应用(连载之二)

出库时和在20℃下置放7天后对虎皮病和其它生理失调症进行了评估。可以明显地看出,第一期采取的果实其虎皮病发生率高,采用活性炭洗涤器气调贮藏的果实贮藏期间约55％的发生虎皮病。但在Clarksville园艺试验     

鸭梨果实气调贮藏的研究

鸭梨果实采后在20±1℃常温下具有典型的呼吸跃变过程,跃变峰过后,果实硬度有所下降,可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量在常温下23天无显著变化。 采用缓慢降温(12→0℃)结合 7-10％O_2 0％CO_2进行气调贮藏,可以显著减少鸭梨果实晚期黑心病的发生率,经213天贮藏后,7％O_2 0％CO_2,10％O_2 0％CO_2和空气对照果的果心褐变指数分别为0.075,0.075和0.192;与对照相比,气调处理可以维持较高的果肉硬度和可滴定酸含量,减少失重率,延长货架寿命,对可溶性固形物无显著影响。7％O_2 0％CO_2处理优于10％O_2 0％CO_2处理。     

气调贮藏控制虎皮病的方法

气调贮藏是控制虎皮病发生的有效非化学防治方法之一[1].尽管二苯胺和乙氧基喹是商业上应用的、有效的虎皮病抑制剂,但它们的前景不容乐观[2].近年来消费者越来越不接受化学药剂的使用,二苯胺在某些欧洲国家已被禁用,在美国也是前途未卜[3].     

苹果低氧气调新组合及其防治虎皮病的效果

以玫瑰红苹果为试材研究０℃和１０℃温度下２％Ｏ2与３％、７．５％、１２％ＣＯ２不同气调组合处理的效果。选出在０℃和１０℃下气调新组合２％Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２,其特点是Ｏ２浓度在低氧气调范围内,ＣＯ２浓度明显高于国外低氧气调。低氧气调新组合处理果实 １２１ｄ,果肉硬度和果皮叶绿素含量高于对照（Ｏ℃＋空气）,果皮α－法尼烯和共轭三烯含量显著低于对照。其中 １０℃＋ ２％ Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２处理果实再在２０℃空气中放７ ｄ或在５－７℃空气中放 １２２ ｄ后,未发现虎皮病果,０℃＋２％Ｏ２＋７．５％ＣＯ２处理果实则在５－７℃空气中再放３０ ｄ后也未发生虎皮病,说明低氧气调新组合处理可防止果实在贮后一段时间内发生虎皮病,应注意低氧气调新组合处理败后效应的利用。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.