Prospect of Chongqing Housing Market

Chongqing is the sole municipality in the west of China directly under the China central government and it is an important site for the movement of west development. This paper analyzes the present situation of Chongqing housing market and puts forward suggestions for the prospect of Chongqing housing market.     

The Causes of the Difference between Supply and Demand in the Housing Market of China and Solutio ns to the Problem

The reason for the difference between supply and demand of houses is that there is a non equilibrium in the interests of purchaser, developer and the government. In order to solve this problem, the developer should cut down the cost, the purchaser should clarify the house value and the government should build up a house property evaluation system to improve the housing market.     

Discussion on Establishment and Developmentof Policy Housing Financial System in China's Cities

China has a large population of 1.2 billion.To solve the housing problem of middle_low income families and realize a condition,under which people can live in peace and work contentedly,a policy housing financial system(PHFS)with Chinese characteristics must be established.PHFS is a special financial area.The combination of financial relationships,forms and methods related to the purchase,construction or rehabilitation of housing for middle_low income families,is the core of policy housing financial system.It has real meaning for studying theory and practice of PHFS,its role in development of housing industry,and promoting economic growth of the country,civilization and progress of the society.     

Local Government Action and Housing Industrialisation

It is the best approach of improving subsistence conditions and increasing life quality that promote sustainablization development of environment of human settlements. Housing industrialization is new increasing point of country economy or new consumption hotspot or reflects importance sign of government leading actions. This article gets pass international comparison and analysis the laws of housing industrializational developing, expounds local government action thought of forcing housing industrialization progression in China.     

Civil Servant House Subsidy Schemes of the Chinese Central Government

Based on a theoretical analysis of supply- and demand-side subsidies, the current housing subsidy schemes and practices of Chinese Central Government Departments were summarized. A discrete choice model was adopted to analyze the interrelationship between the housing subsidy choices of civil servants and impact factors. Several policy recommendations are offered for government to improve the efficiency of civil servant housing subsidy policies.     

The Housing Satisfaction of Civil Servants and Induced Policy Guiding

For designing a reasonable housing supply system for the civil servants,the sorted Multinomial Logistic Model is adopted to appraise the match-up level of current housing supply policy and the actual housing demand of the civil servants.Those unmarried,on department level and below,discontented with current housing subsidy method,or those who acquired their houses from the non-market source are likely unsatisfied with the current housing conditions.The result of the Unsorted Multinomial Logistic Model identifies the housing affordability and the housing subsidy standard as the key factors to affect the housing choice of the civil servants.The supply sources,the housing modes for the special civil servants group and the subsidy standards should be focused on when constructing the whole civil servant housing supply policy system.     

Analysis on the Status Quo of Public Rental Housing Security System of Shanxi Province

In recent years, economic has developed with the high-speed in China, which leads advance of urbanization rapidly. Development of economic expands the gap between the rich and the poor, leads to house prices rise rapidly. The housing problem is tricky for low-income people. Resolving the housing problem has become one of the hot topics in China. It is so difficult to buy a house with high rent and high price of house, and this is the common difficulties for urban low-income people. The current public housing construction has been launched in most cities, but the public housing system in Shanxi province, construction, management and future problems that exist in the operation process is worth thinking about. For public housing development status quo carries on the analysis of current, the study of public housing security system is of help, through the analysis of the problem can solve the problems existing in the public housing, to consummates our country housing guarantee system.     

Housing Credit and Insurance for Elders

As the new century approaches, the problem of aging society is confronting us. The housing market for elders is becoming a constituent of the housing market in China. It is an indisputable way that credit and insurance play roles in the process of promoting the elder's housing consumption. This paper introduces a different kind of credit-inverse mortgage, suitable for elders, and explores its characteristics and three main forms. For weak abilities of elders to resist risks, this paper also explores some insurance forms that can help elder housing consumers.     

Potential Homebuyer''s Preference in Chongqing

Manufactured Affordable Housing (MAH) is recommended to address the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market in Chongqing, which is the fourth metropolis in China and has huge housing demand due to a gigantic population of 30.6 million. A model for massive housing production needs to be developed in order to determine the potential homebuyers' preferences. A questionnaire is designed as a tool to retrieve the factors, which affect the potential home buyers' behaviour, the necessary information about their perception for the housing market, their preferences for housing, and to describe the adoption of suitable housing under the main topic of "MAH in Chongqing". This paper aims to highlight the factors that affect the purchase of housing and the preference of the potential homebuyers in Chongqing. The overall research objectives are to use the concept of MAH to examine the feasibility and viability for its use in Chongqing, and to design a suitable type of MAH for use in Chongqing, by maximizing the use of indigenous resources from the region as one of the major considerations. At this stage, investigation has been carried out to identify the basic characteristics of the construction industry in Chongqing to set the scene for the housing research. This paper is mainly to identify the potential homebuyer's preference and their demand for home purchase in Chongqing.     

中国农业清洁生产的发展现状及对策分析

农业清洁生产是农业发展的一种新模式,其目的是通过生产和使用清洁能源和原料,改善管理和监控体系,减少农产品生产过程中的各种污染,以满足农业生产的需要。介绍了农业清洁生产的概念及背景意义、农业清洁生产的目标,以美国、欧盟国家和日本为例介绍了国外农业清洁生产的发展现状,从种植业和畜牧业两方面阐述了中国农业清洁生产的发展现状,提出中国农业清洁生产存在的问题：（1）法律法规不完善,政策制定缺乏充分认知和参与;（2）政策扶持力度不够,资金投入不足;（3）清洁生产技术规范不统一、推广机制不完善。最后提出中国农业清洁生产的对策：（1）加大对农业清洁生产的宣传,树立社会公众的清洁生产意识;（2）加强对农业自然资源的合理利用和保护;（3）大力促进农业企业的清洁生产,从更深层解决污染防治问题;（4）加强畜牧业清洁生产工作,调整产业结构;（5）增强农产品安全意识,加大对高品质农产品生产的扶持力度。     

农村宅基地闲置时空变化特征研究-以文登为例

本文在实地调研基础上，运用历史回顾方法探讨了文登市农村宅基地闲置的变化特征，结果发现:(1)1990－1996年间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积的扩展以点状扩展为主；(2)1996－2006期间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积以面状扩展为主；（3）在1990－1996－2006时段内，文登农村宅基地闲置扩展贡献率和增长率变化最大的是环山办、汪疃镇和龙山办地区；（4）人口减少、经济发展以及宅基地管理政策不完善，是文登农村宅基地闲置扩展的主因；最后认为加强农村宅基地管理、实现宅基地流转，是农村建设用地集约利用的必然。     

民族水产种业转型升级政策路径探讨

中国是水产养殖产量大国,但与大多数发达国家相比中国水产种业不强。为应对国内外新形势,亟需做强民族水产种业,进而推进中国渔业的转型升级,笔者从法律法规与理论体系、科技创新与人才体系、工程建设与核心示范体系、产业发展与进出口状况4 个方面系统梳理了当前民族水产种业的基本情况;从顶层设计、扶持政策、科技创新、经营主体、市场环境5 个角度分析了当前民族水产种业发展中存在的主要问题。最后探讨并提出了民族水产种业转型升级的政策路径,即优化顶层设计、丰富扶持策略、转变评价方法、坚持以人为本、加强种业监管,以期为产业发展和相关政策完善提供参考。     

Instruments for Shifting the Risks of China's Housing Finance

In order to shift the risks of housing finance, thus support the development of housing finance in China, this paper puts forward two patterns of instrument for shifting the risks: market transaction and non-market promise on a voluntary basis.     

中国的经济环境政策及退耕还林还草政策取向

在对中国环境经济政策内涵及作用分析的基础上,针对西欧环境经济政策成功的经验及对中国的启示：政府与农户签订长期合同、发放补助金和实施减免税政策等。并结合中国西部地区退耕还林的调研结果述评,提出了中国退耕还林政策的取向：实行长期的补贴政策、尊重农户意愿、改善林业投资环境、对退耕还林成果实行产业化经营运作等。     

Main Influences of Credit and Loan Adjustment Policy on the Real Estate Enterprises and Their Countermeasures

In conjunction with the current situation of the real estate market in China, the main influence caused by the credit and loan adjustment policy is analyzed. On this basis, it has proposed some suggestions on how to strengthen the competitiveness and ability to resist risk of the real estate enterprise. At the end, it is emphasized, that the credit and loan adjustment policy not only makes the enterprise under enormous pressure, but provides a great opportunity of reducing rivals and expanding its own scale to those really powerful real estate enterprises. The real estate enterprise should seize this opportunity to meet the challenge to expand and strengthen itself.     

Innovation and Development in Modular Industrialised Housing

The total requirement for affordable new housing in the world is extremely large, and in many countries presents major challenges to local building industries which-if they continue to use traditional building methods-will be unable to supply what is needed in terms of quantity, quality, performance or cost. In Europe, since the end of the Second World War, there have been numerous attempts to mass produce housing-mainly in order to build faster, overcome skills shortages and cut costs. The majority of those methods were based on the use of concrete and, for a variety of reasons, in the UK many of them performed badly [almost half the concrete tower blocks built in Britain the 1960s and 70s have already been demolished or are scheduled for demolition]. In the mid 1970's the Greater London Council [GLC]-already disenchanted by their experience of precast concrete building methods-experimented with volumetric/modular steel housing, and built a demonstration block of modular flats in the Borough of Hackney. The results were highly encouraging, but the programme was terminated when the GLC was closed down. However, that modular housing work attracted the attention of several large hotel chains that then used modular building techniques to construct several hundred budget price hotels in the UK. Today attitudes towards modular building methods have changed considerably, particularly among major developers. Most new hotels now incorporate pod bathrooms and large numbers of university students are being accommodated in new modular halls of residence. New material combinations and module production techniques have further increased the many advantages offered by modular construction, particularly in terms of higher acoustic performance and lower cost. The success of recent high profile modular housing projects in the UK and other EC countries bodes well for modular housing in Europe, and the PATH advanced housing technology initiative in the USA suggests modular is also poised to take off there in a big way. Modular housing could soon become a major international industry.     

Low-rent House-Real Choice for Help to the Urban Vulnerable Groups in House Needs

This paper analyzes the urban vulnerable groups in house needs, as well as housing security policy; the conclusion is to carry out low-rent house system. Furthermore, the shortcoming lies in system, fund, object, quantity and information nowadays is pointed out. The countermeasures perfecting the low rent house system are presented. There is a strategy named "helps to others and oneself" to realize a policy that the powerful and the vulnerable groups must have symbiotic development, to form steady normative source of insurance fund, to play an effective role in low rent house stock, to establish managerial mechanism which all the departments are on duty, to build system from low rent house application to its supervision, to take the manner of rent allowance, to perfect correlative policy of low rent house and house security.     

Empirical Analysis on Stock Market and Real Estate Market Wealth Effect in China

Based on the Modigliani's Life-Cycle Hypothesis of consumption,and relevant data,the paper empirically studies stock market and real estate market wealth effect in China by using the method of unit root test and cointegrating regression.The results show that,regardless of short-run effect and long-run effect,the stock market wealth has significantly negative effect on civil' consumption level,but real estate market wealth or housing market wealth has significantly positive effect on civil' consumption level.     

Study on Institutional Defect of Mortgage-Backed Securitization and Countermeasures in China

Mortgage-backed securities(MBS),originated in the U.S.and introduced into China in 2005,is a vehicle for real estate finance.This paper describes their history,mechanism,development,theory and experiences in the USA and other countries.In China,the real estate finance is partitioned into four stages: first,non-finance stage(1949-1977);second,sprouting stage(1978-1997);third,inceptive stage(1998-2004) and the fourth,developing stage(2005-),and it is distinguished from the finance of Real Estate Development firm.The differences between them are in following aspects: object,objective,mode and risk.This paper analyzes the institutional defects in view of the policy environment,the primary market of MBS,the secondary market of MBS,and offers countermeasures: first,setting up National Housing Mortgage Management Institution,second,enlarging the service scope of housing mortgage-backed loan,third,differential loaning,fourth,regularly issuing the pricing of housing construction;fifth,normalizing the institutional investors.     

世界大麦生产、贸易特征及对我国的影响与启示

摘要：中国啤酒大麦进口量连续多年占到了国内需求量的50%以上,国际大麦市场的诸多变动都将给中国大麦及啤酒产业带来重大影响。本文总结分析了世界大麦生产贸易格局变动以及啤酒大麦主要出口国的发展特征,在此基础上探讨了对中国的影响与启示。主要结论为：世界大麦生产、出口非常集中,进口相对分散,容易产生市场波动和价格垄断;啤酒大麦的出口市场主要由澳大利亚、加拿大和欧盟主导,其生产和贸易波动较大;“大国效应”能够起到“调节阀”的作用,我国可以利用进口大国地位获取价格话语权;我国大麦生产应该以“质”取胜,而不是以“量”取胜,国产大麦和进口大麦共存的局面将长期维持。关键词：大麦 啤酒 生产 贸易