Study Of Three-Point Bending Marble Beam Elastoplastic Damage

An elastoplastic damage constitutive model based on incremental theory is deduced in strain space.A mesoscopic numerical model to study the progressive failure process and the nonlinear mechanical behavior of heterogeneous rock is established in combination with an elastoplastic damage constitutive for rock mesoscopic element.The failure elements deleting method is used to simulate crack propagation in program.The calculation results achieved by numerical simulation and practical projects application agree well with those of in-situ tests,which illuminates that elastoplastic damage mesoscopic model could reflect local plastic characteristics of fractured rock masses.Three-dimension marble model is more reflect mesoscopic failure than two-dimension model.The failure element deleting method is good at showing explicitly crack propagation.It is proven that the numerical model is right and feasible.The failure elements deleting method solves the difficult problem of FEM to simulate the propagation.The model and method might be valid in practical projects.     

Deformation of Soft Ground with Consideration of the Concomitant Damage

On the basis of continuum damage mechanics theory, the effective stress theory of damaged porous media was presented and its modified self contained seepage differential equation was deduced. The traditional Drucker Prager yield criterion subsequently was modified, and a coupled seepage and damage finite element computer program compiled that was combined with the modified Biot consolidation equation. A simple roadbed foundation model then was analyzed and calculated using the computer program we compiled, and the typical node settlement, pore pressure, and damage variables were discussed and compared with those from the analytic solution. The results show that the damage finite element program we compiled is reasonable and effective.     

Numerical simulation and experimental analysis for process parameters of cold straightener

This paper focuses on the design of eleven rollers straightener. An elastic plastic FEM model is introduced to cope with the difficulty of pre estimating the performance of straightening during the design process. To obtain straightening force, stress, strain, elastic plastic ratio, relations between reduction amount of roller and roughness of plate per square meter, a three dimensional element model is established and straightening process is simulated. In addition, an experiment is conducted to measure the reduction amount of roller and the roughness of plate per square meter. It is shown that the results of numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental results. The developed computing model can provide essential references for the optimization of straightener.     

The influence of sensitive gate structure parameters of strain gauge on measurement accuracy

The systematic error of resistance strain sensor is caused by strain transmission error that differs with different parameters of the sensitive gate structure in the measurement process. The paper establishes a measure model that is made up with a cantilever beam(the measured matrix),the binder and some strain wires, then studies the influence of different sensitive gate structure parameters on the measurement result using finite element method(FEM)and the effectiveness of FEM is validated by a comparison with experimental results at the end. The results of the FEM analysis show that in the matrix strain passing the gate length and the gate spacing have intermediate optimal values,and that the smaller the grid diameter is,the smaller the strain transmission error becomes. Besides,the relative errors corresponding to different structural parameters are also given based on the FEM analysis,which provide effective reference for the selection of structural parameters and the appropriate error compensation in the process of measurement.     

红层泥岩桩岩接触面本构模型试验及数值模拟

桩-岩（土）接触面力学特性的研究是桩基承载机理研究的基础。通过红层泥岩桩岩接触面大型直剪试验,研究了红层泥岩桩岩接触面的力学特性,结果表明：接触面剪应力先随剪切位移增大而增大,在达到峰值后,剪应力随着剪切位移增大而降低,并最终趋于稳定值,应力应变曲线呈现出应变软化的特征。根据剪切试验结果,推导出桩岩接触面应变软化本构方程。利用fish语言对FLAC^3D中自带的理想弹塑性接触单元进行二次开发,并应用开发的模型对桩岩接触面直剪试验进行了数值模拟,分析剪应力与剪切位移之间的关系,证明了该本构能够较好地模拟接触面间的应变软化特性。     

植物根系固土作用模型研究进展

植物根系固土作用模型研究已历经近40年,从简单的极限平衡模型到复杂的有限元和离散元数值模型,已发展到10余种。总结这些根系固土作用模型不仅对揭示根系加固土壤作用的力学机制和分析林地边坡的稳定性具有重要意义,对根系固土作用模型未来的研究方向也具有积极指导意义。笔者对根系固土作用模型分2部分进行综述,第一部分主要介绍根系固土作用的理论模型,包括：Wu模型、倾斜根系模型、位移模型、纤维束模型、根束增强模型和能量模型,以及这些模型的应用条件、模型优缺点、适用范围等。第二部分主要综述根系固土作用的数值模型,包括：有限元数值模型、离散元数值模型和造林边坡稳定性分析数值模型,并详细比较了有限元与离散元数值模型的优缺点和在造林边坡稳定性分析上的应用。最后探讨了目前根系固土作用模型研究中存在的不足以及未来的发展方向。     

Nonlinear Stiffness Matrices of Plane Beam Element Including Initial Stress and Strain Item

There were often happened cases for beam elements with initial stress or initial strain while the geometrically nonlinear analysis was performed for the plane structure. The deduction of stiffness matrices was awfully difficult because the nonlinear stiffness matrices included node displacement vectors and extensive matrix operations. Based on the nonlinear geometric equation of plane beam element and general elastic relationship of stress-strain including initial stress and initial strain,the tangent stiffness matrix was derived. All explicit formula of stiffness matrices including initial stress and strain item have been developed by use of the MATLAB Mathematical Tools. The results are of great significance to the nonlinear finite element programming for plane beam elements.     

Analyses of Interlayer Stresses and Strain Transfer in Smart Laminated Structures

A new model is proposed to analyze the strain/stress transfer relation between host materials and piezoceramic sensors/actuators under bending and axial stress loading. The finite thickness of the adhesive is taken into account. The physical layers of the piezoceramic, adhesive and structure material are further subdivided into thinner layers as fine as necessary in order to improve the accuracy of stress analysis. In each thin layer the in-plane stresses are assumed to vary linearly across the thickness. By satisfying equilibrium equations, constitutive equations and displacement-strain relations, all components of stress, strain and displacement can be expressed as functions of the in-plane forces and the moments of the thin layers. The differential equations governing the in-plane forces and the moments are obtained. Then, this analytical model is used to predict strain transfer from the structure material to the sensor. It is found, both experimentally and theoretically, that the axial strain of the host material is considerably larger than the strain of the sensor, which is directly related to the output voltage. By introducing the so-called strain transfer factor, a relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the strain of the measured material is derived. The model is used to predict interlayer stress distributions and strain transfer, which are induced by actuator strain. The result was compared with existing experiments and FEM. There is stress concentration between the actuator and adhesive around the edge of the smart structures, which may cause debonding under high stress loading.     

A 3D Visco elasto plastic Finite Element Analysis of the Asphalt Pavement Rutting Deformation

Based on the dynamic action between vehicles and pavement, a simplified model of vehicle dynamic loading caused by surface evenness was established. This research made it possible to find a Asphalt Pavement Rutting Prediction method based on the theory of visco elasto plasticity which is the basic theory of the dynamics, and finite element method (FEM). Asphalt pavement rutting was calculated and predicted, and the factors influencing rutting were analyzed and calculated. The good agreement between the calculation results and the testing road data indicate that the rutting prediction method is reasonable and reliable.     

Earthquake Response Properties of the Support Structure of Large Cross Section Tunnel

The response properties of displacement and stress of tunnel support structure are discussed in detail under the action of horizontal earthquake acceleration(Ya),longitudinal earthquake acceleration(Za) and horizontal-longitudinal earthquake acceleration(YZa).This discussion is based on an analysis of the surrounding rock-support structure-earthquake interaction,adoption of an ADINA nonlinear finite element and construction mechanics,and transient dynamic time domain analysis of a large cross section tunnel.Results of analysis show that:(1) Horizontal earthquake acceleration has important influence on horizontal displacement,maximum principal stress,acceleration and velocity.(2) Longitudinal earthquake acceleration has important influence on longitudinal displacement,effective stress,maximum and minimum principal stress,maximum shear stress,acceleration and velocity.(3) When Ya=0.191g and 0.440g or Za=0.141g and their combined action,the initial support of tunnel would be damaged and the local lining would have partial damage.(4) When Ya=0.440g or Za=0.326g and their combined action,the lining of tunnel would be damaged.(5) When Ya=0.880g or l Za=0.652g,the support structure of tunnel would have severe damage.     

Dynamic characteristic analysis of an all terrain vehicle body

The body is a key part of all terrain vehicles (ATV). Its dynamic characteristics greatly effect the vibration of the ATV assembly. Simulation and experimental methods are combined to analyze ATV body vibration characteristics. A computer aided design(CAD) model is built using UG4.0. A finite element method(FEM) model of an ATV body and a body with an engine are created using Hypermesh. The FEM model is imported to Msc.Nastran to calculate the free mode. The simulation model is verified by the experimental modal result. The results indicate that after the frame with engine, the first bending mode increases due to the engine increasing the body stiffness, while the first torsion mode decreases due to the engine mass. The effects on the dynamic response of the road and engine excitation are analyzed respectively. Vibration characteristic improvement methods and suggestions regarding the body are provided.     

Effect of Reinforcement Beam Sticking Different Layers Steel

This paper constituted the FEM(finite element method) model of sticky steel reinforcement beam and the model was used to analyze the reinforcement effect of the beam sticking different layers'' steel plate. The result shows two layers of steel is better than others, which agrees with theoretic analysis. It illuminate that the FEM model is in point for sticky steel reinforcement beam without crack.     

Calculation of the ampacity of XLPE power cable based on FEM and analysis of the influential factors

Based on the principle of heat transfer theory and finite element method (FEM), a model for power cable thermal field and ampacity computation has been developed by adopting the soil region division method. The soil region around the cable is divided according to the difference of the soil thermal resistance. Based on the structural parameters of XLPE cable and the physical parameter of the laying area, different layers temperature distribution of XLPE cable is analyzed through the model, and the dichotomy is employed to calculate the cable ampacity. Comparing the calculated result by this method with the calculation by the standard, shows that compared to IEC60287 standard, the model has high-accuracy and is more convenient to the external environment. Through simulation example, the corresponding relationship between the influencing factors and the cable ampacity is obtained, which provides important theoretical basis for the optimization of the cable laying.     

Full-Scale Test and Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Column Node in Space Truss Structure

To investigate mechanical behavior and seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular column node (CFSTCN) in space truss structure, both full-scale test and Finite Element Method (FEM) were employed. The test load was 1.6 times of design load and by incremental step loading. Meanwhile, stress and deformation in CFSTCN were observed to monitor bearing capacity of the node. The results show that steel tubular works in elastic state and a small part of concrete beyond of compressive stress limits; steel tube and concrete adhesive well. The hysteretic energy dissipation capacity and failure mode under cyclic loading were revealed by nonlinear FEM. weakest position and ultimate bearing capacity of the node were obtained from FEM results. The method of combining full-scale test and FEM can well reveal the mechanical behavior and the seismic behavior of the node.     

Dynamic Finite Element Model Updating of Prestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridge Based on Real-Coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic finite element model (FEM) of a prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge (PCCGB), named Zhangjiagang river main bridge, was established and updated based on the results of field ambient modal testing using real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA), which objective function was defined based on frequency index and correlation coefficient index for evaluating the updated FEM. The dynamic FEM of the bridge was updated based on seven experimental modal parameters. The prediction ability of the updated FEM were evaluated based on three experimental modal parameters. The updated results and prediction ability of updated FEMs indicated that they can reflect adequately the dynamic characteristics of actual PCCGB by using the above objective function and RAGA.     

A Constitutive Model for Structured Clays based onTwo Different Types of Overconsolidation

Structure has a major influence on the stress strain relation of soil, which implies that the constitutive model should reflect the its structure. Based on the investigation , the over consolidation (OC) of the soils was made up of two different types, which were structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And then the structure induced OC and stress induced OC were united. Structure induced OC index was used to represent the degree of structure and the cam clay model was extended. The shape of the yield surface was the same as cam clay model, whise the size was equal to the sum of the structure induced OC and stress induced OC. And the change in size of the yield surface was decerminated by the volume harden function and the structural damage function. The associated flow rule was adopted in the model. Afterwards constitutive model for structured clays was presented. The concept of the model is clear and the parameters are simple. The ability of the model is good by firstly application and it can describe the character of the structured soils.     

Stress wave effect in numerical simulation on rock breaking under high pressure water jet

The evolvement of rock damage struck by a high pressure water jet is characterized by nonlinear properties, thus making it a complicated dynamic problem. Based on a nonlinear finite element and elastic plasticity theory, a computational model was established. The dynamic load striking the rock by a high pressure water jet was simulated by the dynamic contact method. Furthermore, the propagation of a stress wave in the same rock was simulated at different impact velocities. The results show that the propagation velocity of a stress wave is proportional to the impact velocity of the high pressure water jet. The effects of a stress wave in sandstone and coal impacted by high pressure water jets of the same velocity were simulated.The effect of a stress wave in coal was stronger than in sandstone, while the region of propagation of stress wave in coal was smaller.     

A Cosserat Theory-based Numerical Simulation of an Underground Cavern in Layered Rock Mass

Conventional equivalent continuum theory poorly interprets the bending deformations and damage phenomena encountered in rock engineering because the theory ignores the influence of gradient stress.The influence of the bending effect on deformation characteristics of the media has been considered in Cosserat continuum theory which introduces the concepts of coupled stress and bending curvature.The basic principle of Cosserat medium theory and its expanded constitutive model were introduced firstly.Next,a numerical simulation of an underground cavern was carried out using FLAC software.After this,the results of the Cosserat model and explicit joint model were compared.The simulation results not only displayed the bending deformation of layered rock mass well,but also demonstrated the validity and superiority of the Cosserat expanded model.     

Quantitative analysis of damage extent of transmission tower by using strain energy method

In order to solve the structural damage identification problem of transmission tower, a two-step identification method based on change rate and dissipation rate of modal strain energy is proposed. The damage location is identified by the change rate of modal strain energy method. Then, the modal strain energy dissipation rate theory is analyzed further by using the element stiffness matrix after injury. As a result, a more accurate damage quantification equation method is introduced. This method requires only several modals of vibration. The numerical simulation results show that this two-step method can find the damage location and damage degree of transmission towers effectively.