Comparative Study of Construction Project Letters of Guarantee in P. R. China and the United States

A construction project letter of guarantee is used as financial credit to insure the smooth project execution. The construction project letter of guarantee system developed over one hundred years in the United States where a comprehensive system has been established. It is proven that the system played a vital role in controlling construction industry risk in the U.S. In contrast, the system developed later in P. R. China but has played an increasing role in the Chinese construction industry. Based on a discussion of the structure, meaning and condition of the letter of guarantee system in the U.S., a suitable framework is sought to promote development of the letter of guarantee system in the Chinese construction industry.     

The Relationship between Land Scale for Constructionand Social Economic Development

I studied land use under the macroscopic background of rapid urbanization in P. R. China. Currently, there are many problems in land use which restrict the urbanization development. Therefore, I hope to discover existing problems, find out the dynamic law of land use, analyze the affecting factors, and probe into the counter-measures and ways to prohibit the short term use and blind development in land use in the urbanization process. I analyze the relationship between construction land, macroeconomic indicators and social development. I mainly analyze data about construction land, GDP, fixed assets, industry, real estate, traffic, and more. I conclude by pointing out their interrelationships.     

Impact on China''s Construction Industry after Accession of China to WTO and Countermeasures

China's construction industry is confronting with the impacts and challenges with the China's entry into the WTO. With the further opening to the outside world, the competition of China's construction industry becomes more and more intensive. Under such circumstance, the only way to adapt to the post-WTO environment for China's construction industry is to promote such works as regulation integrity, industrial structure adjustment and enterprise innovation. In order to promote and speed up the development of China's construction industry, it is realistic to analyze both the advantages and disadvantages with the accession of China to WTO and take corresponding countermeasures.     

Significance of Construction Guarantee Institution to Risk Management in China

Construction guarantee institution is a risk management means to disperse or remove each party's risk. The guarantor makes a promise in written form to the party in right under guarantee's demand to fulfill what the guarantee is requested in construction contract, if the guarantee cannot do it. In developed countries and regions, the construction guarantee is an important part of social guarantee system in construction engineering and has been developed amply. Beginning with the methods of risk management, this paper introduces and analyzes the important statue of guarantee in construction industry in risk management over the world and provides some advice on how to carry out the guarantee in our construction industry.     

Investigation on the Theory and Means of Construction Tendering and Bidding in the Period of Economy Transition

The tendering and bidding of engineering construction is a means, which makes use of the function of market mechanism to carry on or transmit the project.It has a history over one hundred years abroad, but it is used in China with great force only twenty years.Because actualizing construction tendering and bidding goes with the reform of market mechanism, the fashion of construction tendering and bidding in China is different from that customarily used internationally and there are many differences in means and procedures.In this paper, beginning with the theory of tendering and bidding, the premises of the first-price-sealed tendering and the current condition of China are compared and the means and development objects of tendering in the period of national economy transition are discussed.Finally, some problems and strategies to the problems of the mold of tendering of bill quantity of construction works are discussed.     

An Analysis on the Altitude of Industrial Structure of Chongqing

To supply an even more amplitude background for the analysis on the quality of the structure of Chongqing, this paper analyzed the altitudes of employment structure and production value structure among three industry structures in Chongqing, then an static and dynamic comparison with other countries of DIFFERENT levels on the basis of grasping Chongqing's status in Western Area. An structural explanation of ChongQing's economy development stage aiming at giving an even more amplitude background to analyze the essence of its industrial structure.     

Investment Choice for the Tail Part of Real Estate Based on a Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

As the real estate industry in P. R. China developed rapidly in recent years and the housing price constantly rose, the Tail Part of Real Estate (TPRE) became a new investment option for shrewd investors due to its huge profit possibilities. We appraise the investment values of different TPREs and provide the investor with scientific decision making support regarding the selection of TPREs. We introduce the TPRE concept and analyze the causes and factors influencing TPRE formation. We construct a mathematical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to analyze the investment options for TPREs. We provide an example showing how to analyze the TPRE investment choices using our method provided herein. It could be a good reference for the investors in choosing a TPRE for investment.     

Application of CIMS in the Quality Management of Building Enterprises

Application fields of CIMS and related technologies have become more and more wider,especially in manufacturing industry,but there isn't paid an attention to value in construction industry.This paper expounds the great functions of CIMS on improving the comprehensive competitive capabilities and quality of construction of building enterprises, as breakthrough with quality management and control of building engineering. On the basis of throughly analyzing the feasibility and necessarility of application of CIMS in construction enterprises,combining with the practical conditions of construction industry,it puts forward the point that CIMS's rope theory applied in manufacturing industry popularizes to construction industry. With making full use of the present conditions and combining with integrations of information and function of CIMS, the construction enterprises will set up CAQ systems of building engineering which are suitable for the practical conditions of China.     

Potential Homebuyer''s Preference in Chongqing

Manufactured Affordable Housing (MAH) is recommended to address the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market in Chongqing, which is the fourth metropolis in China and has huge housing demand due to a gigantic population of 30.6 million. A model for massive housing production needs to be developed in order to determine the potential homebuyers' preferences. A questionnaire is designed as a tool to retrieve the factors, which affect the potential home buyers' behaviour, the necessary information about their perception for the housing market, their preferences for housing, and to describe the adoption of suitable housing under the main topic of "MAH in Chongqing". This paper aims to highlight the factors that affect the purchase of housing and the preference of the potential homebuyers in Chongqing. The overall research objectives are to use the concept of MAH to examine the feasibility and viability for its use in Chongqing, and to design a suitable type of MAH for use in Chongqing, by maximizing the use of indigenous resources from the region as one of the major considerations. At this stage, investigation has been carried out to identify the basic characteristics of the construction industry in Chongqing to set the scene for the housing research. This paper is mainly to identify the potential homebuyer's preference and their demand for home purchase in Chongqing.     

Quality Control in the Whole Course of Capital Construction

Based on summing up the practice of the capital construction in China and through using the advanced experience of the construction management in the developed countries for reference, a new concept and corresponding measures have been presented in this paper. Due to various problems now in the quality management in China, these suggestions aim at strengthening the quality supervision and quality control in the whole course of the capital construction.     

Measurement and Analysis of Industrial Productivity of Chongqing

Productivity is the most basic index to measure efficacy of a production system in industrial economy. The measurement of productivity is the first step of its management. With the huge push of Reform and Opening,industrial economy of Chongqing is keeping a steady growth.The authors use production function to measure the industrial productivity of Chongqing from 1979 to 1999,and analyze its developing trend.     

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.     

Present Situation and Developing Strategy of Urban Subway Construction in P. R. China

Urbanization in P. R. China inevitably boosts the development of urban subways. By summarizing the present situation of subway in China's major cities, we analyzed the formation and development of subway economics from the standpoint of urban subway development and forecast the arrival of a subway age. As a sunrise industry, the subway industry is the most promising with large market in the Chinese transportation infrastructure. Finally, a strategy of sustainable development for urban subways was put forward.     

Price Regulation Model of Natural Monopolistic Industry in China

Because of the specialty of natural monopolistic industry, it occupies a very important position in national e-conomy, and government pays much more attention to its price regulation all the time. After pointing out the problems of price regulation of Chinese natural monopolistic industry, the article analyzes and comments on price cap regulation of developed countries, puts forward its advantage and disadvantage, and compares it to rate of return regulation. Finally on the base of them and considering Chinese reality, it classifies natural monopolistic industry according to certain standard, and designs price regulation model of the industry with Chinese characters.     

Optimizing insulation thickness of external walls for residential buildings

Many residential buildings use externally insulated wall structures in Chongqing, P.R. China. The process of determining the economic insulation thickness was based on degree days and present worth factor when wall structure adopted different insulation materials. The optimal economic insulation thickness was related to the region of the building, air conditioning operating time, and price of insulation material. Insulation materials with better thermal performance have a shorter payback time and wider prospects for application.     

Discussion on the Application Range of the PMV Equation

With the attention to the comfort degree of living environment, the phenomenon of making use of the PMV -PPD index within the ISO7730 standard to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort degree is more and more widespread. Many papers about indoor thermal environment are based on the PMV - PPD index as the reference or basis to research and analyze. But few people understand and pay attention to the application range of the PMV - PPD index. So some people misuse and abuse the PMV index and deduce some inaccurate conclusions. In this thesis, based on the analysis of the process of deducing PMV equation, the phenomenon that PMV index is different from the fact in the high temperature condition is explained; furthermore the application range of the PMV equation is confirmed. So to obtain the scientific and reasonable evaluation and conclusion in the process of research of the thermal comfort degree can be ensured.     

Experience of Overseas Countryside Development and Construction of “Beautiful Countryside” in Zhejiang

Countryside development paths and phase characters of typical developed countries and regions were analyzed,such as the East Asian Model(Japan and South Korea),and Western European Model(Germany and the Netherlands).The former is based on the big gap between urban and rural development,and the latter is based on the balanced development of urban and rural areas,both of them achieved the world’s leading level of countryside construction.In Zhejiang Province,"China’s Beautiful Countryside"represented by Anji,and"Zhejiang Green Agricultural Product Base"represented by Xianju emerged in the county level.Motivation mechanisms for countryside development in China and abroad were analyzed,including industrial system,infrastructure,ecological environment,and local culture.     

Product Market Competition and the Evolution of Family Business

This paper tries to analyze the mechanism of the evolution of family business based on the product market by constructing the simple model. The analysis indicates that the evolution of family business is the tactic conduct of owner obtaining the competitive dominance and that the entrance rampart of industry is an important parameter affecting organization evolution. The organization evolution in different industry is different because of the difference of the entrance rampart of industry. On the basis of the analysis, the authors consider the organization evolution based on industry support and then make basic conclusions.     

A Comparative Study of European and American PublicHousing Policies and Its Findings

I studied the similarities and differences of public housing policy between European countries and the United States using historic and comparative methods. Public housing policy was put in place in postwar European countries and the U.S. Differences in the policies of these countries were that the European policy intervened in the housing market directly and thoroughly but the American policy intervened in the housing market indirectly by financial and revenue means. The key finding is that housing in P. R. China is an important part of the people's livelihood and the government should not completely pass responsibility for providing it to the market. China should set up its own public housing policy and change the mode of land supply and housing manufacturing. China also should adopt multiplicative means, including direct government investment and encouraging the social anticipation and planning adjustment to guarantee the housing rights of middle-and-low-income households.     

Short-and Long-Term Effects of the Construction Industry on the Economy Growth

The construction industry could be developed as a pillar industry of the national economy,since it has a strong pulling role in economic growth.However,little definite empirical evidence supports this argument.Using co-integration and Granger causality tests and error-correction model with taking Sichuan for an example,this article studies both short-term and long-term effects of the construction industry on the economy growth.Empirical tests show that in the long term the economy maintained equilibrium relations with the construction industry.A growth in the construction industry will lead to the economic growth;however the pulling role of the construction industry on the economy is limited.A growth in the construction industry will not predict economic growth in the short run.Thus,for Sichuan case the government is unable to stimulate the economy by focusing on development of the construction industry in the short run.Instead,in order to promote long-term development of the national economy it could implement stable and healthy development policies for the construction industry.