Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

Supplying the City of Shenzhen, P. R. China with Water of Differing Quality

The pattern of supplying water of differing quality using sewage recycling,and its implementation as a strategy,are discussed through an analysis of the water shortage situation in the city of Shenzhen,P.R.China. Supplying Shenzhen with water of varying quality is proposed as a concept.The necessity and feasibility of such a water supply pattern are expounded.The pattern of water supply in Shenzhen city consists of a main water supply system and non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling.In addition,the proposal also includes using seawater and rainwater.The non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling would be used primarily in large industrial parks outside the special economic zone and in other areas around the parks.Supplying Shenzhen with water of differing qualities embodies the concepts of sewage reused as a resource and of the recycling economy.This proposal also satisfies the requirement for urban sustainable development.     

Research on and Improvement Measures for Building Volume of Residential Quarters in Chongqing, P. R. China

Through research and analysis on residential quarters in five large core zones in the city of Chongqing,P.R.China,it is found there are higher building volumes,smaller exploiting scale,and monotonous building forms in completed residential quarters.This leads to a series of problems influencing the living environment quality,including a low green cover rate,small open spaces,short distances between buildings,and insufficient natural daylight and aeration.By analyzing the influence of high building volumes on social consciousness,economic benefits,environmental hygiene and safety,this paper brings forward some improvement measures aimed at the problems in residential quarter construction in Chongqing.     

Frost Heave Tests for the Bedding Materials of Face Rockfill Dam in Pushihe, P. R. China

To insure the safe performance of rockfill dam faces in cold seasons, frost tests were carried out at a consistent empirical freezing speed of 20mm/day to study the frost susceptibility of the bedding materials. The influence of gradation, fine particle content, water content, and surcharge of the bedding material on frost heaving were obtained. When fine particle content was below 12%, there was no or only weak frost heaving. Frost increased linearly as fine particle content rose. When the fine particle content was fixed, the linear relationship between the water content and the frost heaving changed with the gradations. Typical water content of 7.5%, fine particle content of 12%, and concrete face density of 59g/cm3 are suggested for the bedding material to avoid frost damage.     

Quantitative Appraisement of the Carrying Capacity of an Urban-rural System in a Rapidly Developing Coastal Region: A Case Study of Hainan Province, P. R. China

Research on carrying capacity as an important indicator describing the state of regional urban rural systems is quite important. Based on an analysis of urban rural system elements characteristics and mechanism, mathematical models were established to evaluate regional comprehensive carrying capacity and development expenditure level. These models were applied to a case study of Hainan Province, P. R. China, using statistical data from 1995 to 2005. The conclusions are as follows: (1) During this period, the carrying capacity of the regional urban rural system in Hainan fluctuated, and the capacity was overloaded from 1995 to 1998, under loaded from 1999 to 2001, and overloaded again from 2002 to 2005. (2) The degree of coordination between the regional natural and socioeconomic carrying systems is 0.60, three times the regional multiple carrying capacity. Both the socio economic and natural carrying capacities rose unsteadily, averaging 0.30 and 0.11, respectively. (3) The contribution of various carrying factors to regional multiple carrying capacity is quite different. Carrying capacity factors include socio economic development, human resources, imports, environmental and resource possession. Their average rates of contribution were 31.40%, 22.71%, 18.79%, 13.64% and 13.45%, respectively. (4) From 1995 to 2004, economic development expenditures were the principal part of all regional expenditures, the contributing 61.88%. In 2005, export expenditures exceeded economic development expenditures, becoming an important part of the all regional expenditures.     

Preservation and Use of the Historic Sites from the War of Resistance against Japan in Chongqing, P. R. China

Chongqing was the temporary Chinese capital during the War of Resistance against Japan. The historic sites related to this war are regionally valuable. They not only continue Chongqings historical arrangement with their historical, cultural and tourism values, but also enrich the urban humanities landscape. However, with the rapid urbanization of Chongqing, the current preservation and use of these sites is quite worrisome. It is important to harmonize the relationship between the preservation and use of these sites. Based on an analysis of the value and preservation status of these sites, some measures and strategies are offered to preserve and reuse these valuable historic sites.     

A GIS-Based Study of the Pollution Load of Adsorbed Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Jialing River Basin, P. R. China

Some reasonable and suitable methods for factor calculation of the equation were chosen based on the American Universal Soil Loss equation,the characteristics of the Jialing River basin in P.R.China,and related research results.The soil erosion and loss in each hydrological unit of the basin were estimated using GIS.Employing the non-point source adsorbed nutrition load model,the loads of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the average sediment transportation module in the Jialing River Basin in recent years is 161.94 t/(km2a),and the loads of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are 29 620.8 t/a and 1 391.96 t/a,respectively,at the watershed outlet(Beibei hydrologic station).Adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are serious in the Bailong River and Xihanshui basins.The descending order of land type with adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus loss modulus is as follows: wild land,bush,turf,field,city and forest.     

Urban Design for Continuity of the Urban Context: A Case Study of Landscape Conceptual Design on Both Banks of the Tuojiang River in Luzhou, P. R. China

Luzhou is a famous wine country and a historical city in P. R. China. Insuring the continuity of urban context is an effective method for creating a distinctive image of a city. Considering the authenticity, sustainable development, enforceability and regional differences of urban contexts, it is an appropriate way to extract the original urban context and adopt a proper design method that combines humanized nature, material culture, and intangible culture to form an area with cultural atmosphere on both banks of the Tuojiang River.