Multi-field coupling effect on coalbed methane seepage characteristics and numerical simulation

This paper studies the seepage of coal samples under the influence of each single factor, the axial stress, confining pressure, gas pressure, and temperature by experiments. It uses Ansys12.0 to numerically simulate the law of coalbed methane seepage, coal deformation, pore pressure, the distribution of flow field under the influence of each single field and multi-field coupled. The numerical simulation show that the result of numerical simulation of gas seepage law in the coal under each single fields is basically the same as the experimental result. The curve of gas seepage and average effective stress under the condition of multi-field coupled is negative exponential relationship. Stress influenced the deformation of the specimen is greater than the seepage field. The axial stress on the deformation of the specimen is greater than confining presses The influence on the flow field by confining pressure is greater than axial stress, the influence of axial stress on the pore pressure is greater than confining pressure, pore-pressure under the action of multi-field is bigger than pro-pressure under each single field. To study the seepage law of coalbed methane, it should consider the influence of gas-solid-heat at the same time.     

Analysis of Solid Fluid Coupling for Tunnel Excavation in Complicated Fractured Rock Masses

When tunnels are through water bearing section of fractured rock mass, a complex interaction process between rock mass deformation and fluid transportation is one of the most important reasons for water gushing, water bursting and mud bursting.To study the rock mass deformation and fluid transportation in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions, a hydraulic model of complex crack rock mass was established from the relationship between the crack growth degree of surrounding rock in deep buried tunnel and the engineering scale, with which fracture network of different levels in rock mass could be considered simultaneously.Furthermore,a computer Fortran program was put forward to simulate the solid fluid coupling of excavation process of a deep buried tunnel.And it was found that the principal fractures had strong flowing action and network fractures had storage function and lag effect in seepage area.And the yield area of surrounding rock was increased under the coupling of seepage field and stress field.     

Analysis and numerical simulation of fluid-structure coupling of gas drainage from boreholes

Gas drainage from boreholes is main method of utilization and management of Chinese coal seam gas. As the exploitation depth increases, stress field and other factors on the impact of gas seepage are increasingly apparent. Based on the basis of a series of assumptions of coal seam gas, porosity and permeability equations are described by considering stress, coal seam gas pressure change on the coal produced by deformation of the skeleton. The fluid-structure coupling equations are derived by using the basic theorem of porous media flow and the fluid structure coupling theory. The gas seepage field is simulated and analyzed by using multi-physics coupling analysis software. The effect of gas pressure distribution, different burial depths and different drilling parameters (drainage negative pressure, drilling radius) on gas seepage field is obtained. Analysis of simulation results can provide theoretical guidance for on-site gas drainage.     

Elasto-plastic analysis on surrounding rock of roadways based on seepage, strain softening and dilatancy

According to seepage body force, strain softening and rupture expansion of rock mass, elastic-plastic mechanics theory, distribution laws of stress and displacement of surrounding rock in seepage field are derived, and relationships between different zonation range of the surrounding rocks, pore water pressure, strain softening and rupture expansion are established. The results show that the pore water pressure and rupture expansion rock mass have a more obvious impact on the surrounding rock rupture area than the plastic zone. Both the plastic zone and the rupture area are larger when the seepage field is considered. The impact of strain softening on both the plastic zone and the rupture zone of surrounding rock is very significant, and both seepage and strain softening rupture expansion affect deformation of surrounding rock of roadways obviously. It provides certain reference values for the roadway support engineering in seepage field.     

Nonlinear numerical simulation of steel reinforced concrete truss joints

This paper analyzes the steel reinforced concrete large span transfer truss joints using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, and get the joints deformation and the mechanics increase, such as deformation properties, stress distribution. The monitoring results during construction phase show that nonlinear numerical simulation analysis, which is in good agreement with the test results, is an effective method for the mechanical property analysis on this kind of structural components.     

对称式基坑渗流涌水量的计算方法

随着地铁、越江隧道等地下工程的日益增多,涌现出了大量的对称式基坑。基于共形映射理论,推导了对称式基坑涌水量计算表达式,并对其计算参数进行分析。研究表明,对称式基坑的单宽涌水量与渗透系数、基坑内外水头差成正比,与（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底的距离和基坑两侧止水帷幕间距的比值、止水帷幕嵌固深度和（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底距离的比值、基坑内外水头差和（相对）隔水层层顶到坑底距离的比值成反相关。     

Experimental study of coalbed methane seepage in fuxin basin

Taking raw coal samples collected from the wangying colliery in Fuxin basin as the research object, the experiment of coalbed methane seepage law is conducted by the triaxial osmoscope and the relationship between effective stress and coal permeability is presented. The experiment results indicate that the coal permeability is of stress sensitivity and tended to decline in exponent with the increment of effective stress, which is consistent with the former research results. The seepage flow curves from experiments demonstrate the nonlinear characteristics under different confining pressures and moisture contents, and it accurately reflecte the effect of coal body deformation on the coalbed methane seepage flow in the experimental process. Therefore considering the influence of effective stress on the coal body deformation, a new motion equation for the nonlinear percolation characteristic of coalbed methane is established. Moreover, the motion equation is correlated well with the experimental data, and the fitting correlation coefficients are above 99.6%.     

Stability Analysis for the Excavation Engineering Under Coupling Effect of Seepage from Heavy Rain and River Fluctuation

The seepage accident is very easily occurred, when the excavation engineering has been constructed in rainy season and it is very easily influenced by the coupling effect of seepage duo to heavy rain and water level fluctuation of neighboring river. So a coupling seepage equation that based on the theory of Dupuit has been established for the ground water in the layered foundation. And then, the water table surrounding the excavation engineering has been determined on the consideration of the coupling effect of seepage duo to heavy rain and water level fluctuation of river. In the meantime, by means of the theory of coupling analysis of stress and seepage and the software of Midas, a model of coupling analysis of stress and seepage has been built for the specific excavation engineering and the seepage destroy characteristics of this project has been researched.     

A Fracture Mechanics Solution for Control Fissures in Perilous Rock under Seepage Stress

Crack propagation of control fissures in perilous rock under loads is a key process in the failure of perilous rock. Based on the loading mechanism, the control fissures are classified into compression shear and tension shear types. By introducing a model of seepage stress, the calculating principle of the stress intensity factor and the propagation orientation of control fissure under seepage stress are put forward using fracture mechanics methods. Using Shoulishan perilous rock in the Wanzhou district of Chongqing, P. R. China, as an example, the calculated results show that there is an obvious increase of the stress intensity factor. The influence of hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure also are analyzed.     

Contact analysis of MW wind turbine hub and bearing bolt connection

Using large finite element software MSC.Marc/Mentat, the contact analysis of bolted joints parts between the hub and the bearing of wind turbine is conducted for the contact stress suffering from the practical work load. The maximum stress acted on the bolt is obtained, and a detail contact analysis for this bolted joints parts is given. The accurate stress of bolts, bearing and hub is calculated. The FEA contact results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results, and the strength of materials meets the requirements, which means the structure is safe.     

热流固耦合作用下页岩渗透特性实验

为探讨地温对页岩渗流特性的影响规律,按照温度对页岩作用部位的不同,从流体动能、骨架应变、吸附解吸三个方面,分析甲烷内摩擦力对动能的影响、页岩热应力及热膨胀导致应变、甲烷解吸引起基质收缩随温度变化的规律,得出热流固耦合作用下页岩渗流特性。以渝东南酉阳龙马溪组页岩样品为分析对象,进行页岩型岩的温度渗流实验,提出三方面五因素的分析方法：温度增加,流体内摩擦力增大减小了流动速度;粘土矿物与有机质的差异性膨胀产生热应力,压缩了页岩骨架,加之基质热膨胀减小了基质间隙,双重作用使渗流通道减小;基质收缩效应对孔隙裂隙双重结构介质渗透量影响很小。温度升高对页岩渗流特性的主要影响体现为,内摩擦力的减速作用及热应力和热膨胀对渗流通道的压缩作用。     

Laboratory investigation on stress sensitivity of carbonate reservoir considering vuggy connectivity

Due to the changes of pressure, fractures intersected with borehole open and stress sensitivity happens in the progress of drilling, which make the diameters of solid materials unmatched to the loss channels and aggravates mud loss controlling. The existence and connectivity of vugs affect the variation range of fracture width. Carbonate outcropping core samples with different vug types are taken as laboratory subject. Experimental results including 6 groups rock samples shows that stress sensitive coefficients of the single vug(5 mm), single vug(10 mm), double vugs(5 mm, disconnected), double vugs(5 mm, connected), double vugs(10 mm, disconnected), double vugs(10 mm, connected) core samples are respectively 0.66, 0.59, 0.47, 0.24, 0.66, 0.43, and the degree of stress sensitivity is respectively medium to strong, medium to strong, medium to weak, weak, medium to strong, medium to weak. It shows that the vugs intensify the rangeability of fracture width and the stress sensitivity. Though the vuggy connectivity weakens the stress sensitivity of fractures, it destabilizes the plugged zone and fails in lost circulation controlling, which causes severe lost circulation.     

Analysis of the Static Stability of Tailings Dam under Coupled Deformation and Seepage Fields

The static stability of a tailings dam is analyzed with a finite element approach, which takes into account the effect of plastic deformation, temperature, saturation and void ratio on the properties of soil materials, the effect of water and soil interaction and the extended Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The concept of yield approaching degree is introduced, which is defined as the ratio of the existing equivalent stress to the yield stress taking into account the effects of different influencing factors. The response of the tailing dam subjected to the coupled saturated/unsaturated seepage and deformation is simulated, considering that the dry beach is 100-meter long and the starter dam is jammed, respectively. The important indexes such as the deformation and the phreatic surface of the dam are obtained. The distribution of the yield approaching degree in the whole dam under the given condition is obtained, which can provide not only a general stability assessment of the dam, but also important information to the decision-making for the reinforcement and maintenance of the dam.     

结球莴苣耐热性鉴定方法的研究

以6个结球莴苣品种为试验材料,从生长发育、经济性状和生理生化等方面研究耐热性的鉴定方法。结果表明,抽薹时间是理想的耐热性鉴定指标。POD和SOD活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量等生理生化指标与抽薹时间显著相关,因而可作为结球莴苣耐热性鉴定的辅助指标。     

Finite Element Analysis of the Contact Stress of the Rotary Hinge in the Rigid Frame Arch Bridge Constructed in a Vertically Downward Rotating Manner

Rotary hinges are temporary joints connecting arch ribs with the abutments of rigid frame arch bridges during the vertically downward rotating construction process.We probed the mechanical properties of a rotary hinge.Its stress distribution was simulated in contact FEM during the vertically downward rotating construction of a rigid frame arch bridge.The results show that nearly the entire structure of the rotary hinge is in a low-stress state with only a minor area in a high-stress state.By strengthening some local structures,rotary hinge construction security could be satisfied by its mechanical properties during vertically downward rotating construction.     

Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis of shield cutter head under mud cake condition

Aiming at the cutter head thermal damage and other failure problems caused by shield cutter head mud formation in residue and clay soil,the problem of thermal-stress coupling of shield cutter head under the effect of mud in the tunnelling process is studied,and the cutter head temperature and thermal-stress distribution of coupling fields under mud effect are acquired. A shield cutter head three-dimensional finite element model is built by using software ANSYS and Solidworks. The results shows that when the mud is formed,the temperature rises sharply in a short time,which leads to a rapid increase of thermal stress to 168.2 MPa,at the same time,the maximum thermal deformation reaches 3.1 mm,then the center of cutter head is wrapped.     

流固耦合的多元结构深厚覆盖层透水地基的力学特性

深厚覆盖层多元结构坝基在渗流过程中各土层力学差异明显,分析时关注的具体问题也不尽相同,需要深入研究。基于比奥固结理论,考虑土体的非线性流变以及土体固结变形过程中孔隙度、渗透系数、弹性模量及泊松比的变化;借助ADINA流固耦合模块来模拟西藏达嘎水电站坝基渗流场与应力场耦合过程,分析各层力学特性及相互作用。研究表明,透水性较强的表层土体是渗流主要通道,也是渗流进出区和沉降变形体现区,应在上游采取措施提高其压缩模量,下游区域增设反滤层和排水设施;坝基中的粉细砂层是坝基沉降的主要原因,对坝基沉降起主导作用,同时应注意其液化特性对坝基的不利影响;坝基中的承压含水土层对下游上部结构产生向上顶托力,若位置较深,则破坏性较小;坝基深部土层对整个坝基的渗流破坏影响较小,但对沉降和渗流量的影响不可忽视;表层砂卵砾石层和粉细砂层的渗透系数相差较小时,土层间不会发生接触冲刷。此外,还发现坝基孔隙水压力在快速衰减阶段被消散,期间土体固结较快。垂直防渗墙能有效降低渗透坡降和渗流量,将坝基沉降变形控制在防渗墙上游区域,但上游坝基变形对防渗墙产生较大的水平推力,应加大防渗墙尺寸或者采用辅助渗控措施。     

麦长管蚜对小麦产量成分的影响与生态防控

麦长管蚜（荻草谷网蚜）是中国北方麦田发生范围最广、小麦灌浆期常年需要化学防治的蚜虫种类。麦长管蚜种群田间时空发生发展动态受地理区域、气象因素、天敌、农事操作、农田生物多样性、以及小麦品种抗蚜特异性及生长发育阶段等多种因素的影响。一般年份,麦长管蚜种群发展的时间动态是随春季小麦的生长发育和田间气温的回升,由拔节起身期的零星发生,到孕穗期的快速增长,抽穗后种群数量的急速增加,至灌浆中后期达到高峰,乳熟期急剧下降;空间分布型的动态变化则按随机-核心-聚集（嵌纹）-均匀-聚集（嵌纹）-消失的规律变动。小麦抽穗前受蚜虫为害主要影响穗粒数,但由于田间种群数量小,对产量影响不大;抽穗后蚜虫种群数量增加,主要影响千粒重。本研究提出了针对麦长管蚜的分段生态防控策略,依据麦蚜的为害特点、小麦发育阶段及品种抗/耐蚜特性制定动态防治指标,抽穗前生防为主,防治指标宜严,抽穗后化防为主,防治指标宜宽的建议。同时提出植保无人机结合人工智能自动寻查病虫害发生中心,实时“一喷三防”精准施药的设想。     

Numerical simulation of seepage field of gas extraction drilling of single bedding of mining-coal bed

Aiming at the problem of reasonable decorate of coal gas extraction drilling, combining with the initial and boundary condition of borehole extraction, the solid and gas coupling mathematical model of gas seepage of borehole extraction is deduced based on established control equations of seepage field and deformation field. Taking gas extraction of stone coal slit as an example, according to the characteristics of coal seam in the research, the numerical simulation method is used to obtain the distribution rule of gas pressure, coalbed gas permeability, and coalbed gas seepage velocity as well as seam deformation. The effective radius of gas extraction drilling of single bedding about mining-coal bed is determined, which provides the basis for optimum arrangement of gas extraction drilling of single bedding. The results show that the effective radius of stone coal is about 4 m. If the prolonging drilling drainage time is less than 20%, the drilling quantities would reduce by about 50%.     

The Application of Pre-splitting Blasting to Excavation on High Slope in Soft Rock Section

Based on analyzing about blasting mode of slope in the construction of road, the paper shows that pre splitting blasting is mostly suitable in the section of severely weathering soft rock with developed joints and fractures, introduced the laying out about the hole of pre splitting blasting that can apply in the high slope of the expressway in the section, and designed the parameter. The practice shows that it gained favourable effect by this method.