武汉市PM2.5的健康损失评价

随着城市化的推进,PM2.5污染对人体健康的危害日益受到各方面的高度关注,为了让大众对空气中PM2.5对人体的损害有更清晰直观的了解并引起相关管理部门对霾污染的重视,以武汉市为研究对象,利用武汉市2008—2013年环境质量数据和公共卫生数据,选取呼吸系统死亡和心脑血管死亡作为PM2.5污染健康效应终点,根据暴露-反应关系公式及统计学意义上的生命价值(value of statistics life,VOSL)计算方法,评估PM2.5所致的健康损失及经济损失。结果表明:自2008年以来,武汉市PM2.5人体健康损失呈现升高的趋势。2008年因PM2.5造成的死亡人数为834人,占当年死亡人数的1.7%,对武汉市造成的经济损失近5.86亿元人民币;2013年因PM2.5造成的死亡人数为1858人,占当年死亡人数的3.7%,对武汉市造成的经济损失近13.06亿元人民币。从以上结果来看,武汉市空气中的PM2.5的治理迫在眉睫,相关部门应该重视PM2.5污染所带来的损失,并为减少空气中的PM2.5采取相关措施。     

Fuzzy Assessment Method for Seismic Damage of CFST Arch Bridges

In order to investigate the conditions of damage and failure of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) arch bridges, considering the structural and mechanical characteristics of CFST arch bridges, the dual damage criteria assessment models of the various components based on deformation or strength and energy were developed. The nonlinear seismic response of CFST arch bridges was analyzed by finite element method and the fuzzy evaluation method of seismic damage based on fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process was studied. Finally, taking a long-span CFST arch bridge as example, the damage index of the bridge was 0.150, 0.152, 0.172 and 0.318 respectively when the seismic peak acceleration was respectively 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.4g and 0.8g. The results show that the CFST arch bridge is slightly damaged under the earthquake when the seismic peak acceleration is 0.4g, and the bridge is damaged moderately when the peak acceleration is 0.8g.     

Damage Analysis on Coal and Rocks and the Method of the Checking Damage by the Deviator Stress

The characteristic of the original damage and the breaking of the coal and rocks under the loading has been discussed by a lot of microscopic structure analysis and by whole stress strain testing on the coal and rocks. The non homogeneity causes the stress locating in a small spot. It is the essential cause of the damage developing and causing the structure breaking of the coal rocks. The failure of brittle fracturing, rubbing later on and granulating should be a major pattern in the outburst of coal and gas. The method of the examining damage by the deviator stress, is proposed. It can be used to analyse the characteristic of the coal and rocks.     

Relationship of Conservation of Historic Buildings and Urban Construction

The conservation of historic buildings and their environment is an unavoidable problem in urban construction. In this paper, the authors give a few new thoughts about the problem. First, the historic buildings are important part of the core power in city competition.Second,the conservation work should be combined with their development. Third, a classified and multilevel system of protection and reuse of old buildings should be set up.     

Step-by-step Method of Structural Damage Diagnosis

Base on the existing step-by-step structural damage diagnosis method, a three-step structural damage diagnosis method is developed. According to the analysis of the characteristic of genetic algorithm, a new idea of excluding the undamaged element by means of step-by-step evaluation is developed to deal with the damage diagnosis problem. In this method, sensitivity genetic algorithm is used to exclude the undamaged element step by step and residual force method is used to fix the damage district. According to the simulation research of a 2D framed structure, it is shown that the step-by-step structural damage diagnosis method can gain the ideal results when it's difficult for a single damage diagnosis method to get the good results. It is also indicated that sensitivity genetic algorithm is a good way to exclude the undamaged element step by step.     

Wind Damage Estimation and Prediction of Light Steel Industrial Buildings

Wind hazard damage estimation was addressed for light steel industrial buildings which were the typical wind vulnerable structures in southeast coastal cities. With parametric analysis of wind damage and the structural failure features, the envelop elements and the connecting elements were determined as the pivots of the damage analysis. Upon the consideration of the co effect of exterior wind pressure, wind induced internal pressure and windborne debris damage, a typhoon load model was proposed. And with the calculation method of the element resistance from the regulation, the procedure of the damage estimation was described and the damage classification of industrial buildings was specified with detailed indicators. Finally, the proposed method was approved with the actual data of typhoon CHANCHU (0601).     

Research on the Body Coefficient of Complicated Tall Buildings

Considering the complication of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for tall buildings,the scale 1:300 model test of Ying Li Building is completed in the second wind tunnel of Beijing University.Based on the calculation and analysis of the test results,the static and dynamic wind pressure acting on the building can be obtained and the value of the coefficient of wind-induced vibration for this tall building can be solved directly,thus a new way is laid for the research of complicated tall buildings.     

Damage Assessment of Frame StructuresBased on Neural Network

Based on neural network,this paper presents a method of damage assessment of frame structures,which provides a new approach for damage assessment of structures under dynamic conditions.The adaptability and efficiency of this method are discussed through computation simulation,The numerical results show that this method is promising.     

Assessment of Indoor Thermal Comfort for Low Energy Consumption Buildings

A model for indoor thermal comfort assessment was investigated in this paper. By using this model, the indoor thermal comfort of low energy consumption buildingwith buried pipe system was evaluated. The result shows that the buried pipe ventilationcan improve indoor thermal comfort in hot climates.     

A Method Coupling FEM and Singular Solution of Infinite Plane with a Hole for Underground Engineering

In this paper, a simpler and direct coupling method, i.e. finite element method coupled with singular solution of infinite plane with a hole, is proposed for the analysis of underground engineering. The numerical example shows that the elastic effectiveness of the infinite plane outside the artificial boundary upon the inside region is exactly expressed.     

Experimental Study on Construction Method of Super-Large Section Tunnel

For the super-large section tunnel due to its super large span and flatness,together with the effect of various processes and excitation of surrounding rock during construction,the mechanical behavior of super-large section tunnel is quite complicated.Making use of the "CTSSSRH",the physical analogue for simulating the construction dynamic process of super-large section tunnel in different construction methods is experimented.The rule of surrounding rock displacement and strain development is studied and the reasonable construction method is put forward.     

Study on Calculation Method of Energy Savings for Public Buildings

According to the principles of various methods and energy consumption characteristics in Chongqing, new method of energy saving calculation is proposed for public buildings. It's shown that building envelope, facilities and energy management play the key role in energy saving reconstruction. Considering the difficulty of measuring adjustment quantity, the calculation should be under some certain prerequisites (design conditions), also the prevailing industry standards can be fully utilized. During the energy saving calculation, another key point is how to reflect the contribution rate of the single technologies for energy saving reconstruction.     

Method of Cable Tension Controlling in the Long span Cable stayed Bridge Construction

In allusion to the cable tension controlling problem in the parallel strand stayed cable construction, on the basis of construction techniques of applying tension loads one by one, the mechanical model of the cable girder tower in the process of construction was established. With the equal cable tension as a goal, the formula was deduced with the method of forward analysis, which could be used to calculate the initial tension of each strand in construction. The effect of temperature variations on the initial tension could be eliminated by using the formula with the method of equivalent tension. Moreover, a method was proposed to measure the cable tension in the processes of construction and performing the function. Finally, the practice in one cable stayed bridge in the north indicated that 1) the uniform cable tension could be obtained by the proposed method; 2) the tension error range of whether a single strand or the whole stayed cable was within 5%, and the result could meet the needs in construction control; 3) the method could provide reference for the similar stayed cable construction.     

基于信息熵密切值法的宿鸭湖水库富营养状况评估

为了掌握宿鸭湖水库的富营养化情况,结合湖库富营养化评估标准,采用基于信息熵的密切值法对其2009—2015年的营养状况进行评估。结果表明：2012年该水库为轻度富营养化,其他年份则为中度富营养化。各年份营养化状况排序为2012<2013<2015<2009<2010<2014<2011;而从线性插值法角度,其营养化程度排序为：2012<2015<2013<2011<2010<2009<2014。两者结果虽然一致,但各年份的排序存在着差异：由于评估原理和对指标权重的处理方式不同,线性插值法的主观性较大,基于信息熵的密切值法可以减少主观性,并能确定主要影响因素,使其评估结果更符合实际。基于信息熵的密切值法可作为湖库营养状况分析的常用方法。     

卫星遥感在森林病虫害监测上的研究进展

总结了近20年来卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测领域的研究进展,并概括了遥感监测模型的主要应用形式,指出了目前卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作的局限性,展望了其应用前景。目的在于为卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作提供一种有益的启示。     

A Numerical Study on the Damage Assessment of a Simply-supported Beam on Natural Frequencies

Based on the perturbation theory, it was proved that the ratio of changes of frequencies is the function of structural damage location. Taking a uniform cross-sectioned simply supported beam for example, the ratio of changes of frequencies between the damaged and intact beam was used to locate and qualify beam damage. For different extents of damage, the changes of frequencies and ratio of changes of frequencies were studied and the effects resulted from the omission of second order items were discussed. Finally, the deficiency of this method was pointed out.     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

Characteristics of Interference Effects on Local Pressure of Two Square Tall Buildings in Tandem Arrangement

Wind tunnel tests were carried out to study the wind pressure on principal square building adjacent to another one in tandem. The interference effects on local pressure of the principal building were analyzed with different positions and heights of interfering building. It is shown that as height ratio is fixed, mean pressures on windward face are suctions when spacing ratio is less than 3, otherwise they are positive. The magnitudes of mean suctions on the side and leeward faces and fluctuating pressures on each face all get their maximums when spacing ratio is 3. As height ratios change, the magnitudes of mean suction on windward face increase with height ratio, meanwhile, the magnitudes on other faces obtain their minimums as the height ratio is 1.0 and the spacing ratio is less than 3. The fluctuating pressures on the windward and side faces get their maximums and that on the leeward face reaches its minimum as the height ratio is 1.0. When the spacing ratio is greater than 3, mean pressures on each face decrease, while fluctuating pressures on the windward and side faces increase as the height ratio increases, and the fluctuating pressures on the leeward face get the minimum when the height ratio is 1.0.