Experimental analysis of coal bed methane desorption and seepage under sonic vibrating of cavitation water jets

A way to enhance coal bed methane desorption and seepage by sonic vibrating of cavitataion water jets is proposed because the gas coal seams have the intrinsic properties of micro-porosity, low permeability and high adsorption. The mechanisms of how the sonic vibrating effects promote methane desorption and seepage are analyzed, and the contrast experiments of methane desorption and seepage under sonic vibrating effects are also provided. The results show: when the cavitation number is 0.020 0, under sonic vibrating effects, the volume of coal bed methane desorption increases by 36.9%, and the time for coal bed methane desorption reduces by 19.6%. The speed of coal seams methane seepage is significantly increased by 35.3% and arrives at 0.383 3 ml/s.     

Exploration on the Principle of ECMB

ECMB, which is developed by Amoco company in USA, has very prospective. On the basis of the study on adsorption characteristics of mixture gas in coal, the principle of ECMB has been explored. The order of adsorption capacities of coal for several gases is: CO 2>CH 4>N 2>H 2 when coal adsorbs gas. In 2 member mixture gases, adsorption capacities of coal for mixed gases, methane and carbon dioxide tally with Langmuir equation, but not does for nitrogen and hydrogen. The substance of the increasing drawing ratio of coal seam gas by using ECBM is decreasing adsorption amount of methane in coal by emptying the other gas or gases into coal seam. N 2 is better gas than CO 2 in the process of using ECMB.     

Numerical simulation of seepage field of gas extraction drilling of single bedding of mining-coal bed

Aiming at the problem of reasonable decorate of coal gas extraction drilling, combining with the initial and boundary condition of borehole extraction, the solid and gas coupling mathematical model of gas seepage of borehole extraction is deduced based on established control equations of seepage field and deformation field. Taking gas extraction of stone coal slit as an example, according to the characteristics of coal seam in the research, the numerical simulation method is used to obtain the distribution rule of gas pressure, coalbed gas permeability, and coalbed gas seepage velocity as well as seam deformation. The effective radius of gas extraction drilling of single bedding about mining-coal bed is determined, which provides the basis for optimum arrangement of gas extraction drilling of single bedding. The results show that the effective radius of stone coal is about 4 m. If the prolonging drilling drainage time is less than 20%, the drilling quantities would reduce by about 50%.     

STUDY ABOUT FLOW THEORY AND GOVERNING EQUATION OF GAS SEEPAGE FLOW IN COAL BEDS

This paper analyzes comprehensively the present approaches about the flow theory and governing equation of the gas seepage in China from the equations of the gas flow continuity, motion, state ane content. The viewpoint is put forward in the paper that the gas amount taking part in seepage flow is only a part of the whole gas content. The governing equation, of gas seepage flow in coal seams is set up on condition that procedures of adsorption and desorption are convertible completely.     

Study on the Factors Affecting Gas Permeability of Coal

In this paper,the permeability of coal from Nantong colliery is studied in a labo-ratory. The effects of desorbed gas temperature and water content on gas permeability were investi-gated. The results of experiments indieatd that decreasing gas pressure without desorption , the permeability of coal decreases, However, below the desorption pressure, the permeability of coal formethane increases, The reaults suggest that the logarithm of permeability of coal is a linear functionof the temperature and the permeability of coal saturated with water is lass than the permeability ofdry coal; with the increase of water content, the permeability of coal for methane is increasing.     

A Numerical Simulation of Coalbed Methane Desorption and Diffusion Enhanced by Ultrasound Heating

We discuss the development of coal bed micro structure and the mechanism of enhancing the desorption/diffusion of coalbed methane by ultrasound. We present a mathematical model to describe the desorption/diffusion process of coalbed methane due to the ultrasound heating effect. Two cases of gas release with or without ultrasound fields in coal samples were simulated. We found that the temperature and the micropore diffusion coefficient of the system were improved by ultrasound transferred heat energy, while the dynamic fraction of free gas in pores was enhanced and the dynamic fraction of adsorbed gas was weakened.     

Wavelet denoising method of temperature signal in the process of coal gas absorption and desorption

The study on the temperature evolutionary trend under both the ground stress and gas pressure is significant in the process of coal gas absorption and desorption. However, the valid signal is difficult to gain because of much noise in the experimental data, so according to the characteristics of the temperature signal gained under different experimental conditions of coal gas absorption and desorption, this essay filtrates noise and restores the valid signal by using the wavelet denoising of MATLAB to obtain the valid temperature evolutionary curve. Through contrasting and analyzing wavelet basis function and different decomposition levels, the essay chooses the sym8 wavelet basis function which has a higher order of vanishing moments and better smoothness. The reconstructed signal filtrates most of high frequency signal, and keep low frequency, as well as smooth signal. The result shows that the de-noising effect is good and the temperature evolution rule can be well reflected in the process of the coal gas absorption and desorption.     

Pressure Sweep Adsorption Processes for the Concentration of Methane from Coal-bed Gas Extracted

The coal-bed gas was usually extracted from mine in order to avoid coal gas outburst.The Methane(CH4),a main component in coal-bed gas,is a kind of excellent gas fuel and raw material for chemical industry.China is very rich in the resource of coal bed gas,however,most of the coal bed gas extracted from mine is wasted because of the too low concentration of methane. Pressure sweep adsorption(PSA) technique is noticeable among the methods for the concentration of methane from coal-bed gas.However,there are a few studies about this field.Studies on the pressure sweep adsorption(PSA) process for the separation of CH4/N2 using actived carbon as adsorbent are summarized.The thermodynamic relationships and kinetic processes and the influence of the operate parameters on the concentration of methane are investigated.These results have a direct application in coal-bed gas.Some suggestions for the problems need to be solved in PSA process for the separation of methane are also proposed.     

Experimental analysis of matrix shrinkage’s influence on mechanical permeability of gas filled coal

Based on the coal seam of Zhao zhuang coal mine and Si he coal mine belong to Jin cheng anthracite Mining Group in Shanxi province, by using the self developed three axial servo controlled seepage equipment for hot fluid solid coupling of coal containing methane, parallel experiments for permeability of helium and methane under different gas pressures are carried out to quantitatively study the influence of Klinkenberg effects on the permeability of coal. Meanwhile, the problem of permeability decreasing caused by fluid pressure decreasing and gas desorption is eliminated by controlling the effective stress. The results show thatthe Klinkenberg effect is obvious under low gas pressure. With the increase of gas pressure, the permeability of coal decreases at first and then increases. The inflection points of gas pressure for Klinkenberg effect are about 0.9 MPa both for coal samples in Zhao zhuang coal mine and Si he coal mine. When the effective stress is constant, with the increase of gas pressure, the permeability increment caused by Klinkenberg effect decreases, while permeability increment caused by coal matrix shrinkage increases. Coal matrix shrinkage has a close relationship with the mechanical properties of coal rock mass. For the coal sample with a poor mechanical property, coal matrix shrinkage is more obvious.     

土壤对氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性研究进展

研究土壤对氮、磷的吸附/解吸附特性对合理施肥、防止环境污染等有重要的作用。本文在介绍目前常用的描述土壤氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性方程（Langmuir方程、Temkin方程和Freundlich方程）的基础上,综述了国内外对土壤氮、磷吸附/解吸附机制、影响因素（粘粒含量、pH值、有机质、阳离子交换量以及矿物组成等）、动力学方程等方面的研究进展。论文还提出应加强对根际土氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性研究、应长期定位研究氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性、应加强林地及苗圃土壤氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性研究的建议。     

Adsorption Characteristics of Pb ~(2+) in Pb-Zn Mine Rock of Yunnan

Under the condition of static state, adsorption characteristics of rock in Pb Zn mine of Yunnan have been studied by using conductance method and fractal geometry theory. For sand rock and breccia , the pH of solution in the process of dissolving increases and finally approaches 7, and pH increases slowly for the later because of the compaction of breccia . The conductivity of solution increases with the increase of time when the concentration of Pb 2+ is lower, whereas when the concentration of Pb 2+ is higher. In the process of adsorption ions in rock are entered in solution. Adsorption capacities ( Q ) of two rocks are bigger, and the Q of Pb 2+ in them obey Freundlich experiential formula. The process of adsorption is fractal like, and mean while the kinetics equation is derived.Ability of adsorption of sand rock is weakened while the temperature of the solution is increased.     

苯唑草酮在土壤中的吸附行为研究

苯唑草酮是玉米田新型广谱苗后除草剂,为了评价苯唑草酮在土壤中的环境行为,采用振荡平衡法研究苯唑草酮在5 种土壤中的吸附特性,以及腐殖酸对苯唑草酮吸附影响。结果表明：苯唑草酮在5种土壤中的吸附规律符合Freundich 吸附等温方程,吸附系数分别为农安黑钙土9.44、永吉白浆土8.98、梨树黑土16.02、前郭苏打盐碱土7.83、柳河灰棕壤29.37。苯唑草酮在灰棕壤中为中等易吸附,在其余4种土壤中较难吸附。自由能绝对值ΔG变化小于40 kJ/mol,属于物理吸附。土壤对苯唑草酮的吸附性与有机质含量呈正相关,与阳离子交换量也表现出很好的相关性,与pH呈明显的负相关。腐殖酸吸附系数为177.40,说明腐殖酸对苯唑草酮有很强的吸附性。在黑土和盐碱土中添加腐殖酸后,吸附系数为17.98和9.80,说明腐殖酸对苯唑草酮在土壤中的吸附有一定的影响。     

啤酒废酵母吸附Cu~(2+)的特性研究

将啤酒废酵母制成一种新型的生物吸附剂,用于吸附重金属离子铜。研究了不同温度、时间、pH值,以及铜离子浓度和酵母浓度条件下,啤酒废酵母对Cu2+的吸附能力。初步确定了啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附的最佳组合,即吸附温度为35℃,吸附时间为55 min,起始pH值为5,酵母的质量浓度为1 g/L,Cu2+质量浓度为22 mg/L,在此条件下啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附率可达到90.00%左右。通过L16(45)正交实验表明,Cu2+质量浓度和pH值是影响啤酒废酵母吸附铜离子能力的显著因素。对吸附了铜离子的啤酒酵母进行解吸实验,表明在浓度为1 mol/L的HCl中,其解吸率为55.00%,与1 mol/L的NaOH和去离子水相比,有较高的解吸率。     

3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的吸附特性研究

为了对氨基酸类有机污水的处理以及资源再利用提供理论参考。基于近年来富含氨基酸类的有机污水污染程度日益加剧,试验选用3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的吸附解吸特性进行研究,采用恒温震荡吸附批处理、茚三酮比色测定赖氨酸以及差减法计算和Langmuir、Freundlich方程拟合的研究方法。结果表明：3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的最大吸附量(Qm)表现为沸石>膨润土>硅藻土;对赖氨酸的吸附结合能(K值)表现为硅藻土>膨润土>沸石;1/N值表现为沸石>膨润土>硅藻土;对赖氨酸解吸率表现为沸石>硅藻土>膨润土,滞后程度则相反。因此,若以吸附数量多并解吸后再利用为目标的处理,选用沸石为好;而若以吸附数量尚好但保持相对稳定不易再度污染为目标的处理,选用膨润土为好。     

Studies on the Structure Model of Coal and Its Polarization Characteristics

The macromolecular structures of coal samples collected from Yutianbao, Nantong and Qingnian coal mines in Sichuan were studied and a model of structure for these coals was set up. On the basis of above mentioned work,experimental studies and theoretical analyses were made to investigate the characteristics of coal polarization in applied electric field. The results indicate that the rotation polarzation and the space polarization are the essential reason for the attenuation of electric current through coal samples,and that the space polarization is the main form of coal polarization.     

Key Layer and Stress Dike Mechanism of Coal and Gas Outbursts

The outburst coal mass is a geologic body which had objectively existed before outbursts occurred.The authors think the occurrence and development of coal and gas outbursts are controlled by comprehensive factors according to a host of facts of outbursts in their researches,and all the factors belong to the system of "rock coal gas rock".Therefore the authors put forward a completely hypothesis,i.e.key layer and stress dike mechanism of coal and gas outbursts.This hypothesis emphasizes that the outbursts are the result of comprehensive action by coalbed gas,abutment stress and physical and mechanical properties of coal.Of special interest is emphasizing the geologic backgroud and conditions of outbursts to a great extent.Any phenomenon of outbursts which a person could observe could be qualitatively explained with the hypothesis so that the hypothesis can serve the study of geophysical field of outbursts perfectly.     

The influence of initial internal structure of coal sample on gas flow characteristic

Three kinds of coal samples with different components are chosen as study objects.Density calculation and SEM are adopted to study their internal structures,and a self made triaxial gas seepage instrument is used to study their internal gas flow characteristics.The results show that internal structures of coal samples made of different particle size coal powders under identical external conditions are various,and nonlinearity is presented on the influence caused by fabric.Gas flow characteristic is complex in complete stress strain process,generally it firstly increases and then decreases,initial gas flow velocity is lower than the one after the failure of coal sample,and obvious hysteretic nature of gas flow characteristic is showed.The influence of gas flow characteristic caused by initial internal structure of coal sample is nonlinear and the stress sensitivity is high on the influence of gas flow characteristic caused by initial internal structure.The more complex the initial internal structure of the coal sample is,the lower the axial tress sensitivity is,and the higher the confining pressure sensitivity is.     

Analysis on rock cross-cut coal uncovering using high pressure water jet slotting in close distance seam group

Safe production and procedures at the driving face are restricted in mines of Guizhou province by the long periods required for rock cross-cut coal uncovering in high gas coal seam group. A new method is proposed to solve this problem using high pressure water jet slotting in penetration boreholes. This is proposed to increase the gas desorption rate and reduce drilling hole, which will shorten the cycle of rock cross-cut coal uncovering. Numerical simulation is used to compare the pressure relief effects of different slotting methods in penetration boreholes. The results show that the pressure relief effect of slotting all coal seams is more ideal. Field application indicates that high pressure water jet slotting has good effect of the pressure relief in coal seam group. The drilling number is reduced by 30, the drilling length is shortened by 610 m and the standard time of gas pre-pumping decreases by 39 days.     

镉在针铁矿和腐殖酸及其复合胶体中的吸附解吸行为比较研究

采用批平衡实验法,比较研究了重金属镉在针铁矿、腐殖酸及针铁矿—腐殖酸复合胶体中的吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,三种吸附剂对Cd2+的等温吸附特征均可用Langmuir、Freundlich和Linear方程加以描述。其中以Langmuir方程的拟合效果最佳,线性相关系数为：0.991、0.996、0.999,由此得出的最大吸附量分别为41.67、38.46、45.46 mg/g,表明腐殖酸与针铁矿复合胶体较两者单一体系的吸附力有所提高,且所吸附的镉均难以解吸,平均解吸率分别为5.871% 、5.918%、1.068%。三种吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附可分为两个阶段,即吸附开始4h内的快速反应阶段和此后的慢速反应阶段,在前4h的快速吸附阶段,吸附量可达到平衡吸附量的90%-95%     

斜发沸石保磷供磷功能的研究

斜发沸石与可溶性磷酸盐溶液进行交换反应时 ,伴随着沸石与溶液间的阳离子交换 ,也发生了沸石对磷的吸附作用 ;沸石对磷的吸附作用除与沸石中所含的可交换Ca2 相关外 ,可能还与沸石阴离子骨架中Al对磷酸根的弱的键合作用相关 ;沸石所吸附的磷可被某些溶液解吸下来。斜发沸石的阳离子交换性能及对磷的吸附和可解吸性能 ,在土壤改良中起到类似营养元素储存库的功能 ,因而 ,在农业生产中具有重要的应用价值