Experimental Research on the Shock and Wearing Resistant Concrete Blended with Polypropylene Fiber

The shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete blended with polycarboxylate superplasticizer and polypropylene fiber were studied.Results show that,compared with concrete added with silica fume,the high water-reducing effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and fly ash reduced the consumption of cementitious material and the amount of cracks decreased significantly.Together with the action of polypropylene fiber,the shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete enhanced remarkably.     

Experimental Study on Flexural Toughness and Fatigue Property of Polypropylene (PP) Fiber Reinforced Cement-stabilized Macadam

By four-point bending test and fatigue test,the authors studied the flexural toughness and fatigue property of semi-rigid base course of cement-stabilized macadam with and without polypropylene(PP) fiber.Some significant data about these two kinds of material have been obtained,such as the load-deflection curves,toughness index according to the standard methods of JCI and ASTM C1018-97,the fatigue lifetime under different stress levels and the fatigue lifetime regression equation.The results show that the reinforcing effect of the PP fiber is remarkable;the bending strength,ultimate deformability,JCI toughness index,ASTM C1018-97 toughness index and fatigue life of cement-stabilized macadam with PP fiber are increased by about 10%,150%,67.7%,36.1%~79.8%,and 126%~352%,respectively,when the volume fraction of PP fiber is only 0.077%.At the same time,the authors revealed the toughness improving mechanism and the anti-fatigue mechanism of the fiber in such material based on the fracture mechanics theory.     

Study on Influence of Fiber to Stability of Asphalt Concrete Pavement

The effect of fiber in asphalt mixtures has attracted general concern. For study of this problem, four kinds of fibers are chosen in this test. Asphalt and modified asphalt are adopted in asphalt mixtures AC-16I. The road performance influenced by additional fiber was analyzed impersonally,i, e. the stability of asphalt concrete under high temperature condition, anti-crack ability under low temperature condition, the water resistance and fatigue performance. It was shown through the research that the optimum asphalt content, air void rate, clearance rate of the mineral powder, saturation degree, and the flow value were increased and the density was decreased after adding the fiber. The road performance, such as the stability of asphalt concrete under high temperature condition, anti-crack ability under low temperature condition, water resistance and fatigue performance, was obviously improved,and the high temperature stability and fatigue performance improved most evidently. The fiber asphalt mixture performance reached and even exceeded the modified asphalt mixture performance. The modified asphalt performance after adding fiber would be improved more greatly.     

Analysis of Impervious Performance about Tunnel Polypropylene Fiber Concrete and the Experimental Comparison

Recently, most impermeability seudies of polypropylene fiber concrete, as a new sort of tunnel lining waterproof material,are limited to the impervious mechanism and unable to be satisfied with the engineering need. On the basis of fracture mechanics and the micro structure mechanics, the resistance of fiber to the crack extension inside concrete and it’s SIF were deduced, the analytical formula of fiber resistance effect to the opening mode crack extension was presented as well. Meanwhile, the impervious performance of polypropylene fiber concrete was explained reasonably by the numerical calculation of the resistance effect. On the other hand, for comparing the impervious performance of polypropylene fiber concrete with that of UEA concrete, the impervious performance experiments of four groups of different types of concrete were carried out, it is presented that the former is superior to the latter. More than that, adding double polypropylene fiber and UEA to the concrete with proper proportion will make the impervious performance much better.     

Experimental Analysis on the Frost Resistance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The frost resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) was studied based on the fast freeze thaw tests in water and in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution, with different mass fraction of steel fiber in concrete at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The effects of the number of freeze thaw cycles and the volume fraction of steel fiber on the mass lose rate, the splitting strength loss rate and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of SFRC were analyzed. The reinforcement mechanism of the steel fiber under the action of freeze and thaw was also discussed. Moreover, mercury intrusion method and SEM analysis were carried out to study the pore size distribution features and the performance of microstructure on the impact of frost resistance of SFRC. The results show that adding an appropriate amount of steel fiber into concrete can reduce the pore porosity and improve the compactness of concrete. Furthermore, the presence of steel fiber proves to shrink the porosity and improve evidently the frost resistance of concrete. It is also shown that the steel fiber content has a great influence on the frost resisting property of SFRC. The best performance of SFRC can be achieved when the volume fraction of steel fiber is 1.5%.     

Evaluation on the Damage Evolution of the CRCP+AC Composite Pavement by the Concrete Dameged Plasticity Material Model

In the study on the CRCP+AC composite pavement, the form and distribution pattern of cracks are two important factors influencing the performance and the lifetime of the pavement. The concrete damaged plasticity material model incorporated in the general purpose finite element software named ABAUQS was adopted to describe the mechanical characteristics of the CRC slab. Combining with the temperature field database drawn from the three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis, the structural damage under the condition of temperature changing is analyzed. The structural damage evolution and the crack behavior of the CRC slab subjected to the thermal-mechanical coupling condition are further analyzed, which suggests that the role of the asphalt concrete surface is not confined only to the scope of improving the performance of the road, its capacity for improving the stress state of CRCP slab is worthwhile to be affirmed. And the reasonable thickness of AC layer should be designed in consideration of the thermal contraction and damage properties of the CRC slab comprehensively.     

Study on Resistance to Chemical Attack ofHigh Performance Concrete

The durability of concrete is always a problem of great importance while the high performance concrete raise higher requirement for durability. The authors of this paper carried out a study on resistance to chemical attack of the high performance concrete prepared with Portland cement, silica fume and superplasticizer ,which has proved that the high performance concrete offers excellent resistance to chemical attack.     

Recommendations on Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements in Concrete Slabs

The mechanism of shrinkage cracking is discussed with a simple member, which is fully restrained and subjected only to an axial restraining force caused by shrinkage, while a simple procedure is presented for the determination of the number and spacing of the cracks and the average crack width. With the simple model, some examples are shown to compare the provisions for minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in GB 50010-2002 Code, ACI 318-02 Code and AS 3600-1988 Code. The results show that the provisions in GB 50010-2002 Code are too weak in comparison with the others. Finally, some recommendations are proposed.     

Cause Analysis and Treatment Measure on Cracks in New Reinforced Concrete Restricted by Old Web Concrete

In this paper, the cause analysis about cracks on the new concrete web poured in multi -span continuous box -girder of a main bridge was introduced. This bridge is a prestressed concrete one with variable cross sections and an 80 -meter main span. When casting reinforced concrete in large volume in box girder during vehicle transport service, the shrinkage cracks in cast -in place reinforced web concrete were formed due to the restriction of old web concrete. Then, the control measure taken on these cracks is discussed.     

Influence of Shrinkage Cracks on Chloride Penetration and Crabonation of Concrete

The influence of shrinkage crack on chloride ion penetration and carbonation of concrete is investigated. The concrete samples with shrinkage crack of 0.07 mm,0.1 mm,0.2 mm,0.4 mm and 0.62 mm are prepared, and both an accelerated carbonation test and Qingdao sea water corrosion test are conducted on sound concrete and cracked concretes. The depths of carbonation, the content of free chloride and total chloride in crack zone and perimeter zone of concrete are analyzed. The enperimental result shows that both free chloride and total chloride content in cracked concrete increase with the rise of the shrinkage crack width, and they are related in quadratic function. The chloride penetration velocity in crack zone is higher than that in perimeter zone of concrete. However, the increased specific surface in shrinkage crack tip improves chloride binding capacity and decreases the free chloride content in this zone. When the shrinkage crack is less than 0.07mm, the carbonation depth in crack zone is same as that of sound concrete. The chloride diffusion coefficient and the carbonation depth of cracked concrete increase limited as the shrinkage crack is less than 0.1mm, and then increase significantly with the increasing of shrinkage cracked width. Moreover, the carbonation depth in crack zone is increased by 3mm in comparison with that in perimeter zone of cracked concrete.     

Influence of Cement Fineness and Components on Temperature Rise of Concrete

Adiabatic temperature rise of mass concrete is effected by many factors. Among those factors, the analysis of cement fineness and components is lacking. Influences of cement fineness, alkali content, replacement of fly ash, and gypsum content on temperature rise of concrete were investigated. The test results show that, temperature rise and temperature rise rate are improved with the increment of specific surface area of cement. When alkali content is ranging from 0.4% to 1.2%, the maximum temperature is reduced with the increment of alkali content, and the temperature-time will be extended whether too high or too low alkali content in cement. The increment of replacement of fly ash and gypsum content is good for reducing temperature rise of concrete.     

Study on Influence of Mineral Admixture on Chloride Ion Penetration and Diffusion in Concrete

In this paper, the influences of different kinds and different amount of mineral admixture to Cl-penetration and diffusion in concrete are studied. The results of experiment show that separate addition of mineral admixture (ground fly ash, slag fines, silica fume) into concrete can improve its resistance to chloride ion penetration and diffusion. Furthermore,the effect of silica fume is the best, fly ash second, and then follows slag fines. Mechanism analysis shows that the pozzolanic effect of mineral admixture improves the interface between the cement and aggregate in concrete, reduces the total porosity, makes pores more smaller, on the other hand it increases the Cl-consolidation capability of concrete with low alkaline C-S-H gel produced. So the resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete is improved.     

Test on Seismic Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Beams Composite Rehabilitation with Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Steel Plate

Neither the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic nor the steel plate strengthening concrete components shows sufficiency in improving the structures' seismic behaviors independently, while they complement each other by the way of composite strengthening. Six reinforced concrete beams, five of which are strengthened, were comparatively and experimentally tested under low frequency cyclic load to investigate their mechanical performances such as characteristic of resilience, hysteretic curve, seismic behaviors, skeleton curve, degeneration of rigidity and loading capacity. It is indicated that the way of composite strengthening can boost the beams′ ultimate bearing capacity, ductility and deformability capacity effectively, and it can delay rigidity degeneration and improve the seismic behaviors of the beams. Also, the CFRP and steel plate can work together very well.     

源于叙利亚小麦ICA31抗条锈病基因分析及分子标记研究

遗传分析表明,小麦材料ICA31携带一个显性抗条锈病基因,对流行的优势条锈菌小种条中30,31,32免疫;据等位性测定,ICA31抗条锈基因与已知抗锈基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15不等位;从抗源的系谱分析,该基因来源于叙利亚普通小麦品系叙18;利用微卫星标记和分组分析(BSA)法,筛选到与该抗条锈病基因（Yr-Syria）紧密连锁的SSR标记WMS11-193;对F2分离群体142个单株分析结果表明,该抗条锈病基因（Yr-Syria）与WMS11-193间遗传距离为2.1cM;将Yr-Syria定位于小麦1BS上;为该基因进行抗条锈小麦分子辅助育种打下基础。     

瓜类蔬菜白粉病抗性诱导及其抗病机制研究进展

白粉病的抗性诱导可有效减轻其对瓜类蔬菜生产的危害,是进行瓜类蔬菜有机生产的一种重要技术措施。主要从化学因子、物理因子、生物因子诱导以及物理机制、生理生化机制、分子机制等方面,综述了近年来在瓜类蔬菜白粉病的抗性诱导途径及其抗病机制等研究中所取得的成果,分析了存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

土壤胁迫与温度对转Bt基因棉抗虫性的影响

土壤水分过多和过少均不利于转 Bt基因棉杀虫蛋白的表达 ,土壤涝渍可造成转 Bt基因棉抗虫性的显著下降 ,而土壤干旱的影响则相对较小。低温 ( 1 8℃ )不仅可明显降低转 Bt基因棉抗虫基因的表达活性 ,亦可明显降低已表达于棉株中的杀虫蛋白的抗虫活性。高温 ( 3 8℃ )亦可降低转 Bt基因棉抗虫基因的表达活性 ,但较低温的影响则相对较小 ;高温下已表达于棉株中的杀虫蛋白对低龄棉铃虫幼虫的抗虫活性明显增强。因此 ,应加强转 Bt基因棉田的水肥管理 ,保证转 Bt基因棉抗虫性的高效表达 ,重视各种异常天气后转 Bt基因棉田间的虫量监测 ,适时进行防治     

棉花对枯黄萎病的抗性鉴定及病害对产量的影响

对来自长江流域棉区的50份陆地棉新品系(品种)进行了抗枯萎病(Fusarium vasinfectum)或抗黄萎病(Verticillium alboatrum)鉴定,并从中选择10个新品系为试验材料,对枯萎病和黄萎病各级病株所造成的籽棉产量损失进行了研究.试验结果表明:(1)有4个品系抗枯萎病,占抗枯萎病鉴定材料(40份)的10.0%;耐病27个,占67.5%;感病9个,占22.5