四川阿坝县秋季牧草钙磷等矿物元素特征及其与土壤钙磷含量的关系

采用常规方法测定了四川阿坝县4个不同牧场秋季(9月)牧草矿物元素含量及土壤中的钙磷含量,以期为该地区反刍动物的放牧饲养提供依据。结果表明:阿坝县4个地区秋季牧草矿物元素中钙、钠和锌的含量差异不显著,磷、铁、铜、钾、镁、锰和硒含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中磷、锌和硒的含量不能满足反刍家畜的营养需求,需要补饲;土壤中钙含量差异不显著,全磷和有效磷差异显著(P<0.05);牧草中的钙、磷含量与土壤中钙、磷含量之间没有显著的相关性。     

藏北高原高寒草地土壤有效养分含量研究

选择藏北高原高寒草地不同海拔的12个样地对土壤有效养分进行研究,结果表明:在海拔4 480m优势植物为嵩草(Kobresiaspp)、苔草(Carex tristachya)的高山草原土速效氮含量较高;人工种植的在海拔4 530m的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和海拔4 300m燕麦草(Arrhenatherum elatius)有效磷含量较高;高山草原土壤速效钾含量较高;在海拔4 466m优势植物为早熟禾(Poasp.)的高山草原土有效铜和有效铁含量较高;在海拔4 481m高山草甸土的裸地有效锰含量较高;在海拔3 473m原生植被覆盖的亚高山草原土有效锌含量较高。有效氮、磷、铜、锌和锰在高山草原土中分布异质性较亚高山草原土、高山草甸土和高山荒漠土差;速效钾在各种类型土壤中分布异质性较均匀;有效铜在亚高山草原土中分布异质性较差。总体而言,藏北高原高寒草地中土壤有效养分含量高低和分布异质性,受到海拔高度、土壤质地、地上植被、人为开发利用及气候变化等多种因素影响。     

拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊牧草、血液及被毛矿物质含量

为分析拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊采食牧草、血液及被毛中主要矿物质元素的含量,试验选用1.5岁左右彭波半细毛羊母羊60只,随机分为放牧组(GZ)和舍饲组(IF)进行试验。结果表明:试验所用牧草矿物质元素,除钼外其他元素含量均为绿麦草>冬季天然牧草。冬季天然牧草磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒及绿麦草镁含量低于正常范围。(2)舍饲组血清钙(P=0.026)、硫(P=0.030)、铜(P=0.011)和钼(P=0.014)含量高于放牧组,镁(P=0.090)、铁(P=0.071)、锌(P=0.083)和碘(P=0.066)含量有增高的趋势;其被毛钙(P=0.003)、磷(P=0.006)、镁(P<0.001)、铁(P=0.022)、锰(P<0.001)和碘(P=0.012)含量均高于后者,铜含量有增高的趋势(P=0.068)。在血液和被毛中,放牧组血清铜、锰及被毛铜、锰和硒含量及舍饲组血锰及被毛锰、硒含量均低于推荐值。以上结果表明,拉萨河谷冬春季放牧彭波半细毛羊钙、铁、钼和碘充足,但磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒缺乏或不足;舍饲(以谷物为主的精补料+绿麦草干草)能有效解决磷、镁、硫、铜、锌和硒的缺乏问题,但锰仍需补充。     

8个猕猴桃品种叶片矿质养分含量的生长期变化及其相关性

以8个猕猴桃品种（‘海沃德’、‘米良1号’、‘徐香’、‘金香’、‘哑特’、‘翠香’、‘农大金猕’、‘金魁’）为试材,连续两年分析猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素含量的生长期变化特点及其相关性。结果表明,不同猕猴桃品种叶片养分含量差异显著。其中,‘海沃德’叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;‘米良1号’叶片氮、钙含量较高;‘翠香’叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;‘农大金猕’和‘金魁’叶片氮、钾均较低。猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾含量从坐果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降,之后在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升;叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量均随着生长期的推进而呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮、磷与钾之间呈显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼之间呈显著负相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等中微量元素之间多呈显著正相关。本研究为生产上不同猕猴桃品种的科学施肥和高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋鸡组织中矿物元素含量的影响

在玉米—豆饼型基础饲粮中添加不同水平锌和钙,研究了饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋鸡不同组织中九种矿物元素含量的影响。结果表明,肝脏、胰脏和胫骨中锌含量对饲粮锌水平的反应比其它组织敏感。高锌饲粮使血液钙、镁、锰、铜和磷含量,输卵管磷和钾含量显著降低。高钙饲粮使血液铜,肝脏锌、铜、锰、镁、磷、钾和钠含量,胰脏铜含量,肌肉锌含量,胫骨镁、锰、铁、铜和钾含量显著降低,但使血液和肺脏磷含量显著提高。     

血余炭,鸡毛,藏雪鸡毛水提取液无机离子含量测定

对血余炭、鸡毛、藏雪鸡毛的水提取液中钠、钾、钙、镁、氯、磷、铁、铜、锌、锰、砷、硒等１２种无机离子含量进行了定量分析。     

三江源退化高寒草原土壤微量元素与植被特征及其关系

为探究三江源不同退化程度高寒草原土壤微量元素与植被特征及其关系,以青海省玛多县地区不同退化程度高寒草原为研究对象,调查植被群落特征,测定土壤微量元素(铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、硒)含量,分析影响高寒草原植被群落退化的关键土壤微量元素。研究结果表明：随着高寒草原退化的加剧,草地盖度逐渐降低,草地多样性、丰富度、地上生物量呈先升高后降低趋势;土壤中微量元素的含量均呈下降趋势;植被群落特征与土壤中铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、硒含量正相关,其中与土壤铁、有效铜、有效硼的含量的关系最为密切。     

戈壁草原蒙古羊春季羔羊铜缺乏症的研究

[目的] 确定内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部地区春季发生的戈壁草原蒙古羊羔羊发病、死亡现象的主要原因。[方法] 选取3户羔羊发病情况最为严重的牧户采样,每户各采集5只发病羔羊的血液样本、放牧草场的饮用水样本,以及羔羊所处环境中3种主要牧草（红砂、珍珠猪毛菜和盐爪爪）样本和土壤样本,同时采集当地种羊场15只相同品种健康羔羊的样本作为对照,测定上述样本中的10种矿物质元素（钙、磷、铁、锰、铜、锌、镁、钼、硒、钴）的含量。[结果] 发病羔羊血液中铜和镁的含量显著（P<0.05）低于同品种健康羔羊,钼的含量显著（P<0.05）高于同品种健康羔羊,其他矿物质元素的含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。发病羔羊所处环境中饮用水的镁和钙含量较高。发病羔羊所处环境中红砂的钼、铁、锰和硒含量均高于文献报道值,其他矿物质元素含量均处于正常范围;盐爪爪的钼、铁、锰、硒、镁和钴的含量高于文献报道值,其他矿物质元素含量均处于正常范围;珍珠猪毛菜、红砂和盐爪爪的铜钼比分别为15.96∶1、0.23∶1和2.34∶1。发病羔羊所处环境中土壤样本的铜、铁、锰、硒、钴含量均低于文献报道值,镁、钙和磷含量均高于文献报道值,钼和锌含量在正常范围内。[结论] 该地区戈壁草原蒙古羊羔羊发病、死亡的原因主要是放牧羊摄入铜不足、钼超标、铁和锰等矿物质元素摄入量过多,导致羔羊对铜的吸收发生障碍,最终引起继发性铜缺乏症。     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅱ)

本试验通过研究伊犁夏牧场不同年龄、不同性别绵羊羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量及变化规律,为夏季放牧绵羊科学补饲微量元素提供依据。选择在新疆伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)1 400~2 999 m垂直带放牧的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛和血液样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量,并评估其微量元素的营养生态环境。结果表明,放牧绵羊羊毛铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为520.70、3.89、30.16、102.64 mg/kg和41.18 μg/kg,其中铜和硒分别低于正常值48.3%和79.7%,而铁高于正常值603.4%;血液中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为357.05、4.18、0.25、3.08 mg/L和45.23 μg/L,其中铜、硒分别低于正常值29.9%和73.9%,而铁高于正常值95.5%。羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒含量均随年龄而增加。不同性别绵羊间血液中锌、硒含量差异明显。     

无公害黑花生种植技术

黑花生是富含硒、铁、锌等微量元素和黑色素的新品种。内含钙、钾、铜、锌、铁、硒、锰和8种维生素及19种人体所需的氨基酸等营养成分。黑花生与红花生相比，粗蛋白质含量高5％，精氨酸含最高23．9％，钾含量高19％，锌含量高48％，硒含最高101％。由于黑花生富含硒和其他微量元素，在维持人体生长发育、机体免疫、心脑血管保健方面有良好作用。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.