紫花苜蓿品质性状和农艺性状的相关性研究

应用灰色关联度分析方法,对适合沧州市的几个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa 品种进行分析,结果表明;各性状对干草产量的关联度由大到小依次是:分枝数>粗纤维含量>单株产量>株高>茎叶比>粗脂肪含量>粗蛋白含量;各性状对蛋白质含量的关联度由大到小依次是:株高>分枝数>粗纤维含量>粗脂肪含量>茎叶比>干草产量>单株产量;各性状对粗纤维含量的关联度由大到小依次是:干草产量>株高>分枝数>茎叶比>粗蛋白>单株产量>粗脂肪.试验结果为优质高产苜蓿品种的引种与选育提供了一定的理论参考依据.     

高寒地区紫花苜蓿农艺性状与产量形成关系的多重分析

对15份紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）种质的8个农艺性状与产量的形成关系进行多重分析.结果表明：①紫花苜蓿主要农艺性状的变异系数达15.08％～38.76％,且茎粗（0.8538）、单株分支数（0.8432）、主枝侧枝数（0.6341）、节间长（0.9259）、茎叶比（0.6848）和株高（0.5952）与产量呈（极）显著正相关.②通径分析显示：8个农艺性状对产量直接作用大小的顺序依次为：单株分支数＞主枝侧枝数＞节间数＞叶长宽比＞茎粗＞节间长＞株高＞茎叶比.③主成分与回归分析显示,单株分支数、主枝侧枝数、节间数和叶长宽比4个农艺性状对产量形成的贡献最大,是构成产量的主要因素.④筛选评比发现,普拉蒂尼、三得利和游客这3种紫花苜蓿在天祝高寒地区适应性强,草产量高,适合在全县大面积推广种植.     

我国结缕草种质资源结实性的初步研究

对我国65份有代表性的结缕草种质资源的种子产量及其组分包括花穗密度、单位花穗种子数以及干粒重进行了观测分析。结果表明，结缕草种质资源的种子产量及其组分存在很大的变异，其中种子产量变异幅度最大，变异系数达101％，种子产量组分的变异系数大小排序为：花穗密度＞干粒重＞单位花穗种子数。通径分析的结果表明，花穗密度对种子产量的贡献最大，其次为单位花穗种子数，最后为干粒重。多重比较结果表明，Z039、Z113、Z116、Z016以及Z103的种子产量显著高于其他种源。     

22个燕麦品种在黄淮海地区的农艺性状与饲草品质综合评价

为探明不同燕麦品种在黄淮海地区的生长表现及其对饲草产量和品质的影响,以22个燕麦品种为研究对象,连续两年开展农艺性状、干物质产量和养分含量观测,通过聚类分析和灰色关联度综合评价,筛选综合评价较高的适栽品种.结果显示,各品种间叶比重、穗比重和茎叶比变异较大,两年的变异系数均大于15％,茎比重、株高变异较小,其变异系数均低...     

哈萨克斯坦共和国冰草种质资源特性研究

对哈萨克斯坦共和国禾本科冰草属Agropyrom植物100个种质资源的适应性、生产性能及有关生物学特性进行了系统的研究。结果表明,有3个种质材料鲜干比、茎叶比、饲草产量、种子产量、开花期粗蛋白含量等综合指标高于当地大面积推广种植的品种。     

应用灰色关联度综合评价甜高梁的生产性能

采用灰色关联度分析法对8个甜高粱(Sorghum dochna)品种的9个性状进行综合评价.结果表明:在青海东部农业区表现较好的甜高粱品种有九甜杂三、大力士、超级放牧者,而吉甜3号和辽甜1号的生产性能较差.各项指标的权重大小顺序为单株干质量＞分蘖数＞鲜干比＞鲜重产量＞主茎粗＞单株鲜质量＞出苗率＞株高＞绿叶数,研究结果可为该地区甜高粱的引种及推广提供科学依据.     

扁穗雀麦不同种质材料生长性能和品质比较

为了选育高产、优质且适宜性较好的扁穗雀麦新品系,对贵州不同生态区域的9份种质材料的物候期、株高、草产量与品质、种子产量进行了比较研究。结果表明:扁穗雀麦不同种质材料在贵州独山都能完成其生育期,不同种质材料间株高、草产量和种子产量等生长性能与粗蛋白、粗纤维等品质存在显著差异,其中,采集于独山县6号和普定县19号扁穗雀麦种质材料的鲜干草产量和种子产量较高且草品质好,适宜作为扁穗雀麦新品种培育和应用的种质材料。     

20份新疆紫花苜蓿种质的形态特征与农艺性状研究

为了掌握新疆紫花苜蓿的种质资源特性,筛选优良遗传育种材料,对20份来源于新疆不同地区的紫花苜蓿形态特征和农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明:新疆紫花苜蓿种质资源形态特征在不同种质材料之间有较大的差异。其中,叶面积变异幅度较大,变异系数为26.01%,变化范围在0.83~3.10cm2之间。种质ChangJi叶面积最大。株高变异位居第二,变异范围在36.2~110.3cm。主要农艺性状指标中,种子产量变异最大,来自阿尔泰的AerTai2种子产量最高,达2221.11kg/hm2。种质KuerL总干草产量最高,达38459.22kg/hm2。种质HaBHe越冬率最高,达98.53%。种质HaBHe、ChangJi、TaChen、XinY2、FuHai、KuerL、HeT、MinF1植株高大、草产量和种子产量高、刈割后再生快,越冬率高,综合农艺性状好、生产性能优良,可在苜蓿育种或生产中优先利用。     

73份俄罗斯百脉根的营养价值和相对饲喂价值的评价

以里奥、迈瑞伯及佐治亚3份中国材料为对照,对引进的73份俄罗斯百脉根种质材料的干物质、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、粗灰分5项营养指标及相对饲喂价值进行测定,并采用灰色关联度法及聚类分析法对各种质材料的营养价值和相对饲喂价值进行综合评价。结果表明:73份俄罗斯百脉根种质材料营养成分含量差异明显,相对饲喂价值变异系数最大,为23.33%,变异明显;中性洗涤纤维的变异系数较大,为15.05%,变异明显;酸性洗涤纤维及粗蛋白变异较明显,变异系数分别为12.65%、11.95%;粗灰分变异不明显,变异系数为8.40%;干物质的变异系数最小,仅为1.28%,变异最不明显。通过灰色关联度及聚类分析,将73份俄罗斯百脉根种质材料分为4类,第1类材料营养价值高,相对饲喂价值高,包括Zxy09p-6485等13份材料;第2类材料营养价值较高,相对饲喂价值较高,包括Zxy08p-4868等20份材料;第3类材料营养价值中等,相对饲喂价值中等,包括Zxy06p-2376等17份材料;第4类材料营养价值低,相对饲喂价值低,包括Zxy06p-1785等23份材料;对照里奥及佐治亚处于第3类,迈瑞伯处于第4类,73份俄罗斯百脉根种质材料中有36份材料的营养价值及相对饲喂价值均优于3份对照材料,可适当推广种植。     

老芒麦种质资源在青海环湖地区农艺性状的比较

对5份老芒麦野生材料从生育期、株高、叶片大小、茎叶比、分蘖数、种子产量等主要农艺性状方面进行了比较研究。结果表明,在5份供试材料中,采自新疆乌鲁木齐甘沟的老芒麦(E2)具有产草和种子产量高的优势,农艺性状和生产性能最为突出,生产潜力大,可作为培育高产栽培品种的种质材料,也是改良某些品种的理想的亲本材料。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein