共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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甘薯茎线虫病的发生与防治 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
甘薯茎线虫病又名糠心病、空心病、油梆子.此病1937年传入我国,随着农民之间的引种和调种,病害在河南省大面积发生与流行,并成为河南省甘薯产区的主要病害之一,尤以洛阳、禹州、郸城、鹤壁等地区发生较为严重. 相似文献
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甘薯茎线虫病的危害与防治措施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
甘薯茎线虫病的危害与防治措施徐德坤,王琪,张玉东,李敬瑞,段希运(山东省临沂市农业局276001)(沂水县农业局)甘薯茎线虫病是危及甘薯生产的一种毁灭性病害,是国内植物检疫对象。近年来在我市危害十分严重,已成为发展甘薯生产的主要障碍,影响甘薯的产量和... 相似文献
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甘薯茎线虫病的发生与防治 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
甘薯茎线虫病近年在荥阳市发生日趋严重。在调查研究的基础上,提出包括严格执行检疫措施、培育无病薯种薯苗、轮作防病等多项防治措施,以防止病害进一步扩大蔓延。 相似文献
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甘薯茎线虫病俗称糠心病、空心病、糠梆子、黑梆子、糠裂皮、糠皮病等,主要危害薯块,其次危害薯苗和薯蔓基部,可使甘薯严重减产,一般减产幅度为20%~ 30%,严重者可达50%以上.介绍了甘薯茎线虫病的发生规律及发病症状,并提出了防治措施. 相似文献
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利用扫描电子显微镜对被甘薯糠腐茎线虫(DitylenchusdestructorThorne)侵染的甘薯组织细胞的损伤情况进行了观察,结果表明:与健康甘薯相比,轻一中度侵染的病薯细胞失水,雏缩,细胞间隙加大,淀粉粒颗粒变小,大部分细胞出现及变形等病理变化,同时可见许多正在侵染的线虫;患病严重的薯块内细胞严重失水,皱缩,细胞间呈现大的空隙,维管组织变形,有的破碎,细胞内淀粉数量明业减少甚至完全丢失, 相似文献
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全国甘薯品种资源茎线虫病的抗性鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
甘薯茎线虫病(Dity lenchus destructor)在我国北方薯区发生最重,一般危害薯块可减产1~5成,严重的绝产。我们于1981~1991年对我单位现存的国内外主要甘薯品种资源进行了抗茎线虫病鉴定,旨在筛选抗源,以供育种利用。 相似文献
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Summary In two experiments, using different testing methods, the number of newly formed cysts was determined on nine potato genotypes with resistance from various sources. Ten potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations were used in these experiments. Rank correlation between numbers of cysts over potato genotype-PCN population combinations for both experiments was high (rs = 0.90). Dendrograms for PCN populations and potato genotypes were constructed, based on a simultaneous hierarchical clustering procedure for potato genotype-PCN population interaction terms. Several virulence groups could be identified within Globodera rostochiensis as well as within G. pallida. Host genotypes, derived from the same sources of resistance, were clustered in different resistance groups. 相似文献
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P. E. Abidin F. A. van Eeuwijk P. Stam P. C. Struik M. Malosetti R. O. M. Mwanga B. Odongo M. Hermann E. E. Carey 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):491-497
Sixteen sweet potato varieties were evaluated for fresh storage root yield in 20 trials during 2000–2001 for three seasons in four locations in Uganda. Of the 16 varieties, 11 were developed by farmers and five by a central breeding programme. The behaviour of the varieties was quantified in terms of wide adaptation (genotypic mean across trials), specific adaptation (genotypic predictions for specific locations) and stability (Shukla stability variance). With respect to all three aspects of yield behaviour, farmer varieties performed on average better than the official varieties. The results illustrate the potential that farmer varieties can have in the improvement of sweet potato in Uganda and other regions where high diversity of sweet potato landraces exists. 相似文献
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为筛选适宜豫中南地区种植的紫色甘薯,采取2年2点完全随机区组试验设计,以本地紫薯品种漯紫1号和漯紫5号为对照,引进5个外来紫薯品种,主要从农艺性状、鲜薯产量、干产及淀粉产量4个方面进行比较鉴定。结果表明:相同品种在唐河和舞钢的长势基本一致,产量因品种、地点及种植年份不同而存在差异,但供试品种与对照在鲜薯产量、干产以及淀粉产量方面差异均不显著,初步认定适宜引入本地的品种为商徐紫1号、绵紫9、烟紫3号和冀紫2号。 相似文献
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马铃薯不同品种(系)和稻、薯轮作模式对根结线虫病的防治效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根结线虫病是马铃薯连作减产的主要原因之一。为研究根结线虫病的农艺防治措施,本文开展了品种抗性评价、稻、薯轮作和土壤淹水下的线虫消减动态研究。抗性评价试验表明, 18个品种(系)中没有筛选到同时抗南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫的材料,品系1002-1和品种丽薯6号相对抗性较好,青薯9号和合作88相对敏感。马铃薯根结线虫发病土壤中可同时检测到卵、幼虫和成虫等不同形态。水旱轮作试验表明,经一茬水稻栽培可使土壤中根结线虫虫态完全消失,再种植马铃薯也不再发生根结线虫病,且马铃薯有效产量显著提高,青薯9号、合作88和丽薯6号的单株有效产量较对照分别提高50.5%、43.7%和26.0%,差异均极显著, 1002-1单株有效产量与对照差异不显著。由此可见,稻、薯轮作根结线虫防治效果明显。为进一步探索水旱轮作的防治机制,观察了土壤淹水进程中各种虫态消减动态。结果表明,在淹水过程中,根结线虫的卵、幼虫和成虫不同虫态此消彼长,要淹水60 d以上,土壤中才检测不到所有形态虫体。水早轮作中水稻生长期淹水时间足够长,满足防治线虫的淹水条件。因此结合抗病品种选用进行稻、薯轮作是防治马铃薯根结线虫病既绿色环保又可持续有... 相似文献
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以10个不同类型的甘薯品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,以纯作为对照,研究小麦与甘薯行数比在3∶1和2∶1套作模式下甘薯地上部农艺性状和2种作物鲜产的变化。结果表明:参试甘薯最长蔓长比纯作减小;分枝数和茎粗因品种差异变化不尽一致;漯薯14号在3∶1模式种植时较纯作增产18.77%,漯薯15号在2∶1套作模式下较纯作增产3.99%,其余甘薯品种及小麦鲜产均不同程度下降;套作兼用型(漯薯11号和漯薯15号)甘薯品种产量更高;麦薯3∶1比2∶1套作模式更具优势。 相似文献
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Kenji Asano Akira Kobayashi Shogo Tsuda Mio Nishinaka Seiji Tamiya 《Breeding Science》2012,62(2):142-150
One of major objectives of crop breeding is conferring resistance to diseases and pests. However, large-scale phenotypic evaluation for many diseases and pests is difficult because strict controls are required to prevent their spread. Detection of disease resistance genes by using DNA markers may be an alternative approach to select potentially resistant accessions. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeders in Japan extensively use resistance gene H1, which confers nearly absolute resistance to potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) pathotype Ro1, the only pathotype found in Japan. However, considering the possibility of accidental introduction of the other pathotypes, breeding of resistant varieties is an important strategy to prevent infestation by non-invading pathotypes in Japan. In this study, to evaluate the prevalence of resistance genes in Japanese genetic resources, we developed a multiplex PCR method that simultaneously detects 3 resistance genes, H1, Gpa2 and Gro1-4. We revealed that many Japanese varieties possess not only H1 but Gpa2, which are potentially resistant to other pathotypes of potato cyst nematode. On the other hand, no genotype was found to have the Gro1-4, indicating importance of introduction of varieties having Gro1-4. Our results demonstrate the applicability of DNA-marker assisted evaluation of resistant potato genotypes without phenotypic evaluation. 相似文献