瓣胃注射后灌服润燥汤治疗牛百叶干

百叶干又称瓣胃阻塞 ,是耕牛春秋季节的常发病之一 ,且较难治疗。近十年来 ,采取瓣胃注射泻药疏通胃肠后 ,再灌服润燥汤的治疗方案 ,收治 2 9例 ,治愈 2 6例 ,死亡 3例 ,有效率为 89 7%。1　治疗方法1 1　瓣胃注射泻下药取芒硝 2 5 0～ 40 0ｇ ,石蜡油 2 0 0～ 3 0 0ｍＬ ,青霉素 160万～480万Ｕ ,链霉素 10 0万～ 2 0 0万Ｕ ,倒入盛有 3 0 0 0～ 40 0 0ｍＬ温水的瓷盆中搅拌溶解后一次注入到瓣胃中。1 2　灌服润燥汤在瓣胃注射后进行。润燥汤组方 :黎芦 60ｇ、常山 60ｇ、白术 3 0ｇ、二丑 60ｇ、当归 60ｇ、川芎 60ｇ、甘草 6ｇ。各药混合…     

中西兽医结合治疗耕牛寒性水肿的疗效观察

耕牛寒性水肿 ,是指机体阳气虚衰 ,水湿的输布、运化和气化失常 ,水液潴留 ,泛滥肌肤 ,致腕关节或跗关节以下发生水肿为主要特征的一种病症。本病尚伴有眼睑、头面等全身浮肿 ,严重者还伴有前槽停水或宿水停脐。笔者在临床实践中 ,以中兽医辩证施治为基础 ,自拟“消肿汤” ,随证加减 ,并采用中西兽医结合的方法治疗 2 6例 ,取得良好疗效。1　方剂组成1 1　药物组成白术 80 g、苍术 80 g、黄芪 60g、党参 50g、厚朴 50 g、干姜 60 g、陈皮 50 g、青皮 40 g、茯苓 60 g、猪苓 60 g、桂枝 50g、甘草 2 0 g。用法 :打末煎汤 ,体重 3 0 0kg左右…     

耕牛冷热泻验方两则

1　耕牛冷泻验方　用银柴胡2 0 0ｇ、紫苏 5 0ｇ、肉桂 40ｇ、粟壳 30ｇ、白叩 30ｇ、枳壳 6 0ｇ、厚朴 6 0ｇ、广木香 5 0ｇ、白头翁 80ｇ、儿茶 5 0ｇ、白术 6 0ｇ、五倍子6 0ｇ、猪苓 40ｇ、泽泻 40ｇ、明矾 6 0ｇ、虎文80ｇ、甘草 5 0ｇ ,将以上药物煎水内服 ,每日服 3次 ,连服几日。2　耕牛热泻验方　川黄连 6 0ｇ、广木香 80ｇ、白芍 6 0ｇ、黄苓 6 0ｇ、千里光(又名黄花草 ) 5 0 0ｇ、黄柏 80ｇ、栀子 80ｇ、甘草 2 0ｇ、鱼腥草 5 0 0ｇ、炒莱菔子 2 0 0ｇ、蒲公英 2 0 0ｇ ,灯芯草、茅草根为引 ,煎水内服。耕牛冷热泻验方两则$四川…     

健脾理气汤治疗耕牛寒泻效果显著

耕牛寒泻是指因寒邪内侵或机体阳气虚衰,运化失常而出现以泄泻为特征的病症。它以粪便稀薄或泻水,清浊不分,消化紊乱,鼻寒耳冷,四肢不温等为主要特征。多见于寒冷季节和老弱病畜。用健脾理气汤作为基本方剂,治疗疗效显著,总有效率达90.3%。     

对母畜常见病的辨证论治探讨

1　发情期腹痛发情期腹痛虽有虚实之分 ,然临诊所见 ,以实症居多 ,大多发生于年轻母畜 ,由于饮食不正常 ,寒温失宜 ,逸劳无常 ,交配过渡或发情开始时 ,淋雨涉水 ,或急惊恐肝气郁抑所致。大多因寒客胞络 ,气滞失畅 ,瘀阻不行而成。一般可分三类 :即寒凝、气滞、瘀阻。寒凝症 :发情期生殖器管气血内分泌等循行不畅 ,胁脐敏感或后腹冷痛 ,喜按喜暖 ,口白唇青 ,粪稀 ,脉沉紧或迟 ,舌苔薄白 ,甚或舌青紫 ,当温通逐寒。方 :温通逐寒汤。炒全当归 6 0 ｇ ,川芎 30 ｇ ,酒白芍 4 0 ｇ ,淡吴萸1 6 ｇ ,制香附 50 ｇ ,广木香 2 0 ｇ ,小茴香 1 5ｇ ,肉…     

中西医结合治疗犬病毒性腹泻效果好

江苏省沛县郝寨镇正大养殖场年养殖肉种狗 2 0 0 0余条。过去对犬病的治疗一直以西医为主 ,效果不甚理想。后采用中医配合西医治疗犬病毒性腹泻 ,取得了较好的效果 ,治愈率达到 95%以上。现将其治疗方法介绍如下。1　中医疗法( 1 )方剂 :取地榆 1 0 ｇ、槐花 1 0 ｇ、双花 1 5ｇ、龙胆草 1 0 ｇ、大青叶 1 0 ｇ、黄连须1 0 ｇ、郁金 1 0 ｇ、乌梅 1 0 ｇ、河子 1 0 ｇ、芸苓1 0ｇ、当归 1 5ｇ、甘草 1 0 ｇ ,用水煎服 ,每天1剂 ,连用 3ｄ ,可治疗 3只幼犬。( 2 )投药方法 :令犬取立姿或坐姿 ,适当保定。投药者用左手自口角打开口腔 ,右手持…     

母猪产后缺乳症的诊治

缺乳症为母猪产后常发病之一 ,临床以乳房松软、不充盈、拒哺为特征。笔者以中药方剂“加味下乳散”为主 ,结合配套措施治疗效果显著 ,共治疗 58例 ,治愈 56例 ,治愈率达96 6 % ,介绍如下。1　临床症状多发于母猪产后 1～ 3ｄ ,病程长短不定。母猪体况较差或体虚无力 ,精神沉郁 ,食欲减退 ,多伏卧 ,拒绝仔猪哺乳或仔猪强行哺乳时站立、躲避 ;仔猪饥饿、消瘦、塌肷 ,病程较长者可致仔猪饿死。2　治疗2 .1　中药治疗采用“加味下乳散” ,其方剂组成为 :党参1 5ｇ、生芪 1 2 ｇ、当归 1 2 ｇ、川芎 8ｇ、皂刺 6 ｇ、木通 1 0 ｇ、王不留行 1 2…     

牛瘤胃膨胀的辨证施治

牛肚胀是常发病 ,近几年就诊治 2 0 0多头 ,根据发病的原因与牛体状况的不同 ,牛肚胀在临床上可分为寒、热、虚、实胀 4种。寒胀症状 :阴寒内侵脾胃 ,过食青嫩饲草 ,过饮冷水 ,吃喝不久即现肚胀 ,手拍左肷有鼓音。食欲 ,反刍均无 ,牛角、鼻镜、耳尖及下肢发凉 ,口色青白 ,牙床白 ,口滑利不臭 ,体温不高 ,心音低 ,脉迟细 ,粪稀 ,尿清长 ,被毛逆立 ,为里寒症。治疗 :温中散寒 ,行气消满。方剂 :(1 )烟叶 1 0 0ｇ、棉油1 0 0 0ｍｌ,冬天用。先把烟时炒黄弄碎 ,棉油加温 ,调匀灌服。 (2 )白酒 1 50～ 2 0 0ｍｌ、温水 1 0 0 0ｍｌ,调服。 (3 )桂…     

临床验方

治母猪缺乳症韭菜 2 50～ 50 0ｇ,甜酒糟 50 0～ 1 0 0 0ｇ ,水鱼250ｇ ,捣碎开水冲后给猪灌服 ,连用 2～ 3次即可(青田　撰文 )治鸡白痢方生姜和莴笋皮各 1份 ,浸米水喂给。治猪消化不良芒硝 50～ 80ｇ ,复方龙胆酊 2 0～ 40ｍＬ ,番木鳖酊 1ｍＬ ,混合一次内服。治猪便秘方芒硝 2 5～ 50ｇ ,兑多量水一次内服。治羊口炎青黛、枯矾各 9ｇ ,黄连、儿茶各 6ｇ ,冰片3ｇ ,研成细末 ,装入袋中。将药袋塞入羊口中 ,两端系牢。饮水喂料时取下 ,每日换药 1次。治母牛产后缺乳王不留行 60ｇ ,茅草根、黄芪、当归、党参、甲珠各 3 0ｇ ,通草、熟地各…     

参灵汤治疗母牛胎衣不下的临床体会

参灵汤是用中药“十九畏”中的人参配五灵脂加活血化瘀药组成复方。笔者用参灵汤辨证用药 ,中西药结合 ,治疗母牛胎衣不下 ,取得了较满意的效果 ,现介绍如下 :1　方剂组成与方义1 1　方剂组成 :参灵汤由党参 6 0ｇ ,五灵脂 30ｇ ,生蒲黄30ｇ ,当归 30ｇ ,川芎 30ｇ ,益母草 30ｇ组成 ,将上药碾的细末 ,加童便 30 0ｍｌ,一次灌服 ,连服二剂。1 2　方义 :胎衣不下的主要发病机理是由于母牛产前劳役过度 ,身体瘦弱 ,气血不足 ,导致气血运行不畅 ,胞宫收缩不强 ,不能促使胎衣排出。方中党参补元气 ,提高畜体机能 ,使之有力量恢复子宫阵缩。五灵…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …