饲料铅胁迫对吉富罗非鱼生长性能及肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料铅对吉富罗非鱼生长性能及肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响。试验选用200尾全雄吉富罗非鱼,初始体重为(14.44±3.82)g随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复25尾鱼,分别投喂铅添加水平为0和800 mg/kg的饲料,试验期为28 d。结果:饲料铅显著降低了吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P0.05),并显著提高了饲料系数(P0.05);饲料铅胁迫组的丙二醛水平显著升高(P0.05),总抗氧化能力水平与过氧化氢酶活性显著降低(P0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。800 mg/kg的饲料铅胁迫可降低吉富罗非鱼的生长性能,导致肝胰脏抗氧化能力下降。     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

黄曲霉毒素对猪生长性能及免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

选用60头体质量28 kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪（公母各半）,分别饲喂基础日粮（C组）、基础日粮添加0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉毒素（AF组）,试验期90 d。饲养试验结束时,对猪的生长性能、免疫指标和抗氧化指标进行分析。结果表明：黄曲霉素显著影响试验猪的生长性能,日增重降低12.90%（P〈0.01）,料重比提高7.54%（P〈0.01）,同时显著降低试验猪的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。提示：长期饲喂0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉素可诱发猪黄曲霉毒素慢性中毒。     

发酵金针菇菇根对保育猪生产性能、免疫性能和抗氧化性能的影响

为了了解发酵金针菇菇根对保育猪生产性能、免疫性能和抗氧化性能的影响,试验将96头52日龄“杜梅”保育猪随机分为4组,分别为对照组,1%、2%、3%菇根添加组,每组3个重复(3圈),每个重复8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,1%、2%、3%菇根添加组饲喂添加1%、2%和3%的发酵金针菇菇根的基础日粮,试验期为4周。试验第28天称重,统计日增重、日采食量、料重比及腹泻率,采集血样检测免疫性能指标和抗氧化性能指标。结果表明：1%、2%、3%菇根添加组的日增重、日采食量、料重比及腹泻率与对照组相比均差异不显著(P>0.05),添加发酵金针菇菇根对保育猪生长性能没有明显改善作用;但1%、2%、3%菇根添加组的免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。说明添加发酵金针菇菇根能够提高保育猪的免疫性能和抗氧化性能,对保育猪生长...     

酸化剂对山猪保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为探讨酸化剂对山猪保育猪免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响,选取体重15 kg左右的健康地方猪山猪18头,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组全程饮用自来水,试验组每隔1 d自由饮用0.2%酸化剂预调水,试验期30 d,以期探讨酸化剂对山猪保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,酸化剂组保育猪的末重和平均日增重显著升高,料重比显著降低,两组间的平均日采食量无显著差异;酸化剂组保育猪的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著高于对照组,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)含量显著高于对照组,两组间的血清过氧化氢酶CAT活性无显著差异;酸化剂组保育猪的血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组,两组间的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量差异不显著。由此可知,饮水添加酸化剂可提高山猪保育猪的生长性能,对改善山猪保育猪的免疫功能及抗氧化能力具有一定的促进作用。     

柠檬酸对肥育猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

本研究旨在评估肥育猪日粮中添加柠檬酸对其生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。试验将144头体重和健康度接近的杜长大肥育猪随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组8个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验1组和试验2组分别在常规日粮中添加0.02%和0.01%柠檬酸,试验为期90 d。结果表明,肥育猪日粮中添加0.02%柠檬酸能显著提高日增重（ADG）和饲料报酬（F/G）(P <0.05),显著提高血清、十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜和背最长肌的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量（P <0.05）,显著提高血清、回肠黏膜和背最长肌的过氧化氢酶（CAT）,显著降低十二指肠、空肠、回肠黏膜的丙二醛（MDA）含量（P <0.05）;添加0.01%柠檬酸能显著提高空肠黏膜的T-AOC、SOD含量（P <0.05）,显著降低回肠黏膜的MDA含量（P <0.05）。结论 ：肥育猪日粮中添加柠檬酸能提高肥育猪生长性能和抗氧化功能。     

啤酒酵母对生长獭兔免疫和抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的啤酒酵母对生长獭兔免疫和抗氧化性能的影响。选取30日龄左右、健康状况良好、体重相近的白色獭兔120只(公母各占1/2),按性别和体重随机分为4组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中以5、10、15 kg/t的啤酒酵母等量替代豆粕的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各试验组獭兔的死亡率均低于对照组,但无显著差异(P> 0. 05)。2)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各试验组獭兔的脾脏指数均高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,各试验组獭兔的胸腺指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第40天时,试验Ⅱ组獭兔的胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第60天时,各组间獭兔的胸腺指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各试验组獭兔的脾脏和胸腺细胞密度除第20天时试验Ⅰ组脾脏细胞密度低于对照组外均高于对照组,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各组间血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,试验Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第40天和第60天时,试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)第20天、第40天和第60天时,各组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。第20天时,试验Ⅱ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第60天时,试验Ⅱ组血清总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,啤酒酵母可以通过促进胸腺和脾脏的发育以及提高血清免疫球蛋白含量来提高生长獭兔的免疫力,还可以通过提高血清T-AOC和GSH-Px活性来改善生长獭兔的抗氧化能力。     

香菇多糖对育肥猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

文章旨在研究在基础日粮中添加香菇多糖（LNT）对育肥猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,试验选取120头体重相近的育肥猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别按照基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮+250 mg/kg LNT（试验Ⅰ组）、基础日粮+500 mg/kg LNT（试验Ⅱ组）、基础日粮+750 mg/kg LNT（试验Ⅲ组）进行饲喂,试验为期40 d。试验结果表明,（1）试验Ⅱ组日平均采食量、末重显著高于试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅲ组（P <0.05）,极显著高于对照组（P <0.01）;试验Ⅱ组料重比最低,且极显著低于对照组（P <0.01）,显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组（P <0.05）;(2)免疫功能：试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组（P <0.05）,极显著高于对照组（P <0.01）;试验Ⅱ组免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于其余三组（P <0.05）;(3)抗氧化能力：对照组总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著低于各试验组（P <0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著高...     

改性蒙脱石对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究改性蒙脱石(MMT)对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭320只,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只肉鸭。对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,MMT低量组、MMT中量组和MMT高量组分别在基础日粮中添加600、1 200、2 400 mg/kg MMT。试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,MMT中量组和MMT高量组肉鸭平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。MMT低量组、MMT中量组和MMT高量组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加MMT可以提高肉鸭的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力;1 200 mg/kg MMT饲喂肉鸭的效果较理想。     

Dietary supplementation with carnosine improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of finishing pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary carnosine (β‐alanyl‐l ‐histidine) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. 72 pigs approximately 60 kg were fed a corn‐ and soybean meal‐based diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg carnosine per kg diet for 8 weeks. Carnosine supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. However, the addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased pH value of muscle at 45 min, 24 h and 48 h postmortem. It also decreased drip loss at 48 h postmortem and increased redness value of muscle at 45 min postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet enhanced glycogen concentration and Ca‐ATPase activity at 24 and 48 h postmortem, and reduced malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein complexes concentrations in muscle at 24 h postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma, liver or muscle, as well as SOD and GSH‐Px genes expression in muscle (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that carnosine supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs.     

中草药制剂对热应激奶牛泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为探讨复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响,选择产奶中后期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,按泌乳时间和产奶量相近的原则均分为A、B、C和D 4组。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D组分别在每头牛的基础日粮中添加50,100和150 g/d水平的复合中草药制剂。每天测定产奶量,在试验的第1(添加复合中草药制剂之前)、20和40天逐头采集血样,测定不同剂量复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛血淋巴细胞凋亡率、血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因及血淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、p53表达水平的影响。结果表明,B、C和D组的日产奶量较对照组分别提高了20.26%(P<0.05),24.20%(P<0.05)和16.98%(P>0.05);乳中体细胞数较对照组分别降低了21.68%(P<0.05),29.88%(P<0.05)和24.22%(P<0.05);奶牛血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因的表达水平分别比对照组提高了5.00%(P>0.05),13.00%(P<0.05),6.00%(P>0.05)和5.00%(P>0.05),16.00%(P<0.05),3.00%(P>0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞平均凋亡率分别比A组降低了18.20%(P>0.05),17.86%(P>0.05)和12.51%(P>0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞Bcl-2在20,40 d时均极显著高于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组高出105.00%(P>0.05),113.00%(P>0.05)和57.00%(P>0.05);p53基因的表达水平在20,40 d时均极显著低于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组降低了24.00%(P>0.05),28.00%(P>0.05)和20.00%(P>0.05)。试验组中,C组奶牛的日产奶量、体细胞数、血液抗氧化酶活性、淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因表达等指标要优于B、D组;而血液淋巴细胞凋亡率指标为B组最好。说明复合中草药制剂能有效改善热应激奶牛的泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能,且在本试验条件下,每头牛日粮中添加100 g/d水平的效果要优于50及150 g/d水平。     

Effects of yeast selenium supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of goose

The aim was to investigate the effects of yeast selenium (YS) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant variables of geese. A total of 96 one-day-old geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group and eight geese in each replicate. The birds were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/kg YS (on selenium basis) during the 63-day experiment. Yeast selenium supplementation showed no effect on the growth performance of geese, but significantly improved the meat quality. No changes in ash or fat content were observed in breast muscle, but significant (p < 0.05) protein content increase was detected in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups. Yeast selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) promoted Se deposition in liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle and the highest increases were all detected in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Yeast selenium supplementation enhanced the organ and cellular immunity of geese, but did not alter the humoral immunity. Furthermore, dietary YS significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the antioxidant capacity of both muscle and liver, but the effects varied with YS levels and organs. Hence, dietary YS supplementation was a good measure to improve the meat quality, Se content, immunity function, and antioxidant capacity of goose.     

低聚糖对麻花鸡肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同低聚糖对麻花鸡肝脏抗氧化功能的影响。选用35日龄,体重相近的麻花鸡48只,随机分成3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。对照组日粮为基础日粮,IMO组日粮为基础日粮+0.2%异麦芽低聚糖,FOS组日粮为基础日粮+0.5%低聚果糖,试验期为4周。结果表明,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加FOS和I-MO,能够提高麻花鸡肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P>0.05),提高还原型谷胱甘肽酶(GSH-Px)(P<0.05)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),同时降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P>0.05)。结果提示,在日粮中添加低聚糖,可显著提高麻花鸡机体抗氧化性能,并且对生长性能有一定的改善作用。     

蚯蚓提取物对成华猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究蚯蚓提取物对成华猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫指标的影响,试验选用150日龄、体重(45±1)kg成华公猪80头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加3、6、9 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:(1)9 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物组料重比较对照组降低12.9%(P <0.05)。(2)3 mL/kg和6 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物组血清总蛋白较对照组分别提高了17.2%(P <0.05)和23.2%(P <0.05)。(3)3、6、9 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物组血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性较对照组分别降低54.6%(P < 0.05)、77.6%(P < 0.05)和80.0%(P < 0.05)。(4)6 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物组血清中抗炎因子IL-2的水平较对照组提高38.7%(P < 0.05),6、9 mL/kg蚯蚓提取物组血清中促炎因子IL-6的水平较对照组分别降低42.6%(P < 0.05)和46.8%(P < 0.05)。综上,饲料中添加蚯蚓提取物可以降低成华猪的料重比,促进蛋白质合成及利用,同时还可以通过影响LDH、IL-2和IL-6的水平进而提高成华猪的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,建议适宜添加量为9 mL/kg。     

Dietary lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,antioxidant capacity and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs

This study aimed to investigate effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on meat quality,antioxidant ability and muscle fiber type transformation in finishing pigs.In a 70-day experiment,18 Duroc
Landrace
Yorkshire barrows were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0,100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene,respectively.Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with one pig each.Results showed that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation increased muscle redness a^*value,intramuscular fat and crude protein contents,and decreased muscle lightness L^*and yellowness b^*values(P<0.05),suggesting that addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs improved color,nutritional value and juiciness of pork after slaughter.Results also showed that dietary lycopene supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity of finishing pigs(P<0.05).Moreover,dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg lycopene significantly increased slow myosin heavy chain(MyHC)protein level and slow-twitch fiber percentage,and decreased fast MyHC protein level and fast-twitch fiber percentage(P<0.05),suggesting that the addition of 200 mg/kg lycopene to the diet of finishing pigs promoted muscle fiber type conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch.Together,we provide the first evidence that dietary 200 mg/kg lycopene supplementation improves meat quality,enhances antioxidant capacity and promotes muscle fiber type transformation from fast-twitch to slow-twitch in finishing pigs.     

大蒜素对贵妃鸡生产性能及免疫功能影响的初步研究

大蒜素为大蒜提取物，具有较高的药理活性．为了解该药对贵妃鸡的影响，试验以50，100，200mg／kg 3个剂量分别饲喂贵妃鸡。结果表明：饲料中添加大蒜素可提高贵妃鸡的免疫力及生产性能。     

硒代蛋氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化及免疫性能的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫性能的影响。试验选择26 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪1080头[平均体重(9.82±1.18)kg],随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复45头。对照组饲喂基础日粮(硒含量为0.03 mg/kg),无机组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.4 mg/kg硒(亚硒酸钠),有机硒组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 mg/kg硒(硒代蛋氨酸),试验共进行42 d。结果显示:日粮添加0.4和0.8 mg/kg有机硒较对照组显著降低了断奶仔猪22～42 d的料重比(P <0.05)。0.4 mg/kg有机硒组较对照组和0.4 mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了血清GSH-Px和T-AOC活力(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,0.2和0.4 mg/kg有机硒组显著提高了肝脏GSH-Px活力(P <0.05),而0.2 mg/kg有机组肝脏T-AOC活力最高(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,无机硒组和有机硒组显著降低了肝脏和肌肉MDA含量(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,无机硒组和有机硒组显著降低了肝脏MDA含量(P <0.05)。0.6 mg/kg有机硒组较对照组、0.4 mg/kg无机硒组和0.2、0.4 mg/kg有机硒组显著提高了断奶仔猪21 d血清硒含量(P <0.05);与对照组相比,0.4和0.6 mg/kg有机硒组显著提高了仔猪42 d血清硒含量(P <0.05)。0.8 mg/kg有机硒组较对照组和0.4 mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了仔猪42 d血清硒含量(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加硒代蛋氨酸可以改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高其抗氧化性能和血清硒含量,断奶仔猪适宜的硒代蛋氨酸添加水平为0.2～0.4 mg/kg(以硒计)。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.