不同种类脂肪酸对延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞成脂转分化的影响

试验旨在探究用同一浓度不同种类的脂肪酸单体(油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸及棕榈酸)处理延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞(BSC),研究其对脂肪生成相关基因表达及脂滴形成的影响。从18月龄延边黄牛半膜肌中分离提取骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外培养,在分化培养基中分别添加100μmol/L油酸(OA)、硬脂酸(SA)、棕榈油酸(POA)和棕榈酸(PA)培养96 h,油红O染色观察脂滴生成情况,并利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测与脂肪生成相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、固醇调节原件结合蛋白1(SREBP1)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(C/EBPα)的表达。油红O染色结果显示,与对照组相比,所有的脂肪酸处理组细胞均有脂滴形成,油酸和棕榈油酸处理组相对于棕榈酸和硬脂酸处理组在肌管内形成的脂滴数量更多,且脂滴的形态较大。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中添加油酸和棕榈油酸等不饱和脂肪酸增加了与脂肪合成相关基因PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα的表达,抑制了SCD基因的表达;添加饱和脂肪酸(硬脂酸和棕榈酸)则在促进PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα基因表达的同时也显著增加了SCD基因的表达(P0.05)。结果表明,添加脂肪酸可以诱导延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞向脂肪细胞转分化。     

不同种类脂肪酸对延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞成脂转分化的影响

试验旨在探究用同一浓度不同种类的脂肪酸单体（油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸及棕榈酸）处理延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（BSC）,研究其对脂肪生成相关基因表达及脂滴形成的影响。从18月龄延边黄牛半膜肌中分离提取骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外培养,在分化培养基中分别添加100 μmol/L油酸（OA）、硬脂酸（SA）、棕榈油酸（POA）和棕榈酸（PA）培养96 h,油红O染色观察脂滴生成情况,并利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测与脂肪生成相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）、固醇调节原件结合蛋白1（SREBP1）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶（SCD）、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）的表达。油红O染色结果显示,与对照组相比,所有的脂肪酸处理组细胞均有脂滴形成,油酸和棕榈油酸处理组相对于棕榈酸和硬脂酸处理组在肌管内形成的脂滴数量更多,且脂滴的形态较大。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中添加油酸和棕榈油酸等不饱和脂肪酸增加了与脂肪合成相关基因PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα的表达,抑制了SCD基因的表达;添加饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）则在促进PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα基因表达的同时也显著增加了SCD基因的表达（P < 0.05）。结果表明,添加脂肪酸可以诱导延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞向脂肪细胞转分化。     

中国地方品种猪肌肉脂肪酸含量的研究

脂肪酸是构成脂肪的重要化学物质,也是一种重要的芳香物质或芳香物质载体。脂肪酸可分为饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸,前者包括豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、月桂酸(C12:0)、十五碳正烷酸(C15:0)、十七碳正烷酸(C17:0);后者包括棕榈油酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3)、花生二烯酸(C20:2)、花生四烯酸(C20:4)、20碳五烯酸(C20:5)等。国内对猪肌肉脂肪酸的测定,饱和脂肪酸主要测定豆蔻酸(14:0)、棕榈酸(16:0)和硬脂酸(18:0);不饱和     

鱼粉对妊娠晚期和泌乳早期的母羊的影响（2）

2．3羔羊血浆中的脂肪酸组成对比 表6、7、8的是羔羊血浆中的不同脂肪酸的组成对比表。羔羊血浆中的主要脂肪酸有棕榈酸（16：0），硬脂酸（18：0）、油酸（9顺-18：1）和亚油酸（18：2n-6）。     

不同生长阶段多浪羊肌肉内脂肪酸含量分析

为了研究多浪羊肌肉内脂肪酸沉积规律,试验选择8只体重在20 kg以下的多浪羊,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验,运用气相色谱-质谱联谱仪及气相色谱仪测定了不同生长阶段肌肉内脂肪酸种类及含量。结果表明:50 kg羊肌内硬脂酸(C18∶0)、棕榈酸(C16∶0)、油酸(C18∶1)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著高于40 kg羊(P0.05),极显著高于20,30 kg羊(P0.01);50 kg羊肌内亚油酸(C18∶2)含量显著高于20,30,40 kg羊(P0.05)。     

鸡GDF-5基因外显子1多态性与鸡骨骼发育性状的相关研究

根据GenBank发表的鸡GDF-5基因的mRNA序列设计引物，以白耳鸡和东北农业大学选育的肉鸡高、低腹脂系第8世代鸡群为试验材料，通过测序和PCR-SSCP的方法进行SNP检测和基因型分析，探讨GDF5基因多态性与鸡生长和骨骼发育性状之间的关系。结果发现在GDF-5基因外显子1的84bp处存在1个C／T的突变位点，对该突变位点在研究群体中进行基因型分析，结果产生3种基因型，AA型个体的基因序列和GenBank（Accession No：AF123389）中的一致为C，而BB型个体的基因序列在84bp处突变为T。基因型与鸡体组成性状的统计分析结果表明，AA基因型个体的跖骨围显著高于AB基因型个体（P〈0．05）；AA基因型和AB基因型个体的跖爪重和跖爪率显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0．05）；AB基因型个体的股骨长和股骨重显著高于BB基因型个体（P＜0．05）；表明该基因对鸡的骨骼性状有较大的影响或与控制骨骼发育性状的主效基因相连锁。     

双乾肉羊BMP3基因多态性及其与背最长肌脂肪酸含量的相关性研究

为探究绵羊骨形态发生蛋白3(Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3,BMP3)基因多态性对绵羊肉质性状的影响，本实验以双乾肉羊为研究对象，采用Sanger测序方法寻找BMP3基因外显子1的多态性位点，并与背最长肌脂肪酸含量指标进行关联分析。结果显示：BMP3基因外显子1在276 bp处存在A/G突变，为同义突变，且存在AA、AG和GG 3种基因型，AG为优势基因型，A为优势等位基因。该位点处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P>0.05），在双乾肉羊群体中属于中度多态（0.25相似文献   

鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸组成分析

对鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸进行测定,结果显示:鲈鲤肌肉中含有7种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸有3种,不饱和脂肪酸有4种。3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量为28.22%,4种不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)为71.75%,以不饱和脂肪酸中油酸C18∶1含量最高,为44.28%。鲈鲤鱼体肌肉脂肪酸主要由油酸C18∶1、棕榈酸C16∶0、亚油酸C18∶2和棕榈油酸C16∶14种脂肪酸组成,这4种脂肪酸质量分数总和占脂肪酸总质量分数的93.58%。鲈鲤肌肉脂肪酸种类组成与其它几种淡水鱼类比较,存在明显差异。     

高山草原地区箭箸豌豆和垂穗披碱草脂肪酸构成研究

摘要：用GC MS方法对高山草原地区种植的豆科牧草箭筈豌豆333/A（Vicia sativa）和禾本科牧草垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）中脂肪酸含量进行测定,分别检测到12种和11种脂肪酸。两种牧草中脂肪酸总量分别为4.84和4.46 g/kg,都含有4种不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）,其含量次序同为：α 亚麻酸>亚油酸>油酸>棕榈油酸;饱和脂肪酸（SFA）中均为棕榈酸含量最高;UFA/SFA值分别为1.34和2.21。垂穗披碱草与箭筈豌豆333/A相比,其UFA含量高（11%）,SFA含量低（33%）,UFA/SFA是后者的1.65倍。本研究建立的气质联用测定脂肪酸的色谱条件,各组分分离效果好,结果重现性高。     

早胜牛牛肉脂肪酸组成研究

为阐明早胜牛牛肉脂肪酸组成及含量特征,该研究测定并分析了早胜牛前腿肌、后腿肌、背最长肌和皮下脂肪的脂肪酸,并与西杂牛和奶牛公犊进行了比较。结果表明:早胜牛前腿肌、后腿肌、背最长肌和皮下脂肪中的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量均达到了51%以上,且以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主。在4个组织中,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著高于多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)(P0.05),其中背最长肌中的油酸(C18:1n9c)含量(29.51%)显著高于其他组织(P0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比值(P/S)在4个组织中分别为0.18、0.22、0.10、0.01,且3个肌肉组织中的P/S值在正常范围内;早胜牛背最长肌的棕榈酸(C16:0)、油酸(C18:1n9c)含量显著低于西杂牛和奶牛公犊(P0.05),而硬脂酸(C18:0)含量却显著高于奶牛公犊。总体来看,早胜牛背最长肌组织中的脂肪酸在降低胆固醇方面更具优势,且具有很好的食用价值和生产高档牛肉的潜力。     

Effect of a genetic polymorphism in SREBP1 on fatty acid composition and related gene expression in subcutaneous fat tissue of beef cattle breeds

Sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (SREBP1) plays an important role in the lipogenesis which affects fatty acid (FA) composition in backfat and consequently influences beef nutritional quality. This study analyzed the association of 84 bp-indel, both short (S) and long (L) alleles in intron 5 of SREBP1, with FA composition and gene expression of SREBP1 in backfat of northern Spanish beef breeds (Pirenaica, Salers and Holstein-Friesian). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that 84 bp-indel of ruminants is a highly conserved region compared with those in the full-length sequence of intron 5 or mRNA of SREBP1 among species. Overall, higher content of polyunsaturated FAs was observed in SL genotype compared to LL genotype of 84 bp-Indel (p < .05). In particular, in Pirenaica, SL genotype was associated with a higher content of stearic (18:0), α-linolenic (18:3n-3) acid, and total n-3 content (p < .05). However, the gene expression of SREBP1 did not differ among genotypes of 84 bp-Indel (p > .05).     

Genotype,production system and sex effects on fatty acid composition of meat from goat kids

Two trials were performed to assess the meat fatty acid profile of goat kids from different genotypes, production systems and sex. In the first trial, genotype effect was determined in 24 suckling male kids from Turkish Saanen, Maltese and Gokceada breeds. In the second trial, male and female Gokceada Goat kids were used to compare the effect of extensive and semi‐intensive production systems on fatty acid composition of meat. Significant genotype effect was observed in the percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n‐9), linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n‐6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n‐3), despite no differences on the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) and n‐6/n‐3 (P > 0.05). The effect of production system had also significant effects on fatty acids, but sex only influenced significantly stearic acid (C18:0), C18:1 n‐9 and C18:3 n‐3 fatty acids and total PUFA level and PUFA/SFA ratio. This study confirms that dairy breeds are prone to produce higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in their muscle. Meanwhile, meat from Gokceada goat kids, which is one of the indigenous breeds in Turkey, had similar PUFA/SFA and n‐6/n‐3 ratios to Turkish Saanen and Maltase.     

不同枣粉添加水平对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为（20.15±1.63） kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0（对照组）、10%（Ⅰ试验组）、15%（Ⅱ试验组）、20%（Ⅲ试验组）、25%（Ⅳ试验组）的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲喂期70 d,饲喂试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验羊,以羊背最长肌为试验材料,分别测定羊肉的基本营养成分、矿物质、肌纤维特性、外观品质、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量并进行比较分析。结果表明：1）Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ试验组的屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,对照组、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的骨肉比显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;2）对照组的肌内脂肪含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）;3）Ⅲ组的肌纤维面积、直径和剪切力值最小（P<0.05）;4）Ⅲ组中棕榈酸（C16：0）和硬脂酸（C18：0）的含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ试验组（P<0.05）,花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）、α-亚麻酸（C18：2n6c）的含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.05）;5）Ⅳ组羊肉中的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量显著高于其他4组（P<0.05）。综上所述,枣粉添加改善了羊肉的嫩度,有利于羊肉中的矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸等营养成分的积累,从而使羊肉有较高的营养价值,综合考虑20%枣粉添加量时羊肉品质最好。     

南江黄羊脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白（A-FABP）基因多态性与生长性状关联分析

根据山羊A-FABP mRNA序列设计2对引物扩增南江黄羊A-FABP基因部分外显子3、内含子3和外显子4序列,利用克隆测序的方法寻找南江黄羊A-FABP基因的多态性,采用PCR-RFLP的方法进行多态性检测并与生长性状进行关联性分析。结果显示,在南江黄羊A-FABP基因第3内含子和第4外显子序列上分别发现T143C和T546C2个点突变位点,其中T546C位点为同义突变,这2处突变各自产生3种基因型CC、TC和CC,χ2检验显示,这2个位点均处于中度多态且在南江黄羊群体中分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P〉0.05）。关联分析显示,T143C位点TC基因型公羊个体的成年胸围显著长于TT型（P〈0.05）;T546C位点CC基因型公羊个体的周岁体长显著长于TT基因型（P〈0.05）,TC基因型母羊个体的6月龄体质量和胸围均显著长于CC基因型（P〈0.05）,其余生长性状在不同基因型个体间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结果表明：南江黄羊A-FABP基因第3内含子和第4外显子多态性可能对个体生长性状产生一定的影响。     

拉萨白鸡鸡蛋营养成分的分析

为了研究拉萨白鸡鸡蛋的营养成分,随机抽取43周龄的拉萨白鸡鸡蛋40枚,进行营养成分测定。结果表明：拉萨白鸡鸡蛋水分含量为72.50 g/100 g;蛋白质含量为13.00 g/100 g;脂肪含量为9.87 g/100 g;磷脂含量为5.47×10~4 mg/kg;胆固醇含量为2.59×102 mg/100 g;16种氨基酸总含量为11.96 g/100 g,且在必需氨基酸中,亮氨酸的含量最高,为0.98 g/100 g;10种脂肪酸总含量为96.20%,其中C14∶0占0.35%,C16∶0占25.74%,C16∶1占2.21%,C17∶0占0.20%,C18∶0占9.87%,C18∶1占37.32%,C18∶2占19.18%,C18∶3占0.44%,C19∶0占0.19%,C22∶6占0.70%;9种矿物元素含量锌为12.70 mg/kg,铜为0.63mg/kg,铁为22.30 mg/kg,镁为1.04×10~2 mg/kg,锰为0.35 mg/kg,钾为1.35×10~3 mg/kg,钠为1.34×10~3 mg/kg,钙为6.30×10~2mg/kg,磷为2.08×10~3 mg/kg。     

牦牛FASN基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性研究

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对甘南牦牛、大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛的FASN基因第3内含子进行SNPs筛选,并将筛选到的突变位点与牦牛部分肉质性状进行相关性分析.结果发现,3个牦牛群体在第3内含子检测到g.5477 C→T的突变,由此产生3种基因型：HH、HG、GG.相关性分析表明,HH基因型和HG基因型个体的脂肪含量显著高于GG基因型个体（P＜0.05）.HH、HG、GG 3种基因型对失水率、熟肉率、pH24值和剪切力的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

Fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from zebu steers fed with different oilseeds

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of ground oilseed sources on the quality, fatty acid profile, and CLA content of meat from zebu steers. Thirty-one zebu steers with an initial average age of 23 mo and an initial BW of 365 kg were used in this study. The experimental period was 84 d, which was preceded by an adaption period of 28 d. The diet was provided ad libitum with a forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60. Corn silage was used as the forage source. Four different concentrates were formulated for each treatment: without additional lipids (control) or with ground soybeans (SB), ground cottonseed (CS), or ground linseed (LS). The SB, CS, and LS diets were formulated to have 6.5% ether extract on a total dietary DM basis. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design. After slaughter, samples were taken from the longissimus thoracis muscle for the measurement of fatty acid concentration and the evaluation of meat quality. The luminosity index was greater in the control and LS diets (P < 0.01). The greatest percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), trans octadecenoic acid (C18:1 trans-10, trans-11, or trans-12), and SFA in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS treatment (P < 0.01). Moreover, the least percentages of oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) and total unsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat were observed in the CS diet (P < 0.01). The meat linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid percentages were greatest in the SB and LS treatments, respectively (P < 0.001). The unsaturated fatty acid:SFA ratio was smallest for the CS diet (P < 0.01). A gradual increase in oxidation was observed as a function of storage time; however, the diets did not affect the rancidity of the meat (P > 0.05). The fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat was impaired by the addition of CS. Supplying ground oilseeds did not increase the content of CLA in the meat.     

亚急性瘤胃酸中毒耐受性不同的奶牛血浆和乳中脂肪酸及代谢物组成分析

为比较研究对亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）耐受性不同的奶牛血浆和乳中代谢组的差异，试验选用12头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛［泌乳天数=（114±22） d］，饲喂精粗比为4∶6的全混合日粮。在试验期第20和21天晨饲后0、2、4、6、8和12 h监测瘤胃pH值，在早晚饲喂前收集奶样，晨饲6 h后采集颈静脉血，用于测定脂肪酸及代谢物组成。基于奶牛瘤胃平均pH值高低，将奶牛分为SARA易感组（SUS，瘤胃pH=5.76，n=4）和SARA耐受组（TOL，瘤胃pH=6.10，n=4）。脂肪酸测定结果分析显示，与TOL组相比，SUS组奶牛血液及乳中的碳链长度≤C16的脂肪酸含量显著增高（P<0.05），而>C16的脂肪酸的含量显著降低（P<0.05），乳中饱和脂肪酸及单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。血浆代谢组结果显示， SUS组奶牛血浆中L-苯丙酮酸水平显著降低（P<0.05），而MG（18：0/0：0/0：0）、9-HODE、12（13） Ep-9-KODE、烟酰胺、异戊基肉碱、磷酸肌酸和L-谷氨酸水平显著升高（P<0.05）。乳代谢组分析结果显示，与TOL组比较，SUS组奶牛乳中的1-硬脂酰磷酸甘油丝氨酸和鞘氨醇水平显著升高（P<0.05），而甘油磷酰基乙醇胺、3-磷酸甘油和乳清酸等其他14个差异代谢物水平显著降低（P<0.05），这些差异代谢物主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、甘油脂代谢及泛酸与辅酶A代谢等代谢途径。综上所述，SARA耐受性不同的奶牛的血浆和乳中脂肪酸及代谢物组成存在较大差异，SUS组奶牛血浆中氨基酸代谢活动增加，乳腺的乳脂从头合成能力较强，而从血液中摄取长链脂肪酸能力减弱，与此同时，易感奶牛乳中磷脂、乳清酸等营养物质水平下降，乳品质下降。     

Effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium-methionine supplementation on ruminal fermentation,and ruminal bacterial and fatty acid composition in Tan lambs北大核心CSCD

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate level and chromium methionine(Cr-Met)supplementation on ruminal fermentation and fatty acid composition, and ruminal bacteria abundance in Tan lambs. Forty male Tan lambs [(21.00±1.23) kg body weight, 5 months of age] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 10 lambs in each treatment. The treatments were: a low-concentrate (LC) diet (concentrate:forage, 35:65) without Cr-Met supplementation; a high-concentrate (HC) diet (concentrate:forage, 55:45) without Cr-Met supplementation; groups fed the HC diet with 0.75 or 1.50 g·d-1·lamb-1 Cr-Met (HCM and HCH, respectively). Ruminal fluid was collected on day 65 with an oral stomach tube about 3 h after the morning feed and samples used for fermentation analysis, fatty acid composition determination and bacterial DNA extraction. It was found that: 1) Ruminal pH, acetate proportion and acetate:propionate were greater (P<0.05) with the LC diet whereas microbial crude protein, propionate and valerate proportions were greater (P<0.05) with the HC diet. The acetate:propionate was greater (P<0.05) in the HCM group than in the HC group. 2) For the HC diet, the DNA abundances of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the LC diet, whereas the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica was increased (P<0.05). For lambs fed the HC diet, DNA abundances of B. fibrisolvens stearic acid subgroup, Butyrivibrio VA, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and A. lipolytica showed a linear decrease (P<0.05) with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level; However, the DNA abundance of R. flavefaciens showed a linear increase (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the LC group, the concentrations of t11 C18:1, trans C18:1, c9t11 CLA, t10c12 CLA, C18:2n6, and C18:3n3 were decreased by the HC diet without Cr-Met supplementation whereas the concentration of C18:0 was increased. There was a linear increase in t11 C18:1 and trans C18:1 with increasing Cr-Met supplementation level in lambs fed the HC diet. The results suggest that the HC diet inhibited the growth of ruminal bacteria involved in the ruminal biohydrogenation process, and the addition of Cr-Met had a potentially positive effect on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) synthesis in body tissue. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.