氯前列烯醇对鸡等级前卵泡颗粒细胞增殖的促进作用

探讨了前列腺素PGF2α类似物氯前列烯醇（Cloprostenol,CLO）对鸡等级前小黄卵泡颗粒细胞增殖的作用及其信号转导途径。颗粒细胞经16 h预培养后用CLO处理24 h,测定细胞的增殖情况。结果显示：0.1～10μg/L的CLO促进了颗粒细胞的增殖,10μg/L时刺激效果最为明显。蛋白激酶A（PKA）激活后颗粒细胞数量增加,PKA抑制剂H89抑制了CLO的促增殖作用。PKC的激活或抑制对CLO的促增殖作用无显著影响。这表明,CLO可通过PKA途径促进鸡等级前小黄卵泡颗粒细胞的增殖。     

催情散对秦川牛催情效果研究

对直肠检查发现的发情而卵巢上无卵泡发育或长期不发情母牛，采用口服催情散与肌注前列腺素F2α进行治疗。结果表明：口服催情散后120－240h有96．3％（52／54）母牛发情，发情母牛中有92．3％（48／52）母牛排卵，第一情期受胎率为89．6％（43／48）：肌注前列腺素F2α后60－100h有80％（16／20）母牛发情，发情母牛中有81．3％（13／16）母牛排卵，第一情期受胎率为53．8％（7／13）。两种药物作用结果差异极显著（p＜0．01)。     

刺激疑核对甲状腺功能的影响

实验用3-4月龄健康青紫蓝家兔15只,麻醉后于AP20-219L1-1.8处插入同心圆电极(H20-21),用电子刺激器刺激。在刺激前及刺激后每隔一定时间采血检测血浆中T3、T4、TSH含量。实验完毕,用电损毁法做极尖定位,并做组织学检查,电极尖端位于疑核的作为实验组(10例),余为对照组(5例)。对其中6例(实验组3例,对照组3例)采取两侧甲状腺做超微结构观察。结果:刺激疑核后血浆中T3、T4含量下降,TSH含量无变化,而对照组T3、T4、TSH变化均不明显;实验组甲状腺显示滤泡上皮细胞功能不活跃的结构相,对照组显示功能较旺盛的结构相。由此认为,疑核与甲状腺之间存在机能联系,刺激疑核可引起甲状腺功能抑制,并且这种联系可能是由起源于疑核,支配甲状腺的副交感神经所介导的。     

实验性热应激对肉仔鸡免疫器官的影响

对实验性热应激肉仔鸡的免疫器官的组织学变化、超微组织学变化进行了动态观察,对热应激造成的免疫器官的细胞凋亡及免疫反应能力进行了检测.结果表明,热应激可引起免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的发育分化不良,使法氏囊指数、脾脏指数明显下降,胸腺指数虽有下降,但幅度较小;热应激对免疫器官的组织结构有显著影响,尤其对法氏囊和脾脏的影响更明显,主要表现为实质细胞的萎缩、消失性病变,但无明显的实质细胞崩解坏死、炎性细胞浸润、炎性充血等病理变化,并随热应激时间的延长而逐渐加重,最后以实质细胞几乎完全消失、间质结缔组织增生而纤维化告终.热应激可显著影响试验鸡血清新城疫病毒抗体滴度,与对照相比,其抗体滴度的峰值低,维持时间短,下降速度快;通过电镜观察和细胞凋亡的原位检测,证实热应激时免疫器官的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞有凋亡现象,这种凋亡现象在早期尤其显著.     

山羊促卵泡素受体基因研究进展

促卵泡素受体（FSHR）作为影响动物繁殖力的主效基因,已在不同物种中被广泛和持续地研究。作者归纳和分析了山羊FSHR基因的结构及其蛋白质的结构、作用机制、表达范围和规律,总结了该基因单核苷酸多态性的遗传效应,发现山羊FSHR基因的生物信息和基因效应相关研究比较深入,且近期在信号传导方面的研究证实FSHR基因是卵泡形成和发育过程中的关键因素;与不同种群繁殖性能的关联分析提示,FSHR基因的某些单核苷酸突变位点可作为遗传标记辅助选择的依据,但不同山羊种群中的突变效应仍需进一步证实。     

Fenbendazole and its effect on the immune system of the sheep

Ten parasite-free 6-month-old lambs were drenched on days 0 and 28 with fenbendazole and 1 day after each drench were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin. Ten other lambs injected with the antigens were not drenched with anthelmintic and served as controls. Lymphocytes from the fenbendazole-drenched lambs collected 3 days after the first antigen injections and cultured in vitro in RPM1 1640 plus 5% foetal calf serum, and lymphocytes collected at 3 and 7 days and cultured in RPM1 plus 50% autologous serum, had decreased blastogenic activity compared with lymphocytes from control lambs. Similarly, decreased blastogenesis was observed with lymphocytes collected 7 days after the second antigen injections from drenched lambs and cultured in 50% autologous serum containing concanavalin A. In contrast, increased blastogenesis was seen with lymphocytes collected 14 days after the second antigen injections from the drenched lambs and cultured in 50% autologous serum containing phytohaemagglutinin. Similar antibody responses were seen for the drenched and control lambs in response to the injections of both antigens except that, after the second injection, there was a significant reduction in antibody response to human erythrocytes in the fenbendazole-treated lambs. Decreased serum complement levels were seen particularly 3 and 7 days after the second antigen injections in drenched lambs. These serum samples had increased conglutinin activity. At the end of the experiment, the fenbendazole-drenched lambs were significantly heavier than the control lambs. However, this did not appear to be related to any effects of fenbendazole on levels of growth promoting hormones.     

Fenbendazole and its effect on the immune system of the sheep

Ten parasite-free 6-month-old lambs were drenched on days 0 and 28 with fenbendazole and 1 day after each drench were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin. Ten other lambs injected with the antigens were not drenched with anthelmintic and served as controls. Lymphocytes from the fenbendazole-drenched lambs collected 3 days after the first antigen injections and cultured in vitro in RPM11640 plus 5% foetal calf serum, and lymphocytes collected at 3 and 7 days and cultured in RPM1 plus 50% autologous serum, had decreased blastogenic activity compared with lymphocytes from control lambs. Similiarly, decreased blastogenesis was observed with lymphocytes collected 7 days after the second antigen injections from drenched lambs and cultured in 50% autologous serum containing concanavalin A. In contrast, increased blastogenesis was seen with lymphocytes collected 14 days after the second antigen injections from the drenched lambs and cultured in 50% autologous serum containing phytohaemagglutinin. Similar antibody responses were seen for the drenched and control lambs in response to the injections of both antigens except that, after the second injection, there was a significant reduction in antibody response to human erythrocytes in the fenbendazole-treated lambs. Decreased serum complement levels were seen particularly 3 and 7 days after the second antigen injections in drenched lambs. These serum samples had increased conglutinin activity. At the end of the experiment, the fenbendazole-drenched lambs were significantly heavier than the control lambs. However, this did not appear to be related to any effects of fenbendazole on levels of growth promoting hormones.     

文昌鸡促卵泡素受体基因外显子区域SNPs分析

寻找与鸡繁殖性能相关的遗传标记,为高繁殖力的标记辅助选择提供科学依据。本研究以促卵泡素受体（FSHR）基因作为影响鸡繁殖性状的候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序对FSHR基因部分包括所有外显子区域进行单核苷酸多态性检测和分析。结果发现,在区域2、区域4、区域6、区域9共4个区域存在SNPs位点。exon4编码区43 bp处T→C突变,但没有导致翻译后氨基酸序列的改变,在exon2中编码区5′端—49 bp处的C→T突变;exon6 编码区3′端+12 bp处的A→G突变;exon8编码区3′端+38 bp处的 G→T突变。促卵泡素受体（FSHR）是促卵泡素（FSH）的特异性受体,这些位点的单核苷酸多态性为下一步研究探讨FSHR基因对文昌鸡繁殖性能的遗传效应奠定了基础。     

天门冬氨酸促进垂体生长激素分泌的研究进展

阐述了N-甲基-DL-天门冬氨酸(NMA)对猪、羊、鼠和猴等动物生长激素分泌的影响,探讨了影响NMA 作用效果的因素,并对其作用机理进行了讨论。     

探究轮班制度对于地铁司机疲劳的影响

地铁列车司机的工作环境和工作性质都要求他们始终集中注意力,再加上他们的工作具备单调性和重复性,他们在日常工作当中很容易就会出现驾驶疲劳等问题。驾驶员长时间连续行车就会产生驾驶疲劳,降低驾驶操作效能。为了避免列车司机产生驾驶皮料,需要深入的研究轮班制度对于地铁司机疲劳的影响。     

复合植物精油对脂多糖刺激仔猪肝脏的保护作用

试验旨在研究复合植物精油(OCT)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激仔猪肝脏的保护作用。选取18头仔猪,随机分为对照组、LPS组和OCT+LPS组,每组6个重复。对照组与LPS组饲喂基础日粮,OCT+LPS组在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg OCT。试验期21 d。于试验第21天,LPS组与OCT+LPS组仔猪腹腔注射LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,3 h后采血,6 h后屠宰。结果表明:与对照组相比,LPS刺激提高了血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷酰转肽酶(GGT)、肝脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i-NOS)的活力(P0.05),肝脏热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因的相对表达量显著提高(P0.05);仔猪肝脏表皮生长因子(EGF)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、胰岛素样因子(IGF-1)、丝氨酸蛋白激酶(mTOR)基因的相对表达量显著降低(P0.05)。在日粮中添加50 mg/kg的OCT,可缓解LPS导致的仔猪血浆ALT、AST、GGT活力的升高以及肝脏i-NOS活力的升高(P0.05),且有缓解LPS导致的仔猪肝脏MPO活力升高的趋势(P0.1),另外可缓解LPS导致的仔猪肝脏HSP70基因相对表达量的升高以及EGF、IL-10、IGF-1、mTOR等基因相对表达量的降低(P0.05)。综上可知,日粮中添加50 mg/kg的OCT可缓解LPS刺激引起的肝脏炎症反应,提高仔猪肝脏细胞的生长和增殖,进而缓解LPS刺激导致的仔猪肝脏氧化应激损伤。     

Attempts at Superovulation of Mares With Porcine Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Recombinant Equine Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Attempts to superovulate mares have been disappointing and expensive. Conflicting data exist on the effectiveness of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) as a superovulatory treatment for horses. Recently, a recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) has become available with covalently linked alpha and beta subunits, which results in a longer half-life than endogenous FSH. The purpose of this study was to compare doses of pFSH and reFSH for superovulating mares. Twenty-nine mares received injections of 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg pFSH or 0.5 mg reFSH 2 times per day. Mares were used up to three times, with their second reproductive cycle serving as an untreated control. All treated mares were administered cloprostenol on the second day of treatment and given 2,500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin 24 to 38 hours after the majority of large follicles were >30 mm. Mares with untreated control cycles also received cloprostenol, but deslorelin was used to induce ovulation. No response from superstimulation treatments differed (P > .1) from those of controls; mean ovulations per cycle ranged from 0.85 to 1.31; mean embryo recovery rates ranged from 0.66 to 1.08. Two of the eight mares treated with reFSH failed to ovulate. Porcine FSH was ineffective at inducing multiple ovulations at any dose. Although previous studies of reFSH yielded high ovulation rates, further research is needed to establish optimal protocols and to determine the cause of failed ovulations.     

Oxfendazole treatment of non-parasitized lambs and its effect on the immune system

Ten parasite-free lambs were drenched with oxfendazole on days 0 and 28 and, one day after each drench, were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin. Ten other antigen-injected lambs were not drenched (controls). Lymphocytes collected 3 days after each antigen injection and cultured in RPMI 1640 plus 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) and lymphocytes collected 3 days after the first and 3 and 7 days after the second antigen injection and cultured in 50% autologous serum had decreased blastogenic activity compared with control lymphocytes. After the second drench, decreased blastogenesis was seen with lymphocytes collected on days 3 and 7 and cultured in 5% FCS and concanavalin A (Con A) and on day 3 when cultured in 5% FCS and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased blastogenesis was also seen with lymphocytes collected 7 and 29 days after the second injection of antigen and cultured in 50% autologous serum plus Con A and on days 3, 7 and 29 when cultured in 50% autologous serum and PHA.Significantly depressed antibody responses to both antigens were seen after the second drench. The serum complement level was depressed 3 days after the second injection of antigen. Serum nitric oxide levels were significantly depressed 3 and 21 days after the first and 7 and 21 days after the second injection of antigen. There were no differences in levels of growth-promoting hormones but the drenched lambs gained significantly more weight than the controls.Abbreviations C complement - Con A concanavalin A - cpm counts per minute - EIA enzyme immunoassay - FCS fetal calf serum - IGF insulin-like growth factor - oIGF-1 ovine insulin-like growth factor-1 - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - PHA phytohaemagglutinin     

Study on the Expression of FBP1 Gene in AA Broilers under Cold Stimulating Environment

In order to study of FBP1 gene expression under cold stimulating environment,75 AA broilers as research object were selected and randomly assigned to 5 groups,one of group was control group that raising in normal temperature,the remaining four groups were cold stimulation groups that raising temperature was 3 ℃ lower than the control group.The time of cold stimulation in four groups were 1,3,5 and 24 h,respectively.Cold stimulation started at 8 days of age,ended at 21 days of age.Broilers were slaughtered at 22 days of age and investigated FBP1 gene expression in each group.The results showed that the expression of FBP1 gene existed tissue specificity under cold stimulating environment.The relative expression level of FBP1 gene in liver was significantly higher than the other tissues in 1 h group (P< 0.05);The relative expression level of FBP1 gene in lung were significantly higher than the other tissues except of liver in 3 h group except for liver (P< 0.05);The relative expression level of FBP1 gene in liver were significantly higher than the other tissues in 5 h group (P< 0.05);The relative expression level of FBP1 gene in thymus were significantly higher than the other tissues in 24 h group (P< 0.05).FBP1 gene expression inside the heart was on the decline in the same organization different treatment groups as the rime of cold stimulating was increasing except for 3 h group.FBP1 gene expression of liver in 5 h group was significantly higher than other FBP1 gene expression in each treatment group.FBP1 gene expression of spleen was significant decreased in 1 h group,the other group extend a downward trend with the extension of cold stimulation time.FBP1 gene expression in lung was downward trend after rising first.FBP1 gene expression in kidney was significantly decreased in 24 h group,and the other groups had no obvious change.FBP1 gene expression of thymus in 24 h group was significantly higher than the other groups (P< 0.05),and there was no significant difference between control group and other four terament groups (P >0.05).     

系统耦合及其对农业系统的作用

阐述了系统耦合的概念，相关原理及其在农业方面的应用，并对其发展历程做了分类综述。在归纳系统耦合现有水平的基础上，对系统耦合今后的发展趋势及进一步开拓3个界面所发生的系统耦合机理和系统相悖进行了研究。     

The effect of infectious bursal disease virus on the immune system of turkeys

In 1979 it was reported that an infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated from a case of respiratory disease of turkeys differed antigenically from the chicken isolates of this virus. We injected turkey poults with the turkey-originating TY89 and chicken-originating BD/6 isolates of IBDV and studied their effects on antibody production to the virus, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, in vitro response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens, and microscopic structure of the bursa of Fabricius. The chicken isolate BD/6 caused a significant decrease in the response to sheep erythrocytes, lower serum IgG, transient decrease in the response of lymphocytes to PHA, and mild microscopic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius. The turkey isolate TY89, however, caused no obvious damage to the immune system of the infected poults. We suggest that a partial and transient functional disorder of the immune system of poults can occur after infection with IBDV originating from chickens, even if the poults exhibited no clinical signs.     

冷刺激下AA肉鸡FBP1基因表达量的研究

为了解冷刺激条件下果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶1(FBP1)基因在肉鸡组织中的表达情况,试验选择75只AA肉鸡随机分成了对照组(正常饲养温度)和4个处理组(比正常饲养温度低3 ℃),从雏鸡8日龄开始每天分别进行1、3、5和24 h的冷刺激,在21日龄时结束冷刺激,并于22日龄屠宰测定FBP1基因在AA肉鸡各组织中的表达情况。结果表明,在冷刺激条件下,FBP1基因表达量存在组织特异性,在1 h处理组中FBP1基因在肝脏中的表达量显著高于其他各组织(P< 0.05),在3 h处理组中FBP1基因在肺脏中表达量显著高于除肝脏外的其他各组织(P< 0.05),在5 h处理组中FBP1基因在肝脏中的表达量显著高于其他各组织(P< 0.05),在24 h处理组中FBP1基因在胸腺中的表达量明显高于其他各组织(P< 0.05)。在相同组织不同处理组中,心脏FBP1基因的表达量除3 h组明显降低外,其余处理组随冷刺激时间延长呈下降趋势,肝脏中FBP1基因表达量在5 h组中显著高于其他各处理组(P< 0.05),脾脏中FBP1基因的表达量除在1 h组中明显降低外,其余各处理组随冷刺激时间延长呈下降趋势,肺脏中FBP1基因的表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,肾脏中FBP1基因表达量除在24 h组中明显降低外,其余各组没有明显变化,胸腺中24 h组FBP1基因表达量显著高于其他处理组(P< 0.05),且其他处理组与对照组差异不显著(P >0.05)。     

热应激对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

热应激是肉鸡生产中最常见的应激之一，它能够影响肉鸡免疫器官的生长发育，使体液免疫和细胞免疫功能也受到影响。１热应激的概念应激是动物从受刺激达到体内平衡的一种适应性反应眼１演。热应激是指环境温度超过动物能够对其适应的生理范围而产生的应激。肉鸡生产过程中经常会遇到各种应激，其中热应激造成的危害最大。它不仅影响肉鸡的生长、发育及生产性能，也可影响其免疫机能，是造成疾病发生流行的重要原因。因此，热应激影响肉鸡免疫功能的研究对避免这一情况的发生将会起到积极的作用眼２演。２热应激对肉鸡免疫功能的影响２．１鸡…