Study on Temperaments and Spiritual Connotations of Sichuan Gardens

Sichuan gardens consist of various types and forms, showing simple, primitive, peaceful, cultural and inclusive characteristics. These features owe to its special geographical condition, historical background and regional culture. Furthermore, Taoism that originated from the ancient Shu Kingdom influenced the formation of Sichuan garden deeply. Through reviewing its features and formation causes, spiritual connotations of Sichuan garden can be summarized as the worldview of pursuing the nature, the practical values and the philosophy of accommodating.     

The Development of Chinese Royal Gardens

This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Through the specific analysis of the typical royal gardens in different periods,the development and changes of the gardening skills and overall layout of the royal gardens in each period were obtained,and the development characteristics of the whole historical period of the Chinese royal gardens were summarized.     

从古典园林到山地公园规划设计

人与自然山水的关系向来密切。随着社会的发展,人们生活水平的提高,生活于现代物质文明中的人们,渴望舒缓由高节奏的生活带来的紧张与压抑。于是,寄情山水就成了人们逃离喧嚣的手段。所以,山地公园就成了人们特殊的情感场所和户外开放空间。山地公园由于其富于变化和立体感的自然景观特色,以及丰富的人文景观内涵,越来越受到人们的亲睐。但现代山地公园的建设并没有真正结合山地特点,山地景观资源非但没有得以利用和保护,反遭破坏,景观的城市化、现代化较为严重,与山地周围环境不协调。笔者希望从传统古典园林中得到启发,以求能够指导山地公园的规划设计,创造出大自然的美妙景观。     

Manifestation of Traditional Cultures in Classical Chinese and Korean Gardens

Classical garden as a kind of comprehensive art embodies a nation's culture and spirit, and culture has a direct impact on the style of classical gardens in the same period. Traditional Chinese and Korean gardens have intimate connection with each other and have their own unique systems. Also it is no exception in culture, that is, similar traditional cultures have different manifestations in their respective classical gardens. This study analyzes different manifestations of yin and yang and Five Elements Theory, thought of immortals and Confucianism in classical gardens of China and Korea.     

美国市民农园的发展、功能及建设模式初探

城市农业的发展日益受到人们关注,市民农园作为其重要形式之一,是由一群人在同一地块上开展耕种的社区活动,已成为协调城市人地关系的一种有效途径。为借鉴国外城市农业发展经验,本文对美国市民农园的发展、功能、类型进行了梳理,对洛杉矶14个市民农园营建模式进行了系统调查。研究得出：美国市民农园已有百年历史,对美国社会、经济和文化的发展影响深远;不仅具有生产、生态和景观功能,而且有较高社会文化价值;有多种营建模式,管理体系较为完善,用地属性多为公有,以种植食用植物为主,重视节约管理和有机种植;同时亦有诸如租约等弊端影响其长远发展。这对中国城市农业发展、绿地规划具有借鉴意义。该文从城市化、老龄化及和谐社区建设等角度,认为市民农园是中国城市农业和城市规划重要的实施方式,具有一定社会需求,并提出了一些建议。     

Differences of Landscape Architecture between Residential Communities in North and South China

This paper reviewed basic definitions of residential community landscape,analyzed the differences between residential community landscapes in north and south China,and also the causes of landscape differences from the perspectives of climate,soil,vegetation species,water resources,historical and cultural background. Moreover,landscape design strategies suitable for actual conditions of China were put forward in terms of overall style,plant configuration,waterscape design,and construction details.     

Comparison of Origins and Evolution between Classical Chinese and Japanese Gardens

With deep research into historical gardens as well as the existing ones in both China and Japan, this article compares the gardens' origins and evolution in the two countries, and draws the conclusion that the gardens in each country emerged and developed naturally, and classical Chinese gardens originated earlier than those in Japan, but made their progress in a much slower way.     

Reviews of Researches on Traditional Chinese Temple Gardens

Definition and classification of temple gardens in China was introduced,and by adopting literature review method,it was found that about 20%of the temple garden researches are research reviews,70%focus on local temple gardens,and 10%about certain famous temple gardens.On the basis of analyzing and summarizing current research fruits,focuses and weaknesses of the current researches were proposed,and also prospects predicted.     

结合山地景观开发利用的农业观光园区规划设计研究

近些年,随着经济、社会发展和人们的需求,农业观光项目正在迅速蔓延开来,但大多数农业观光园区都是在以前基地条件较好的平原或者平地进行改造和建设。本文通过对山东蓬莱“凤凰山庄”的开发规划进行实践研究,运用相关知识,从功能分区的角度,探讨如何利用山地有利的条件,扬长补短,建成具有独特的山地景观特色的农业观光园,以求能够对同类农业观光园的规划有所启示,获得更好的经济和社会效益。     

杭州市典型茶园土壤与茶叶中重金属的积累与来源分析

为了解杭州市茶园土壤与茶叶中重金属的污染状况及其重金属的可能污染来源,选择杭州市典型茶园20个,按区位与施肥的不同分为城郊-化肥、城郊-有机肥、山区-化肥和山区有机肥等4种类型,采集了0~15、45~60 cm分层土样及茶树新叶和老叶样品,分析土样和茶叶样品中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr和Co等重金属含量。结果表明,研究土壤Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Hg、Cr和Co污染程度较轻,其含量均低于土壤环境质量二级标准。除老叶样中Pb有25%样品超标外,新叶及老叶的其他重金属元素都在限值以下。城郊区茶园土壤的Pb、Cd和Hg含量普遍高于山区茶园。施用化肥的茶园土壤Cd略高于施用有机肥的茶园,施有机肥的茶园土壤Hg略高于施用化肥的茶园。施用有机肥的茶园土壤Zn和Cu明显高于施化肥的茶园。施用有机肥可轻微提高茶园土壤中Cr的积累;土壤中Co的积累受人为影响较小。研究认为,研究区茶园土壤中重金属Pb、Cd和Hg的积累主要与大气沉降有关,而Zn和Cu的积累主要与有机肥料的施用有关。     

Play-with-water Landscapes in Classical Chinese Gardens

From the perspective of delighting and sentimental function of water in classical Chinese gardens, the concept of "play with water" or "dabbling" was introduced. Play-with-water landscapes in many classical Chinese gardens were investigated and classified into 4 types: sound play, shadow play, human play, and water fowl play. Concrete design techniques were explored.     

Artful Application of Garden Plants in Classical Suzhou Gardens

Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selection of plant species and plant furnishings. In addition, manifestation of artistic beauty of the classical Suzhou gardens was explored, and protective measures were given.     

特色茶树品种在生态观光茶园景观设计中的应用

以我国丰富的特色茶树品种资源为核心,提出如何科学合理地将这些特色品种资源应用在生态观光茶园总体布局设计、立体设计、季相设计、色彩设计和文化设计中,为我国生态观光茶园建设提供参考。     

基于回归分析的苏州古典园林庭园空间构成

苏州古典园林历史悠久,集中国园林之精髓。以苏州宅园最具代表性,保存完整的13个古典园林作为研究对象。基于空间构成的基本原理,提出庭园空间是构成园林的基本空间单元,深入剖析庭园空间的构成规律,提取庭园空间的构成要素,借助SPSS 18.0分析软件,利用有序回归分析方法对量化后的庭园空间水平、垂直的构成要素进行分析。研究结果可总结出：苏州古典园林的庭园数量规律;庭园水平、垂直构成要素及相互间的配置关系;庭园的开敞与封闭特点。希望该项研究能为园林今后的设计与建设提供有价值的参考。     

百色地区有机茶园主要害虫生态学防治指标的研究

2003~2004年,对广西百色地区有机茶园主要益、害节肢动物群落进行调查,并对其稳定性进行了分析,试验结果表明,随着有机管理时间的增加,节肢动物群落逐渐趋于稳定,实施有机管理6年以上的茶园,群落的稳定性最高,群落的自我调控能力强,在生长季节不需进行人工防治。根据各茶园的益、害节肢动物多样性指数,制定了以群落多样性为指标的动态防治指标。     

安徽典型山地茶园养分状况与土壤特性的研究

为了探明安徽山地茶园土壤养分分布特征和土壤紧实度的基本情况,分析土壤养分供应和茶树养分含量之间的关联性可为山地茶园经营管理提供参考。结果表明：茶园土壤在不同pH区段内的化学性质随 pH 值的变化差异明显,当土壤pH处于4.0~4.5区段时,对于酸化过程的抑制能力明显减弱,其盐基离子的脱除速度也显著增加,交换性阳离子中致酸离子比例增大,而当土壤pH>5.0时,对于酸化过程的抑制能力则明显增强,盐基脱除速度也迅速下降,交换性阳离子中致酸离子比例下降。皖南山区的茶园土壤中氮磷含量较高,但钾的含量相对不足,皖西的茶园土壤中氮磷钾含量较为均匀。各区县茶园土壤pH都较低,其中低于4.5的占到将近50%,土壤酸化的程度呈日益加剧的趋势。0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤容重分别为1.32~1.47 g/cm3和1.37~1.58 g/cm3之间,土壤总孔隙率在50%左右,气相所占比例相对不足,土壤通透性不良。各区县的施肥水平差异较大,皖南的肥料投入量要比皖西的肥料投入量高15%左右。     

地域性植物景观在城市道路中的设计与探索——以云南元谋县城特色规划研究为例

随着经济的发展、科技的飞跃,道路交通压力的增大,人们对道路植物景观的要求也日益重视。但是由于多种原因。在道路景观建设中,植物景观设计普遍缺少特色,更缺少地域性文化氛围。本文通过对云南元谋几条道路的现状调查分析,然后改进后的设计,从而探索地域性植物景观在实际规划中的应用及其思路、设计方法等,为今后在城市景观规划设计中提供一定的参考依据。     

Themes and Originality of Show Gardens in UK Flower Show

Flower shows in UK continue throughout the year. Show Gardens in the flower show, originating from life with varied themes, are apparently different from those in China. Themes of show gardens include social care, ecological conservation, religious morality, perception of life, etc.. Originality of show gardens is simple and unbound, while more attentions are paid to details and setting in the influence of different modern arts. The diversity of sponsors and the richness of life elements of the themes are closely related.Flower shows in UK are mainly supported by companies and self-organized by the industry, which is the basic reason resulting in the diversity of garden themes and the long-term prosperity of flower shows.     

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.     

Residential Environment Ethic and Green Building Materials

The environment ethic deals with the research on relation between human beings and the nature. The residential environment ethic is a detail study of environment ethic, which studies the relation between human beings and residential environment. The residential environment ethic presents the human duty to care about and protect residential environment and actually to protect human beings themselves. But the residential environment is facing many dangers, such as city pollution and indoor air pollution, which are closely related to building materials. So, one of the ways for improving the residential environment quality is to use green building materials.