Application of Garden Design Style in Tang Dynasty to the Design of Modern City Public Gardens: A Case Study of Tang Paradise

Public garden, as a type of Chinese classical garden, is an important historical heritage and cultural landscape of the current traditional city. However, under the background of modern urbanization, urban living environment is out of the traditional history and culture and facing such issue as cement jungle. In order to improve the living environment and make the city coordinate with the natural environment, the development of modern urban gardens needs inheritance and development of traditional garden practices. The planning and design methods with scientific guidance were studied in this paper through exploring the application of garden design style in Tang Dynasty in the design of modern city public gardens, so as to inherit the classical garden culture and create a city open space that meets the needs of contemporary citizens as well.     

Layouts and Aesthetic Characteristics of Buildings in the Period of Republic of China along Zhongshan Road in Nanjing City

Zhongshan Road in Nanjing City was formerly known as "Meridian of the Republic of China", signif icant buildings of the Republic of China were mostly distributed along this modern avenue. The diversifi ed styles and types of these buildings refl ect the historical changes of modern Chinese buildings, and also record history of that age. The buildings are intangible cultural heritages of not only Nanjing, but also China. Study on and protection of these buildings is a process of reviewing modern architectural history of China, and also rethinking the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese cultures. In addition, the research promotes the coordinated development of modern urban construction and social cultures.     

Research on Tourism Agglomeration: A Case Study of Hainan Province,China

On the basis of analyzing yearly data and spatial relationships between tourism spots, star hotels and travel agencies of Hainan Province, and comparing all the methods of measuring industrial spatial agglomeration, this paper chose Hefindahl index, Location Quotient, nearest neighbor index, spatial connection index and geographic concentration index to measure Hainan tourism agglomeration. By applying these methods, total tourism agglomeration, agglomeration of tourism factors and regional agglomeration differences were studied. The results showed that the overall agglomeration increases as time flows, and the eastern part is the most agglomerated, the west takes the second, with the middle ranking the least. The large-scale agglomeration regions are Sanya and Haikou. The influencing factors of Hainan tourism spatial agglomeration were concluded as tourism resource endowment, industrial attributes, geographic conditions, governmental policies and the overall economic development level, etc. In addition, the paper proposed tourism spatial agglomeration modes of Hainan Province at various spatial scales.     

Community Regeneration Based on CPTED Theory: A Case Study of Rosengard Residential Area in Sweden

With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planning, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) theory had been applied to practice. Rosengard residential area in Malmo, Sweden was a typical example of underclass community with physical and social problems. However, regeneration programme based on CPTED theory aimed to change the community from a problematical area to a safe and attractive neighborhood. Multidimensional analysis was carried out to illustrate the relationship between environmental improvement and security from community image, traffic system, territoriality and natural surveillance perspectives. This study could be considered as a referential approach for community construction and regeneration in China.     

Layout Optimization of Riverside Residential Area Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Nanhua Village,Shenzhen

Based on the previous researches on building layout with thermal comfort, this paper Stud Shenzhen Nanhua Village to explore the way of using building layout to change thermal environment of riverfront residential areas. The results showed that a more comfortable outdoor thermal environment could be obtained by applying proper building layouts favorable for the thermal comfort of the Nanhua Village. It proves again that efficient and feasible building layout, which is suitable for a river microclimate, is important in improving thermal comfort of a riverside residential area. The study also provides a good example for the future architectural designs of a riverside residential area for obtaining thermal comfort.     

Development of Neighborhood Residences in China: A Case Study of Baiwanzhuang

Neighborhood residence was firstly introduced by the Soviet Union in the early days of China's establishment. As representatives of the first generation of neighbourhood residences at that time, Baiwanzhuang bears profound historical imprints in this respect. Via historical records and current situation investigation, we focus on combing its past and present situation, try to trace the history of the introduction, development and decline of neighborhood residence in China, and explore the development model and logic of this type of residence form in China. The research is conducive to guiding improvement and promotion of current residence model to a certain level, and also provides the possibility to pursue another living form that is more suitable for social development and residents' needs.     

Spatial Evolution of Tourism-Oriented Rural Residential Space: A Case Study of Xiaochuanfangyu Village,Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village in Jizhou District,Tianjin

Currently, rural residential space can't continue to meet the growing demand for tourism receptions because of the development of rural tourism, resulting in the evolution and reconstruction of residential space in rural areas. In the past decade, rural tourism has become the main driving force for industrial transformation and economic growth in rural areas of China. Taking three tourism-oriented villages in Jizhou District, Tianjin, namely Xiaochuanfangyu Village, Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village, as the objects of the research, this paper analyzed the influence of rural tourism on the evolution of rural residential space from the perspectives of the spatial pattern and architectural style at the microscopic scale.     

Ecological Carrying Capacity of Cities in Southwest China Against the Background of Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Mianyang,Sichuan, China

As Mianyang has neglected the coordination relationship with the ecological environment in the course of rapid urbanization, its ecological environment is getting worse.To this end, this study used the ecological footprint method to explore the ecological carrying capacity of Mianyang from 2007 to 2014 under the background of rapid urbanization, which has important guiding significance for the future development of Mianyang.The results showed that in 2007–2014, the ecological footprint of Mianyang was greater than its ecological carrying capacity, indicating that Mianyang is in an ecological deficit.Specifically, the per capita ecological footprint showed a downtrend, and the per capita ecological carrying capacity showed a trend of smooth decline.In addition, the per capita ecological deficit was generally decreasing.In summary, Mianyang was generally in an ecological deficit in 2007–2014.Thus, the ecological environment of the region should be protected, in order to promote the sustainable development of the ecosystem in the region.     

Design of Public Communication Spaces in Urban Highrises:A Case Study of Xuzhou Hanbang Square Residential Area

Highrise residences with high plot ratio meet housing needs of urban residents, improve living conditions of residents, but also show many unreasonable problems in the design of public communication spaces with a result of interpersonal indifference and lack of sense of identity. This paper took Xuzhou Hanbang Square for example to explore strategies of improving public communication spaces in highrises from the perspectives of entrance lobby, open-floor ground design, ecological garage, and three-level property management. On the one hand, the paper tries to improve quality of residential environment and service quality of public facilities; on the other hand, to enhance sense of neighborhood and identity of residents, and change the current interpersonal indifference.     

Problems in the Development of Small Cities and Towns in West China and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Luzhou City,Sichuan Province

New urbanization targets at coordinated urban-rural development, and construction of ecological and livable environment, it is the foundation for breaking urban-rural dual structure of China and promoting the agricultural modernization. Small cities and towns as carriers of new urbanization have already become important paths of realizing new urbanization and solving problems concerning 300 million peasants in China. Considering the requirements of new urbanization, this paper took Luzhou City in Sichuan Province for example to explore development path suitable for small cities and towns in west China and gave pertinent suggestions.     

Design of Campus Wetland Landscapes: A Case Study of the Bailuxi Wetland of University of Sanya in Sanya,Hainan, China

In this paper, the landscape design of the Bailuxi Wetland in University of Sanya was studied by using the research method of survey—analysis—design. The questionnaire survey, field observation and landscape pattern analysis were used to analyze the landscape pattern of the Bailuxi Wetland as well as the characteristics and problems of the six subsystems of green space, activity, road, animal, plant, and sound. Then the overall structure and function design of the Bailuxi Wetland landscape, the optimization adjustment of the landscape pattern, the optimization design of the subsystem, and the relationship design between human and the animal, plant, and sound systems were proposed. This study is dedicated to providing effective advice on the planning and design of campus wetland landscapes, with a view to providing examples for the planning and design of campus wetland landscapes. The research indicates that:(1) Scientific and rational spatial structure and functional layout planning are prerequisites for the sustainable development of wetland landscapes;(2) the balanced development of subsystems in the campus wetland system is a necessary condition for maintaining the rationality of the campus landscape pattern;(3) the degree of harmony between humans and animals, plants, and sounds affects the ecological sustainability of campus wetland landscapes.     

中华农学会成立初期的史实考述

清末民初以来,农学界人士开始集结同人,以学会组织的形式推进农学研究。中华农学会是民国时期会员最为众多,组织最为稳固,会务最为活跃的全国性农学团体。但是,关于其成立的时间、地点以及首任会长等基本问题,学界长期以来存在诸多不同说法,就连当事人的回忆也各不相同。参照比勘各方留存资料,重新考订中华农学会成立及其初期的基本史实,尽量呈现其"近真"历史图像。     

Problems of Shoal Wetland and Riverfront Greening in China and Solutions:A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

Shoal wetland and riverfront greening are important contents of afforestation for flood control,in addition to increasing shoal wetland biodiversity and waterscapes,they can also restore and improve coastal ecological environment,and broaden the green area on the plain effectively. Through analyzing problems of shoal wetland and riverfront greening in Zhejiang Province,this paper took successful cases for example to propose the ideas for implementing plain greening effectively,such as afforestation for flood control,landscaping construction is an ecological infrastructure project,plan wetland greening according to actual conditions,promote wetland greening by enhancing the cooperation among relevant departments,adopt multiple measures to enhance riverfront greening.     

Evaluation on Urban Land Ecological Security Based on the PSR Model and Matter-Element Analysis: A Case Study of Zhuhai,Guangdong, China

As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai's land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were secure, and the value increased year by year; as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.     

Measuring Smart Land Use in Urban–Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Pukou,Nanjing City

This article expands the study of smart growth from urban space to urban–rural regions based on land use. It analyses smart land use in urban–rural regions. The study sets up an integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions, which consisted of three subsystems: land amount controls, land form compactness, and land use efficiency. As a case study, the system was used to measure the smart land use in the Pukou District of Nanjing City, an area with intensive urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The results show that smart land use in the investigated area is increasing year by year, but it remains to be further improved. The integrated measure indicator system of smart land use in urban–rural regions is effective for measuring the level and status of regional smart land use.     

Landscape Evaluation of Urban Golf Courses Based on the AHP-Fuzzy Method:A Case Study of Dianchi Lakeview Golf Course in Kunming,Yunnan, China

Taking Dianchi Lakeview Golf Course in Kunming, Yunnan, China as the object of landscape evaluation, this paper constructed an evaluation index system with the functionality, beauty and ecology of the golf course as the criteria, carried out the landscape evaluation of Dianchi Lakeview Golf Course using the semantic differential(SD), the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and other methods, and discussed the methods, indicators and models of landscape evaluation of urban golf courses.     

Development Estimation of Cultural Relic Parks Based on the Living Development of Heritage:A Case Study of Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing

Taking Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City for example,IPAT conceptual model of the system dynamics was introduced to construct the ROMCPE living development mode suitable for monument parks centering on protection of the authenticity.Through estimating tourist resources,tourism originality,evaluation of living market,capital investment for living development,policy guarantee for the living development,and environmental quality for living development of the Xiao Mausoleum,it was found that the overall resources of the scenic area are in good conditions,but its living development remains in an average level.In view of this,it was suggested that the living development of the Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty can be promoted by improving creativity of high-and middle-level management staff,using resource advantages,distributing capital investment reasonably,and applying suitable marketing modes.     

The Arts and Employment: A Case Study of the Stratford Festival

This paper examines the impact of the Stratford Festival on employment within the community of Stratford, Ontario. The specific objective is to calculate the number of “secondary” jobs created in Stratford per “primary” job generated at the festival. This is achieved in three stages. First, primary employment is calculated from information provided by theatre personnel. Second, secondary employment is assessed from information collected in a survey of local business proprietors. Third, a festival-employment multiplier is derived. This reveals the number of secondary jobs created in the community per job at the festival. Results indicate that 1.6 jobs result in Stratford for every job generated at the theatre. This finding provides evidence that cultural organizations contribute positively to the economic climate of a community. The economic consequences of cultural events constitute an important argument for their continued support.     

Analysis of Evolution Features of Villages into Small Towns under the Influence of Tourism:A Case Study of Xizhou Town of Dali City

Influence of tourism on society,economy and culture of traditional villages is shown gradually by physical form,promoting the evolution of villages into small towns. Based on the perspective of morphology,the changing features of physical and social spatial form of three typical regions(Xizhou Village and its surrounding areas,Zhoucheng Village and its surrounding areas,and Renliyi Village) in Xizhou Town of Dali City during 1985-2010 were analyzed; the roles of tourism during the evolution process of villages into small towns were discussed; the evolution features of villages into small towns were summarized. It is concluded that tourism and economy related to tourism have played important roles in the enhancement of cohesion degree of an aggregation nucleus and have promoted the evolution process of vilages into small towns.